खोया (khoyaa)
verb/noun
Two distinct words that happen to share a spelling: the past-participle form of खोना (khonaa, 'to lose') used in perfective/compound verb constructions, and an unrelated noun meaning the thickened milk solid used in Indian sweets.
Sense
1
:
lost (past participle of 'to lose')
verb, transitive This is the masculine singular perfective form of खोना (khonaa); it appears in sentences like मैंने अपना पैसा खोया (mainne apnaa paisaa khoyaa, 'I lost my money') and is also common in the compound/reflexive sense खो जाना (kho jaanaa, 'to become lost'), where खोया (khoyaa) appears as खोया हुआ (khoyaa huaa, 'lost/misplaced') describing a state.
Synonyms: गुम किया (gum kiyaa), गँवाया (ganvaayaa)
Frequency: high
Cultural Note: You'll hear खोया हुआ (khoyaa huaa) constantly in everyday complaints -- खोया हुआ फोन (khoyaa huaa phon, 'a lost phone') is practically a national pastime of conversation in Delhi markets and metro stations.
Common Mistakes: 1) Learners often confuse this खोया (khoyaa) with the milk-sweet noun खोया (khoyaa) -- context (a verb following a subject and object versus a noun after a quantity word or in a sweet shop) is the only way to tell them apart. 2) खो जाना (kho jaanaa) is intransitive ('to get lost') while खोना (khonaa) alone is transitive ('to lose something') -- मैं खो गया (main kho gayaa, 'I got lost') versus मैंने उसे खोया (mainne use khoyaa, 'I lost him/her') take very different subject marking.
Sample Sentences:
मेरा फोन खो गया।
My phone got lost.
(meraa phon kho gayaa।)
यह मेरा खोया हुआ फोन है, किसी ने मुझे लौटा दिया।
This is my lost phone -- someone returned it to me.
(yah meraa khoyaa huaa phon hai, kisii ne mujhe lautaa diyaa।)
स्टेशन पर एक खोया हुआ बच्चा रो रहा था।
A lost child was crying at the station.
(steshan par ek khoyaa huaa bachchaa ro rahaa thaa।)
क्या तुमने अपना बैग खो दिया है?
Have you lost your bag?
(kyaa tumne apnaa baig kho diyaa hai?)
अगर मेरा पासपोर्ट खो जाता, तो मैं बहुत परेशान हो जाता।
If my passport had gotten lost, I would have been very worried.
(agar meraa paasport kho jaataa, to main bahut pareshaan ho jaataa।)
मेट्रो स्टेशन पर हर दिन कोई न कोई सामान खोया हुआ मिलता है।
Every day at the metro station, some lost item or other turns up.
(metro steshan par har din koii n koii saamaan khoyaa huaa miltaa hai।)
कृपया इस खोए हुए फोन को पुलिस स्टेशन में जमा करवाएँ।
Please deposit this lost phone at the police station.
(kripyaa is khoe hue phon ko pulis steshan men jamaa karvaaen।)
उसकी खोई हुई अंगूठी आखिरकार बाज़ार में मिल गई।
Her lost ring was finally found in the market.
(uskii khoii huii angoothii aakhirkaar baazaar men mil gaii।)
शायद वह अपना रास्ता खो चुका हो।
Maybe he has already lost his way.
(shaayad vah apnaa raastaa kho chukaa ho।)
खोया हुआ सामान वापस पाने के लिए यह फॉर्म भरना पड़ेगा।
To get lost belongings back, you'll have to fill out this form.
(khoyaa huaa saamaan vaapas paane ke lie yah phorm bharnaa padegaa।)
चांदनी चौक में खोया हुआ पर्स ढूँढना नामुमकिन जैसा है।
Finding a lost purse in Chandni Chowk feels almost impossible.
(chaandnii chauk men khoyaa huaa pars dhoondhnaa naamumkin jaisaa hai।)
Sense
2
:
khoya (dried thickened milk solid used in sweets)
noun, masculine
Synonyms: मावा (maavaa, regional variant used more in some sweets)
Frequency: medium
Cultural Note: Khoya (khoyaa) is the soul of North Indian mithai (mithaaii, 'sweets') like gujiya (gujiyaa) and peda (pedaa) -- around Diwali, halwai (halvaaii, 'sweet-maker') shops in old Delhi neighborhoods are stacked high with fresh khoya, and its richness (or adulteration, sadly a real market worry) is a favorite topic of kitchen gossip.
Common Mistakes: 1) This noun is unrelated in meaning to the verb form खोया (khoyaa) despite identical spelling -- a sentence like हलवाई ने खोया मिलाया (halvaaii ne khoyaa milaayaa, 'the sweet-maker mixed in khoya') is about the milk solid, not about losing anything.
Sample Sentences:
दिवाली पर हलवाई की दुकान में ताज़ा खोया ढेर लगा रहता है।
At Diwali, the halwai's shop has heaps of fresh khoya piled up.
(divaalii par halvaaii kii dukaan men taazaa khoyaa dher lagaa rahtaa hai।)
माँ ने गुजिया के लिए आधा किलो खोया खरीदा।
Mother bought half a kilo of khoya for the gujiya.
(maan ne gujiyaa ke lie aadhaa kilo khoyaa khariidaa।)
पेड़ा बनाने के लिए खोया धीमी आँच पर भूना जा रहा है।
The khoya is being roasted on a low flame to make peda.
(pedaa banaane ke lie khoyaa dhiimii aanch par bhoonaa jaa rahaa hai।)
बाज़ार में मिलावटी खोया भी बिकता है, इसलिए संभल कर खरीदो।
Adulterated khoya is also sold in the market, so buy it carefully.
(baazaar men milaavtii khoyaa bhii biktaa hai, islie sambhal kar khariido।)
अगर खोया असली होता, तो मिठाई इतनी महक नहीं मारती।
If the khoya were genuine, the sweets wouldn't smell so off.
(agar khoyaa aslii hotaa, to mithaaii itnii mahak nahiin maartii।)
क्या तुमने कभी घर पर खोया बनाया है?
Have you ever made khoya at home?
(kyaa tumne kabhii ghar par khoyaa banaayaa hai?)
अच्छा खोया दूध को घंटों उबालने से बनता है।
Good khoya is made by boiling milk for hours.
(achchhaa khoyaa doodh ko ghanton ubaalne se bantaa hai।)
त्योहारों के मौसम में खोया की कीमत अचानक बढ़ जाती है।
During festival season, the price of khoya suddenly shoots up.
(tyohaaron ke mausam men khoyaa kii kiimat achaanak badh jaatii hai।)
क्या इस पेड़े में खोया कम और मैदा ज़्यादा तो नहीं मिला?
Could it be that this peda has less khoya and more flour mixed in?
(kyaa is pede men khoyaa kam aur maidaa zyaadaa to nahiin milaa?)
पुरानी दिल्ली के हलवाई शुद्ध खोया पहचानने का हुनर रखते हैं।
The halwais of Old Delhi have the skill to recognize pure khoya.
(puraanii dillii ke halvaaii shuddh khoyaa pahchaanne kaa hunar rakhte hain।)
Morphology
Verb
infinitive:
खोया
(khoyaa)
infinitive oblique:
खोयने
(khoyne)
habitual/simple (sg.m):
खोयता
(khoytaa)
habitual/simple (pl.m):
खोयते
(khoyte)
habitual/simple (sg.f):
खोयती
(khoytii)
habitual/simple (pl.f):
खोयतीं
(khoytiin)
continuous (sg.m):
खोय रहा
(khoy rahaa)
continuous (pl.m):
खोय रहे
(khoy rahe)
continuous (sg.f):
खोय रही
(khoy rahii)
continuous (pl.f):
खोय रहीं
(khoy rahiin)
perfective (sg.m):
खोया
(khoyaa)
perfective (pl.m):
खोये
(khoye)
perfective (sg.f):
खोयी
(khoyii)
perfective (pl.f):
खोयीं
(khoyiin)
imperative (informal):
खोय
(khoy)
imperative (neutral):
खोयो
(khoyo)
imperative (formal):
खोयिए
(khoyie)
future (1sg.m):
खोयूँगा
(khoyoongaa)
future (1sg.f):
खोयूँगी
(khoyoongii)
future (1pl.m):
खोयेंगे
(khoyenge)
future (1pl.f):
खोयेंगी
(khoyengii)
future (2sg.m):
खोयेगा
(khoyegaa)
future (2sg.f):
खोयेगी
(khoyegii)
future (2pl.m):
खोयोगे
(khoyoge)
future (2pl.f):
खोयोगी
(khoyogii)
future (3sg.m):
खोयेगा
(khoyegaa)
future (3sg.f):
खोयेगी
(khoyegii)
future (3pl.m):
खोयेंगे
(khoyenge)
future (3pl.f):
खोयेंगी
(khoyengii)
subjunctive (1sg):
खोयूँ
(khoyoon)
subjunctive (1pl):
खोयें
(khoyen)
subjunctive (2sg):
खोये
(khoye)
subjunctive (2pl):
खोयो
(khoyo)
subjunctive (3sg):
खोये
(khoye)
subjunctive (3pl):
खोयें
(khoyen)
Noun
(sg.m.direct):
खोया
(khoyaa)
(sg.m.oblique):
खोये
(khoye)
(pl.m.direct):
खोये
(khoye)
(pl.m.oblique):
खोयों
(khoyon)