मुक़ाबला (muqaablaa)

noun A borrowed word (from Arabic/Persian via Urdu) meaning a competition, match, or contest; it also extends into a verbal-noun sense of 'comparison' or 'facing up to' something, seen in the common compound verb मुक़ाबला करना (muqaablaa karnaa).
Sense 1 : competition, match, contest
noun, masculine
Synonyms: प्रतियोगिता (pratiyogitaa), टक्कर (takkar, colloquial), स्पर्धा (spardhaa, formal)
Frequency: high
Cultural Note: You will hear this word constantly around cricket season -- India-Pakistan मुक़ाबला (muqaablaa) is practically a national event in itself, and sports commentators lean on this word far more than the stiffer प्रतियोगिता (pratiyogitaa). It also appears in election and market contexts, e.g. कांटे का मुक़ाबला (kaante kaa muqaablaa, 'a razor-close contest'), a phrase you'll hear on every news channel during elections.
Common Mistakes: 1) Learners often reach for प्रतियोगिता (pratiyogitaa) by default; मुक़ाबला (muqaablaa) is the far more common, everyday word for a sports match or head-to-head contest and sounds much more natural in spoken Hindi. 2) The verb pairing is मुक़ाबला करना (muqaablaa karnaa, 'to compete/face off'), not मुक़ाबला होना (muqaablaa honaa) for 'to compete' -- होना (honaa) is used when the match itself 'takes place,' e.g. मैचों का मुक़ाबला हुआ (maichon kaa muqaablaa huaa, 'the match took place').
Sample Sentences:
आज रात भारत और पाकिस्तान का मुक़ाबला है। Tonight there's a match between India and Pakistan.
(aaj raat bhaarat aur paakistaan kaa muqaablaa hai।)
Register: Casual -- Mood: Indicative -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Active
यह मुक़ाबला बहुत कांटे का था। This was a very close contest.
(yah muqaablaa bahut kaante kaa thaa।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Indicative -- Tense: Past -- Voice: Active
अगले हफ़्ते दोनों टीमों के बीच फ़ाइनल मुक़ाबला होगा। Next week there will be the final match between the two teams.
(agle hafte donon tiimon ke biich faainal muqaablaa hogaa।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Indicative -- Tense: Future -- Voice: Active
अगर बारिश न होती तो मुक़ाबला और भी रोमांचक होता। If it hadn't rained, the match would have been even more thrilling.
(agar baarish n hotii to muqaablaa aur bhii romaanchak hotaa।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Counterfactual -- Aspect: Habitual -- Voice: Active
इस बार का चुनावी मुक़ाबला कांटे का माना जा रहा है। This time's electoral contest is being considered a razor-close one.
(is baar kaa chunaavii muqaablaa kaante kaa maanaa jaa rahaa hai।)
Register: Formal -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Continuous -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Passive
स्टेडियम में मुक़ाबला देखने के लिए हज़ारों लोग जमा हो गए। Thousands of people gathered in the stadium to watch the match.
(stediyam men muqaablaa dekhne ke lie hazaaron log jamaa ho gae।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Perfective -- Tense: Past -- Voice: Active
क्या तुमने कल का मुक़ाबला देखा? Did you watch yesterday's match?
(kyaa tumne kal kaa muqaablaa dekhaa?)
Register: Casual -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Perfective -- Tense: Past -- Voice: Active
बाज़ार में दोनों कंपनियों के बीच सख़्त मुक़ाबला चल रहा है। There's fierce competition going on between the two companies in the market.
(baazaar men donon kampniyon ke biich sakht muqaablaa chal rahaa hai।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Continuous -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Active
मुक़ाबला शुरू होने से पहले खिलाड़ी वार्म-अप कर रहे थे। Before the match started, the players were warming up.
(muqaablaa shuroo hone se pahle khilaadii vaarm-ap kar rahe the।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Continuous -- Tense: Past -- Voice: Active
टिकट मिले तो कल का मुक़ाबला ज़रूर देखना। If you get a ticket, definitely watch tomorrow's match.
(tikat mile to kal kaa muqaablaa zaroor dekhnaa।)
Register: Casual -- Mood: Imperative -- Voice: Active
उम्मीद है कि यह मुक़ाबला बिना किसी विवाद के ख़त्म हो। Hopefully this match ends without any controversy.
(ummiid hai ki yah muqaablaa binaa kisii vivaad ke khatm ho।)
Register: Formal -- Mood: Subjunctive -- Voice: Active
Sense 2 : confrontation, facing up to (a rival, danger, or challenge)
noun, masculine Typically appears as मुक़ाबला करना (muqaablaa karnaa, 'to confront/stand up to') with का (kaa) marking the thing or person being faced, e.g. मुश्किलों का मुक़ाबला (mushkilon kaa muqaablaa, 'facing up to difficulties').
Synonyms: सामना (saamnaa), टक्कर (takkar, colloquial)
Frequency: medium
Cultural Note: This is the sense behind stirring lines like ज़िंदगी का मुक़ाबला (zindgii kaa muqaablaa, 'the struggle/confrontation of life') -- it carries a slightly heroic, up-against-the-odds flavor, the kind of word you'd hear in a motivational speech or a film dialogue about overcoming hardship.
Common Mistakes: 1) Learners sometimes translate 'to face a problem' with a literal word-for-word rendering; मुश्किल का मुक़ाबला करना (mushkil kaa muqaablaa karnaa) is the natural collocation, closer in feel to सामना करना (saamnaa karnaa) than to a sports 'match.'
Sample Sentences:
ज़िंदगी का मुक़ाबला करने के लिए हिम्मत चाहिए। Facing up to life's struggles takes courage.
(zindgii kaa muqaablaa karne ke lie himmat chaahie।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Habitual -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Active
उसने अपने डर का मुक़ाबला किया और आगे बढ़ गया। He confronted his fear and moved forward.
(usne apne dar kaa muqaablaa kiyaa aur aage badh gayaa।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Perfective -- Tense: Past -- Voice: Active
मुसीबतों का मुक़ाबला करते रहो, हार मत मानो। Keep facing up to hardships, don't give up.
(musiibton kaa muqaablaa karte raho, haar mat maano।)
Register: Formal -- Mood: Imperative -- Voice: Active
अगर हिम्मत होती तो वह हालात का मुक़ाबला कर पाता। If he had had the courage, he would have been able to confront the circumstances.
(agar himmat hotii to vah haalaat kaa muqaablaa kar paataa।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Counterfactual -- Aspect: Habitual -- Voice: Active
हमें इस चुनौती का मुक़ाबला डटकर करना होगा। We will have to stand firm and face this challenge.
(hamen is chunautii kaa muqaablaa datkar karnaa hogaa।)
Register: Formal -- Mood: Indicative -- Tense: Future -- Voice: Active
गरीबी का मुक़ाबला करते हुए उसने अपने बच्चों को पढ़ाया। While battling poverty, she educated her children.
(gariibii kaa muqaablaa karte hue usne apne bachchon ko padhaayaa।)
Register: Literary -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Perfective -- Tense: Past -- Voice: Active
शायद वह बीमारी का मुक़ाबला कर सके। Maybe he'll manage to fight off the illness.
(shaayad vah biimaarii kaa muqaablaa kar sake।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Subjunctive -- Voice: Active
मौत का मुक़ाबला करना आसान बात नहीं है। Confronting death is no easy matter.
(maut kaa muqaablaa karnaa aasaan baat nahiin hai।)
Register: Literary -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Habitual -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Active
इस फ़िल्म में हीरो अकेले पूरी दुनिया का मुक़ाबला करता है। In this film, the hero single-handedly confronts the entire world.
(is film men hiiro akele poorii duniyaa kaa muqaablaa kartaa hai।)
Register: Casual -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Habitual -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Active
Sense 3 : comparison
noun, masculine Used with के मुक़ाबले (ke muqaable, 'in comparison to, compared with') as a postposition-like phrase governing the oblique.
Synonyms: तुलना (tulnaa)
Frequency: high
Cultural Note: You'll hear के मुक़ाबले (ke muqaable) constantly in market haggling and casual comparisons -- 'यह उससे सस्ता है, उसके मुक़ाबले' (yah usse sastaa hai, uske muqaable, 'this is cheaper, compared to that one') -- it has a very grounded, practical, everyday-bargaining feel.
Common Mistakes: 1) के मुक़ाबले (ke muqaable) is the everyday way to say 'compared to,' often more natural in speech than की तुलना में (kii tulnaa men), which can sound a touch more formal or written.
Sample Sentences:
इस दुकान के कपड़े उस दुकान के मुक़ाबले सस्ते हैं। The clothes in this shop are cheaper compared to that shop.
(is dukaan ke kapde us dukaan ke muqaable saste hain।)
Register: Casual -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Habitual -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Active
पिछले साल के मुक़ाबले इस साल गर्मी ज़्यादा है। Compared to last year, the heat is more this year.
(pichhle saal ke muqaable is saal garmii zyaadaa hai।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Indicative -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Active
दोनों फ़ोन का मुक़ाबला करके देखो, फिर तय करना। Compare both phones, then decide.
(donon fon kaa muqaablaa karke dekho, phir tay karnaa।)
Register: Casual -- Mood: Imperative -- Voice: Active
उसके मुक़ाबले मेरी तनख़्वाह बहुत कम है। Compared to him, my salary is very low.
(uske muqaable merii tanakhvaah bahut kam hai।)
Register: Casual -- Mood: Indicative -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Active
जब दोनों योजनाओं का मुक़ाबला किया गया, तो दूसरी योजना बेहतर निकली। When both plans were compared, the second plan turned out to be better.
(jab donon yojnaaon kaa muqaablaa kiyaa gayaa, to doosrii yojnaa behtar niklii।)
Register: Formal -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Perfective -- Tense: Past -- Voice: Passive
अगर तुम दोनों कीमतों का मुक़ाबला करो, तो फ़र्क़ साफ़ दिखेगा। If you compare both prices, the difference will show clearly.
(agar tum donon kiimton kaa muqaablaa karo, to farq saaf dikhegaa।)
Register: Casual -- Mood: Subjunctive -- Tense: Future -- Voice: Active
अगर उसके काम का मुक़ाबला मेरे काम से होता, तो मैं शायद जीत जाता। If his work had been compared to mine, I might have won.
(agar uske kaam kaa muqaablaa mere kaam se hotaa, to main shaayad jiit jaataa।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Counterfactual -- Aspect: Habitual -- Voice: Active
रिपोर्ट में पिछले महीने के मुक़ाबले बिक्री में बढ़ोतरी दिखाई गई है। The report shows an increase in sales compared to last month.
(riport men pichhle mahiine ke muqaable bikrii men badhotrii dikhaaii gaii hai।)
Register: Formal -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Perfective -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Passive
वह हर चीज़ का मुक़ाबला अपने भाई से करता रहता है। He keeps comparing everything to his brother.
(vah har chiiz kaa muqaablaa apne bhaaii se kartaa rahtaa hai।)
Register: Casual -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Habitual -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Active
सब्ज़ी वाले ने कहा, यह टमाटर उसके मुक़ाबले ताज़ा है। The vegetable seller said, this tomato is fresher compared to that one.
(sabzii vaale ne kahaa, yah tamaatar uske muqaable taazaa hai।)
Register: Casual -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Perfective -- Tense: Past -- Voice: Active
दोनों उम्मीदवारों की योग्यताओं का मुक़ाबला करना ज़रूरी है। It is necessary to compare the qualifications of both candidates.
(donon ummiidvaaron kii yogytaaon kaa muqaablaa karnaa zaroorii hai।)
Register: Formal -- Mood: Indicative -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Active
Morphology
Noun
(sg.m.direct): मुक़ाबला (muqaablaa)
(sg.m.oblique): मुक़ाबले (muqaable)
(pl.m.direct): मुक़ाबले (muqaable)
(pl.m.oblique): मुक़ाबलों (muqaablon)