बरतन (bartan)

noun A concrete, everyday noun meaning 'utensil(s)/dish(es),' almost always encountered in household contexts like cooking and washing up. Single sense; also spelled बर्तन (bartan), which is actually the more common spelling in print.
Sense 1 : utensil, vessel, dish (kitchenware)
noun, masculine
Synonyms: बर्तन (bartan, variant spelling, more common in print)
Frequency: high
Cultural Note: Ask almost any Indian kid about their least favorite chore and they'll groan about बरतन धोना (bartan dhonaa, 'washing the dishes') -- it's the classic household task, right up there with sweeping. In many homes you'll also hear बरतन साफ़ करना (bartan saaf karnaa, 'to clean the utensils') for the same idea. The word covers everything from a steel कटोरी (katorii, 'small bowl') to a big भारी बरतन (bhaarii bartan, 'heavy pot/vessel') used for cooking.
Common Mistakes: 1) Learners often use the singular बरतन (bartan) when they mean the whole set of dishes to be washed; native speakers usually say बरतन धोना (bartan dhonaa, 'to wash the dishes') treating it as a collective plural rather than one item, similar to English 'dishes.' 2) Don't confuse with प्याला (pyaalaa, 'cup') or थाली (thaalii, 'plate'), which name specific pieces -- बरतन (bartan) is the general category word covering pots, pans, plates, and cups alike.
Sample Sentences:
रोज़ रात को खाने के बाद बरतन धोने पड़ते हैं। Every night after dinner, the dishes have to be washed.
(roz raat ko khaane ke baad bartan dhone padte hain।)
Register: Casual -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Habitual -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Active
माँ रसोई में बरतन साफ़ कर रही हैं। Mom is cleaning the utensils in the kitchen.
(maan rasoii men bartan saaf kar rahii hain।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Continuous -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Active
कल रात मैंने सारे बरतन धो दिए थे। Last night I had washed all the dishes.
(kal raat mainne saare bartan dho die the।)
Register: Casual -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Perfective -- Tense: Past -- Voice: Active
तुम बरतन धो दो, मैं खाना बना लेती हूँ। You wash the dishes, I'll make the food.
(tum bartan dho do, main khaanaa banaa letii hoon।)
Register: Casual -- Mood: Imperative -- Voice: Active
अगर तुम बरतन धो देते तो मुझे इतनी देर नहीं होती। If you had washed the dishes, I wouldn't have been this late.
(agar tum bartan dho dete to mujhe itnii der nahiin hotii।)
Register: Casual -- Mood: Counterfactual -- Aspect: Perfective -- Voice: Active
इस भारी बरतन को अकेले उठाना मुश्किल है। It's hard to lift this heavy vessel alone.
(is bhaarii bartan ko akele uthaanaa mushkil hai।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Indicative -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Active
बरतन शेल्फ़ पर करीने से रखे हैं। The utensils are arranged neatly on the shelf.
(bartan shelf par kariine se rakhe hain।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Perfective -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Passive
शादी के लिए नए बरतन खरीदे जा रहे हैं। New utensils are being bought for the wedding.
(shaadii ke lie nae bartan khariide jaa rahe hain।)
Register: Formal -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Continuous -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Passive
एक कटोरी और दो गिलास भी बरतन में गिने जाते हैं। A small bowl and two glasses also count as utensils.
(ek katorii aur do gilaas bhii bartan men gine jaate hain।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Habitual -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Passive
काश आज बरतन धोने की बारी मेरी न होती। I wish it weren't my turn to wash the dishes today.
(kaash aaj bartan dhone kii baarii merii n hotii।)
Register: Casual -- Mood: Subjunctive -- Voice: Active
क्या तुम खाने के बाद बरतन साफ़ कर दोगे? Will you clean the utensils after eating?
(kyaa tum khaane ke baad bartan saaf kar doge?)
Register: Casual -- Mood: Indicative -- Tense: Future -- Voice: Active
Morphology
Noun
(sg.m.direct): बरतन (bartan)
(sg.m.oblique): बरतन (bartan)
(pl.m.direct): बरतन (bartan)
(pl.m.oblique): बरतनों (baratnon)