क्रिया (kriyaa)

noun Primarily the grammar term 'verb' (kriyaa); also carries a broader, more literary sense of 'action, deed, ritual act' rooted in the same Sanskrit source.
Sense 1 : verb (grammatical term)
noun, feminine
Frequency: medium
Cultural Note: This is the word you will hear constantly if you ever discuss Hindi grammar with a teacher: सकर्मक क्रिया (sakarmak kriyaa, 'transitive verb') and अकर्मक क्रिया (akarmak kriyaa, 'intransitive verb') are the standard terms for exactly the distinction you have already been learning. It comes from the same Sanskrit root as कृ (kri, 'to do'), which also gives us कर्म (karm) and करना (karnaa).
Common Mistakes: 1) Learners sometimes confuse क्रिया (kriyaa) with कर्म (karm) because both can loosely mean 'action' in English -- but in any grammar context (verb tenses, conjugation, sentence structure) क्रिया (kriyaa) is the only correct word, never कर्म (karm). 2) क्रिया (kriyaa) itself is not the verb's dictionary form -- it is the category label; a specific verb like खाना (khaanaa) is called 'एक क्रिया' (ek kriyaa, 'a verb'), not referred to by its own name as 'क्रिया'.
Sample Sentences:
हिंदी में क्रिया वाक्य के अंत में आती है। In Hindi, the verb comes at the end of the sentence.
(hindii men kriyaa vaaky ke ant men aatii hai।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Habitual -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Active
यह एक सकर्मक क्रिया है, इसलिए इसे कर्म की ज़रूरत होती है। This is a transitive verb, so it needs an object.
(yah ek sakarmak kriyaa hai, islie ise karm kii zaroorat hotii hai।)
Register: Formal -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Habitual -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Active
टीचर ने पूछा कि इस वाक्य में क्रिया कौन सी है। The teacher asked which word in this sentence is the verb.
(tiichar ne poochhaa ki is vaaky men kriyaa kaun sii hai।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Perfective -- Tense: Past -- Voice: Active
अकर्मक क्रिया को कर्म की आवश्यकता नहीं होती। An intransitive verb does not require an object.
(akarmak kriyaa ko karm kii aavashyaktaa nahiin hotii।)
Register: Formal -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Habitual -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Active
इस वाक्य में क्रिया को रेखांकित करो। Underline the verb in this sentence.
(is vaaky men kriyaa ko rekhaankit karo।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Imperative -- Voice: Active
अगर तुम क्रिया की पहचान करना सीख जाओ, तो व्याकरण आसान लगेगा। If you learn to identify the verb, grammar will seem easy.
(agar tum kriyaa kii pahchaan karnaa siikh jaao, to vyaakran aasaan lagegaa।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Subjunctive -- Tense: Future -- Voice: Active
काश मुझे स्कूल में क्रिया और कर्म का फ़र्क अच्छे से समझाया गया होता। I wish the difference between the verb and the object had been explained to me properly in school.
(kaash mujhe skool men kriyaa aur karm kaa fark achchhe se samjhaayaa gayaa hotaa।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Counterfactual -- Aspect: Perfective -- Voice: Passive
इस पाठ में हर क्रिया की जड़ बताई गई है। The root of every verb is given in this lesson.
(is paath men har kriyaa kii jad bataaii gaii hai।)
Register: Formal -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Perfective -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Passive
व्याकरण की किताब में क्रिया के कई रूप दिए गए हैं। Several forms of the verb are given in the grammar book.
(vyaakran kii kitaab men kriyaa ke kaii roop die gae hain।)
Register: Formal -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Perfective -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Passive
संस्कृत व्याकरण में क्रिया के विश्लेषण की एक समृद्ध परंपरा रही है। There has been a rich tradition of verb analysis in Sanskrit grammar.
(sanskrit vyaakran men kriyaa ke vishleshan kii ek samriddh parampraa rahii hai।)
Register: Literary -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Perfective -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Active
Sense 2 : action, deed, or ritual act
noun, feminine
Synonyms: कर्म (karm), काम (kaam), कार्य (kaary, formal)
Frequency: low
Cultural Note: In everyday conversation you are far more likely to say काम (kaam) for 'work/task' or कर्म (karm) for 'deed' in a moral or karmic sense; क्रिया (kriyaa) in this broader sense leans formal or ritual, showing up in phrases about religious rites (क्रिया-कर्म, kriyaa-karm, 'funeral/death rites') more than in casual chat.
Sample Sentences:
अंतिम संस्कार की क्रिया पूरे विधि-विधान से की गई। The last rites were performed with full ritual procedure.
(antim sanskaar kii kriyaa poore vidhi-vidhaan se kii gaii।)
Register: Formal -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Perfective -- Tense: Past -- Voice: Passive
पिता की मृत्यु के बाद पुत्र को क्रिया-कर्म करना पड़ा। After the father's death, the son had to perform the funeral rites.
(pitaa kii mrityu ke baad putr ko kriyaa-karm karnaa padaa।)
Register: Formal -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Perfective -- Tense: Past -- Voice: Active
पंडित जी ने कहा कि यह क्रिया शुभ मुहूर्त में ही होनी चाहिए। The priest said that this rite should only be performed at an auspicious hour.
(pandit jii ne kahaa ki yah kriyaa shubh muhoort men hii honii chaahie।)
Register: Formal -- Mood: Subjunctive -- Tense: Past -- Voice: Active
हर धार्मिक क्रिया का अपना विशेष महत्व होता है। Every religious act has its own particular significance.
(har dhaarmik kriyaa kaa apnaa vishesh mahatv hotaa hai।)
Register: Formal -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Habitual -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Active
यदि क्रिया ठीक से न की जाए तो अनुष्ठान अधूरा माना जाता है। If the ritual act is not performed properly, the ceremony is considered incomplete.
(yadi kriyaa thiik se n kii jaae to anushthaan adhooraa maanaa jaataa hai।)
Register: Formal -- Mood: Subjunctive -- Voice: Passive
यह क्रिया कई पीढ़ियों से इसी तरह निभाई जाती रही है। This ritual act has been carried out this same way for many generations.
(yah kriyaa kaii piidhiyon se isii tarah nibhaaii jaatii rahii hai।)
Register: Literary -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Continuous -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Passive
गुरुजी ने शिष्य को क्रिया का सही क्रम समझाया। The teacher explained to the disciple the correct sequence of the ritual act.
(gurujii ne shishy ko kriyaa kaa sahii kram samjhaayaa।)
Register: Formal -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Perfective -- Tense: Past -- Voice: Active
शास्त्रों में हर क्रिया के पीछे एक गहरा अर्थ छिपा है। In the scriptures, a deep meaning lies hidden behind every ritual action.
(shaastron men har kriyaa ke piichhe ek gahraa arth chhipaa hai।)
Register: Literary -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Perfective -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Active
Morphology
Noun
(sg.f.direct): क्रिया (kriyaa)
(sg.f.oblique): क्रिया (kriyaa)
(pl.f.direct): क्रियाएँ (kriyaaen)
(pl.f.oblique): क्रियाओं (kriyaaon)