फ़सल (fasal)

noun फ़सल (fasal) means 'crop/harvest' -- a farming term with a well-known figurative extension for the 'yield' or 'result' of one's efforts.
Sense 1 : crop, harvest (agricultural produce or the season's yield)
noun, feminine
Synonyms: पैदावार (paidaavaar, yield/produce), उपज (upaj)
Frequency: high
Cultural Note: In North India you will hear फ़सल (fasal) constantly in the context of the two big agricultural seasons: रबी की फ़सल (rabii kii fasal, 'the winter/rabi crop', wheat and mustard) and खरीफ़ की फ़सल (khariif kii fasal, 'the monsoon/kharif crop', rice and sugarcane). Farmers and news broadcasts alike talk about फ़सल पकना (fasal paknaa, 'the crop ripening') and फ़सल की कटाई (fasal kii kataaii, 'crop harvesting') as markers of the rural calendar.
Common Mistakes: 1) Learners sometimes mix up फ़सल (fasal) with खेत (khet) -- खेत (khet) is the field itself, फ़सल (fasal) is what grows in it. 2) फ़सल काटना (fasal kaatnaa, 'to cut/harvest the crop') is the standard verb pairing; फ़सल बनाना (fasal banaanaa) is not idiomatic for 'to harvest.'
Sample Sentences:
इस साल गेहूं की फ़सल बहुत अच्छी हुई है। This year the wheat crop has been very good.
(is saal gehoon kii fasal bahut achchhii huii hai।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Perfective -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Active
किसान हर साल अक्टूबर में रबी की फ़सल बोते हैं। Farmers sow the rabi crop every year in October.
(kisaan har saal aktoobar men rabii kii fasal bote hain।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Habitual -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Active
पिछले महीने बेमौसम बारिश ने खरीफ़ की फ़सल बर्बाद कर दी। Last month unseasonal rain destroyed the kharif crop.
(pichhle mahiine bemausam baarish ne khariif kii fasal barbaad kar dii।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Perfective -- Tense: Past -- Voice: Active
खेतों में फ़सल पक रही है, बस कटाई का इंतज़ार है। The crop is ripening in the fields; only the harvesting remains to be waited for.
(kheton men fasal pak rahii hai, bas kataaii kaa intzaar hai।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Continuous -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Active
अगले हफ़्ते से गाँव में फ़सल की कटाई शुरू होगी। Crop harvesting will begin in the village from next week.
(agle hafte se gaanv men fasal kii kataaii shuroo hogii।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Indicative -- Tense: Future -- Voice: Active
समय पर बारिश हो जाती तो फ़सल इतनी खराब न होती। If it had rained on time, the crop would not have been ruined so much.
(samay par baarish ho jaatii to fasal itnii kharaab n hotii।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Counterfactual -- Aspect: Habitual -- Voice: Active
सरकार ने किसानों को फ़सल का उचित दाम देने का वादा किया। The government promised farmers a fair price for the crop.
(sarkaar ne kisaanon ko fasal kaa uchit daam dene kaa vaadaa kiyaa।)
Register: Formal -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Perfective -- Tense: Past -- Voice: Active
इस बार ओले पड़ने से पूरी फ़सल तबाह हो गई। This time, because of hailstorms, the entire crop was ruined.
(is baar ole padne se poorii fasal tabaah ho gaii।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Perfective -- Tense: Past -- Voice: Passive
भैया, इस साल फ़सल कैसी हुई? Brother, how did the crop turn out this year?
(bhaiyaa, is saal fasal kaisii huii?)
Register: Casual -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Perfective -- Tense: Past -- Voice: Active
कृषि मंत्रालय ने बताया कि इस वर्ष खरीफ़ की फ़सल का उत्पादन रिकॉर्ड स्तर पर रहा। The agriculture ministry reported that this year's kharif crop production remained at a record level.
(krishi mantraalay ne bataayaa ki is varsh khariif kii fasal kaa utpaadan rikord star par rahaa।)
Register: Formal -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Perfective -- Tense: Past -- Voice: Active
काश इस साल फ़सल अच्छी हो जाए। I wish the crop turns out good this year.
(kaash is saal fasal achchhii ho jaae।)
Register: Casual -- Mood: Subjunctive -- Voice: Active
Sense 2 : figurative: the result or outcome of one's efforts, what one 'reaps'
noun, feminine Used in fixed expressions built on the sowing/reaping metaphor, e.g. जो बोया वही काटा (jo boyaa vahii kaataa, 'as you sow, so shall you reap') and मेहनत की फ़सल (mehnat kii fasal, 'the fruit of hard work').
Synonyms: नतीजा (natiijaa, result), परिणाम (parinaam, formal)
Frequency: medium
Cultural Note: Just as English speakers say 'reap what you sow,' Hindi extends the farming image of फ़सल (fasal) to any long-term outcome -- good or bad -- of sustained effort, echoing a worldview where agricultural cycles are the default metaphor for cause and effect in life.
Common Mistakes: 1) This figurative sense almost always appears with a possessive or genitive tying it to the effort or action that produced it (e.g. मेहनत की फ़सल (mehnat kii fasal)) -- used bare, फ़सल (fasal) will usually just be read as the literal crop.
Sample Sentences:
जो बोओगे, वही फ़सल काटोगे। You will reap the harvest of whatever you sow.
(jo booge, vahii fasal kaatoge।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Indicative -- Tense: Future -- Voice: Active
उसकी बरसों की मेहनत की फ़सल आज उसे मिल रही है। He is reaping the harvest of years of hard work today.
(uskii barson kii mehnat kii fasal aaj use mil rahii hai।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Continuous -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Active
बुरे कर्मों की फ़सल देर-सवेर काटनी ही पड़ती है। One inevitably has to reap the harvest of bad deeds sooner or later.
(bure karmon kii fasal der-saver kaatnii hii padtii hai।)
Register: Literary -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Habitual -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Active
अगर तुमने ईमानदारी से काम किया होता, तो आज कुछ और ही फ़सल काट रहे होते। If you had worked honestly, you would be reaping a very different harvest today.
(agar tumne iimaandaarii se kaam kiyaa hotaa, to aaj kuchh aur hii fasal kaat rahe hote।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Counterfactual -- Aspect: Continuous -- Voice: Active
उसने जो नफ़रत बोई थी, उसकी फ़सल उसे खुद ही काटनी पड़ी। He himself had to reap the harvest of the hatred he had sown.
(usne jo nafrat boii thii, uskii fasal use khud hii kaatnii padii।)
Register: Literary -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Perfective -- Tense: Past -- Voice: Active
अपने बच्चों की तरबियत में जो बीज तुम आज बोओगे, कल उसकी फ़सल वही होगी। The harvest tomorrow will be exactly whatever seeds you sow today in raising your children.
(apne bachchon kii tarbiyat men jo biij tum aaj booge, kal uskii fasal vahii hogii।)
Register: Formal -- Mood: Indicative -- Tense: Future -- Voice: Active
क्या पता, इस त्याग की फ़सल कब हमें मिले। Who knows when we might get the harvest of this sacrifice.
(kyaa pataa, is tyaag kii fasal kab hamen mile।)
Register: Literary -- Mood: Subjunctive -- Voice: Active
काश उसकी फ़सल सिर्फ़ अच्छे कर्मों की होती। If only his harvest were only that of good deeds.
(kaash uskii fasal sirf achchhe karmon kii hotii।)
Register: Literary -- Mood: Counterfactual -- Aspect: Habitual -- Voice: Active
अपने अहंकार की फ़सल आखिरकार उसे तनहाई के रूप में काटनी पड़ी। In the end, he had to reap the harvest of his own arrogance in the form of loneliness.
(apne ahankaar kii fasal aakhirkaar use tanahaaii ke roop men kaatnii padii।)
Register: Literary -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Perfective -- Tense: Past -- Voice: Active
समाज में फैलाई गई नफ़रत की फ़सल किसी दिन पूरे देश को काटनी पड़ेगी। Some day the whole country will have to reap the harvest of the hatred spread in society.
(samaaj men phailaaii gaii nafrat kii fasal kisii din poore desh ko kaatnii padegii।)
Register: Formal -- Mood: Indicative -- Tense: Future -- Voice: Passive
Morphology
Noun
(sg.f.direct): फ़सल (fasal)
(sg.f.oblique): फ़सल (fasal)
(pl.f.direct): फ़सलें (faslen)
(pl.f.oblique): फ़सलों (faslon)