ठहराना (thahraanaa)
verb
The causative of ठहरना (thaharnaa, 'to stop/stay'); core senses are 'to make something stop or stay' and, by extension, 'to declare/hold someone as' (e.g. guilty, responsible).
Sense
1
:
to declare, hold, judge (someone/something to be a certain way)
verb, transitive Takes the frame X को Y ठहराना ('to declare/hold X as Y'), where Y is typically an adjective or noun describing a verdict or judgment, e.g. दोषी ठहराना (doshii thahraanaa, 'to hold guilty').
Synonyms: करार देना (karaar denaa), घोषित करना (ghoshit karnaa, more formal)
Frequency: high
Cultural Note: This is the courtroom and news-headline verb: अदालत ने उसे दोषी ठहराया (adaalat ne use doshii thahraayaa, 'the court held him guilty') is a stock phrase you will hear constantly on Hindi news channels; it also extends to everyday blame, as in किसी को ज़िम्मेदार ठहराना (kisii ko zimmedaar thahraanaa, 'to hold someone responsible').
Common Mistakes: 1) This sense is almost always used with को (ko) marking the person or thing being judged -- दोषी को नहीं, बल्कि उसे दोषी ठहराया गया (use doshii thahraayaa gayaa, 'he was declared guilty') -- learners sometimes try to use से (se) here by analogy with other verbs, which is wrong.
Sample Sentences:
अदालत ने उसे दोषी ठहराया।
The court held him guilty.
(adaalat ne use doshii thahraayaa।)
मीडिया हमेशा किसी न किसी को ज़िम्मेदार ठहराती है।
The media always holds someone or the other responsible.
(miidiyaa hameshaa kisii n kisii ko zimmedaar thahraatii hai।)
पुलिस अभी तक यह तय नहीं कर पाई कि हादसे के लिए किसे ज़िम्मेदार ठहराया जाए।
The police still haven't decided who should be held responsible for the accident.
(pulis abhii tak yah tay nahiin kar paaii ki haadse ke lie kise zimmedaar thahraayaa jaae।)
अगर सबूत मिलते तो उसे कभी का दोषी ठहरा दिया जाता।
If evidence had been found, he would have been declared guilty long ago.
(agar saboot milte to use kabhii kaa doshii thahraa diyaa jaataa।)
तुम बिना वजह मुझे इस गड़बड़ी के लिए ज़िम्मेदार मत ठहराओ।
Don't blame me for this mess without reason.
(tum binaa vajah mujhe is gadabdii ke lie zimmedaar mat thahraao।)
अदालत ने अपने फैसले में कंपनी को लापरवाह ठहराया है।
In its verdict, the court has declared the company negligent.
(adaalat ne apne phaisle men kampnii ko laaparvaah thahraayaa hai।)
आजकल हर छोटी बात के लिए सरकार को ज़िम्मेदार ठहरा दिया जाता है।
These days the government is held responsible for every little thing.
(aajkal har chhotii baat ke lie sarkaar ko zimmedaar thahraa diyaa jaataa hai।)
जज साहब ने मुजरिम को कल की सुनवाई में दोषी ठहराया था।
The judge had declared the accused guilty in yesterday's hearing.
(jaj saahab ne mujrim ko kal kii sunvaaii men doshii thahraayaa thaa।)
क्या अदालत उसे इतने कमज़ोर सबूतों पर दोषी ठहरा सकती है?
Can the court declare him guilty on such weak evidence?
(kyaa adaalat use itne kamzor sabooton par doshii thahraa saktii hai?)
समिति ने जांच के बाद अफसर को ग़लत नहीं ठहराया।
After the inquiry, the committee did not declare the officer at fault.
(samiti ne jaanch ke baad aphsar ko ghalat nahiin thahraayaa।)
काश अदालत उसे बेगुनाह ठहराती।
If only the court had declared him innocent.
(kaash adaalat use begunaah thahraatii।)
Sense
2
:
to make stop, halt (something in motion)
verb, transitive
Synonyms: रोकना (roknaa)
Frequency: medium
Cultural Note: Think of a rickshaw-wallah or a boatman being told गाड़ी यहाँ ठहरा दो (gaadii yahaan thahraa do, 'stop the vehicle here') -- the verb carries a sense of bringing something to rest at a spot, related to ठहरना (thaharnaa, 'to stay/halt') of which this is the causative.
Common Mistakes: 1) Learners confuse this with रोकना (roknaa); रोकना is the more general everyday word for 'stop,' while ठहराना (thahraanaa) leans toward bringing something to rest at a place (a vehicle, a boat) rather than blocking or preventing motion in general.
Sample Sentences:
गाड़ी यहाँ ठहरा दो।
Stop the car here.
(gaadii yahaan thahraa do।)
ड्राइवर ने गाड़ी बाज़ार के पास ठहरा दी।
The driver stopped the car near the market.
(draaivar ne gaadii baazaar ke paas thahraa dii।)
वह हर मोड़ पर रिक्शा ठहरा देता है ताकि सवारी आराम से चढ़ सके।
He stops the rickshaw at every turn so the passenger can get on comfortably.
(vah har mod par rikshaa thahraa detaa hai taaki savaarii aaraam se chadh sake।)
नाविक नाव को घाट पर ठहरा रहा था जब लहरें तेज़ हो गईं।
The boatman was halting the boat at the ghat when the waves grew strong.
(naavik naav ko ghaat par thahraa rahaa thaa jab lahren tez ho gaiin।)
अगर ब्रेक ठीक होते तो वह गाड़ी समय पर ठहरा पाता।
If the brakes had been fine, he would have been able to stop the car on time.
(agar brek thiik hote to vah gaadii samay par thahraa paataa।)
कंडक्टर ने बस को स्टॉप पर ठहराया।
The conductor stopped the bus at the stop.
(kandaktar ne bas ko stop par thahraayaa।)
ट्रेन को यहाँ ठहराया जाएगा ताकि यात्री चढ़ सकें।
The train will be halted here so that passengers can board.
(tren ko yahaan thahraayaa jaaegaa taaki yaatrii chadh saken।)
कृपया गाड़ी को थोड़ी देर के लिए ठहरा दें।
Please stop the vehicle for a little while.
(kripyaa gaadii ko thodii der ke lie thahraa den।)
शायद वह ट्रॉली को गोदाम के सामने ठहरा दे।
Perhaps he will stop the trolley in front of the warehouse.
(shaayad vah trolii ko godaam ke saamne thahraa de।)
पहिया अचानक ठहरा दिया गया, जिससे सब हैरान रह गए।
The wheel was suddenly brought to a halt, which left everyone stunned.
(pahiyaa achaanak thahraa diyaa gayaa, jisse sab hairaan rah gae।)
Sense
3
:
to let someone stay, put someone up (lodging)
verb, transitive
Synonyms: टिकाना (tikaanaa)
Frequency: medium
Cultural Note: This is the natural verb for hosting -- a relative visiting Delhi might say हमने उन्हें अपने घर ठहराया (hamne unhen apne ghar thahraayaa, 'we put them up at our house'), reflecting the deep hospitality norm of giving guests a place to stay rather than sending them to a hotel.
Sample Sentences:
हमने उन्हें अपने घर ठहराया।
We put them up at our house.
(hamne unhen apne ghar thahraayaa।)
शादी में आए मेहमानों को होटल में ठहराया गया।
The guests who came for the wedding were put up in a hotel.
(shaadii men aae mehmaanon ko hotal men thahraayaa gayaa।)
मैं अपने चाचा को कुछ दिन अपने पास ठहराता हूँ।
I put my uncle up at my place for a few days.
(main apne chaachaa ko kuchh din apne paas thahraataa hoon।)
क्या तुम उसे रातभर के लिए ठहरा सकते हो?
Can you put him up for the night?
(kyaa tum use raatbhar ke lie thahraa sakte ho?)
अगर कमरा खाली होता तो हम उन्हें यहीं ठहरा लेते।
If the room had been free, we would have put them up right here.
(agar kamraa khaalii hotaa to ham unhen yahiin thahraa lete।)
उसे बाहर मत ठहराओ, घर के अंदर कमरा दे दो।
Don't put him up outside; give him a room inside the house.
(use baahar mat thahraao, ghar ke andar kamraa de do।)
अतिथियों को सम्मानपूर्वक ठहराने की व्यवस्था की गई है।
Arrangements have been made to lodge the guests respectfully.
(atithiyon ko sammaanpoorvak thahraane kii vyavasthaa kii gaii hai।)
मेरी दादी हमेशा कहती थीं कि जो घर आए उसे ठहराना चाहिए।
My grandmother always used to say that whoever comes to your home should be put up.
(merii daadii hameshaa kahtii thiin ki jo ghar aae use thahraanaa chaahie।)
अगली बार जब वे दिल्ली आएँगे, हम उन्हें फिर ठहराएँगे।
Next time they come to Delhi, we will put them up again.
(aglii baar jab ve dillii aaenge, ham unhen phir thahraaenge।)
काश हमारे पास इतनी जगह होती कि हम सबको ठहरा पाते।
If only we had that much space, we could have put everyone up.
(kaash hamaare paas itnii jagah hotii ki ham sabko thahraa paate।)
Morphology
Verb
infinitive:
ठहराना
(thahraanaa)
infinitive oblique:
ठहराने
(thahraane)
habitual/simple (sg.m):
ठहराता
(thahraataa)
habitual/simple (pl.m):
ठहराते
(thahraate)
habitual/simple (sg.f):
ठहराती
(thahraatii)
habitual/simple (pl.f):
ठहरातीं
(thahraatiin)
continuous (sg.m):
ठहरा रहा
(thahraa rahaa)
continuous (pl.m):
ठहरा रहे
(thahraa rahe)
continuous (sg.f):
ठहरा रही
(thahraa rahii)
continuous (pl.f):
ठहरा रहीं
(thahraa rahiin)
perfective (sg.m):
ठहराया
(thahraayaa)
perfective (pl.m):
ठहराए
(thahraae)
perfective (sg.f):
ठहराई
(thahraaii)
perfective (pl.f):
ठहराईं
(thahraaiin)
imperative (informal):
ठहरा
(thahraa)
imperative (neutral):
ठहराओ
(thahraao)
imperative (formal):
ठहराइए
(thahraaie)
future (1sg.m):
ठहराऊँगा
(thahraaoongaa)
future (1sg.f):
ठहराऊँगी
(thahraaoongii)
future (1pl.m):
ठहराएँगे
(thahraaenge)
future (1pl.f):
ठहराएँगी
(thahraaengii)
future (2sg.m):
ठहराएगा
(thahraaegaa)
future (2sg.f):
ठहराएगी
(thahraaegii)
future (2pl.m):
ठहराओगे
(thahraaoge)
future (2pl.f):
ठहराओगी
(thahraaogii)
future (3sg.m):
ठहराएगा
(thahraaegaa)
future (3sg.f):
ठहराएगी
(thahraaegii)
future (3pl.m):
ठहराएँगे
(thahraaenge)
future (3pl.f):
ठहराएँगी
(thahraaengii)
subjunctive (1sg):
ठहराऊँ
(thahraaoon)
subjunctive (1pl):
ठहराएँ
(thahraaen)
subjunctive (2sg):
ठहराए
(thahraae)
subjunctive (2pl):
ठहराओ
(thahraao)
subjunctive (3sg):
ठहराए
(thahraae)
subjunctive (3pl):
ठहराएँ
(thahraaen)