अनुमान (anumaan)

noun A noun meaning 'estimate' or 'guess' -- covers both a rough numerical estimate and a general guess/assumption about something uncertain.
Sense 1 : guess, assumption
noun, masculine Commonly used with लगाना (lagaanaa) as अनुमान लगाना (anumaan lagaanaa, 'to make a guess') and with होना (honaa) to mean 'to have a hunch/suspicion'.
Synonyms: अंदाज़ा (andaazaa), कल्पना (kalpnaa, guess/imagination, less exact)
Frequency: high
Cultural Note: अंदाज़ा (andaazaa) is the word you will hear far more often in casual Delhi conversation -- 'ज़रा अंदाज़ा लगाओ' (zaraa andaazaa lagaao, 'just take a guess') -- while अनुमान (anumaan) feels a notch more considered or written, the kind of word a teacher or newsreader reaches for.
Common Mistakes: 1) Learners often say अनुमान करना (anumaan karnaa) by analogy with English 'to make a guess,' but the natural verb pairing is अनुमान लगाना (anumaan lagaanaa); करना (karnaa) sounds off to native ears here. 2) मुझे अनुमान है (mujhe anumaan hai, 'I have a hunch') uses a को-marked (dative) subject, not मैं (main) as subject -- learners used to English 'I guess' often default to the wrong subject case.
Sample Sentences:
मेरा अनुमान है कि वह जल्दी ही आ जाएगा। My guess is that he will come soon.
(meraa anumaan hai ki vah jaldii hii aa jaaegaa।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Habitual -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Active
शिक्षक ने पूछा कि इस कहानी का अंत क्या हो सकता है, और छात्रों ने अपने-अपने अनुमान बताए। The teacher asked what the ending of this story could be, and the students each shared their own guesses.
(shikshak ne poochhaa ki is kahaanii kaa ant kyaa ho saktaa hai, aur chhaatron ne apne-apne anumaan bataae।)
Register: Formal -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Perfective -- Tense: Past -- Voice: Active
अगर मुझे पहले पता होता, तो मैं ऐसा अनुमान न लगाता। If I had known earlier, I would not have made such a guess.
(agar mujhe pahle pataa hotaa, to main aisaa anumaan n lagaataa।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Counterfactual -- Aspect: Habitual -- Voice: Active
समाचार वाचक ने कहा कि यह केवल एक अनुमान है, कोई पुष्टि नहीं हुई है। The newsreader said that this is only a guess, no confirmation has been received.
(samaachaar vaachak ne kahaa ki yah keval ek anumaan hai, koii pushti nahiin huii hai।)
Register: Formal -- Mood: Indicative -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Passive
विद्वानों का अनुमान है कि यह ग्रंथ हजारों वर्ष पुराना है। Scholars' assumption is that this text is thousands of years old.
(vidvaanon kaa anumaan hai ki yah granth hajaaron varsh puraanaa hai।)
Register: Literary -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Habitual -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Active
काश मेरा अनुमान सही निकलता। I wish my guess had turned out to be correct.
(kaash meraa anumaan sahii nikaltaa।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Subjunctive -- Aspect: Habitual -- Voice: Active
कृपया केवल अनुमान के आधार पर कोई निर्णय मत लीजिए। Please do not make any decision based merely on assumption.
(kripyaa keval anumaan ke aadhaar par koii nirnay mat liijie।)
Register: Formal -- Mood: Imperative -- Voice: Active
उसका अनुमान था कि परीक्षा टल जाएगी, पर ऐसा नहीं हुआ। His assumption was that the exam would be postponed, but that didn't happen.
(uskaa anumaan thaa ki pariikshaa tal jaaegii, par aisaa nahiin huaa।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Indicative -- Tense: Past -- Voice: Active
यह मात्र अनुमान की बात है, इसका कोई ठोस प्रमाण नहीं मिला। This is merely a matter of guesswork; no solid evidence for it has been found.
(yah maatr anumaan kii baat hai, iskaa koii thos pramaan nahiin milaa।)
Register: Formal -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Perfective -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Active
क्या तुम्हें कोई अनुमान है कि वह ऐसा क्यों कर रहा है? Do you have any guess as to why he is doing this?
(kyaa tumhen koii anumaan hai ki vah aisaa kyon kar rahaa hai?)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Continuous -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Active
विशेषज्ञों का अनुमान है कि आने वाले वर्षों में जलवायु और भी बदलेगी। Experts' assumption is that the climate will change even more in the coming years.
(visheshgyon kaa anumaan hai ki aane vaale varshon men jalvaayu aur bhii badlegii।)
Register: Formal -- Mood: Indicative -- Tense: Future -- Voice: Active
Sense 2 : estimate (numerical/quantitative)
noun, masculine Used in contexts like budgets, distances, or quantities: अनुमान के अनुसार (anumaan ke anusaar, 'according to estimates').
Synonyms: आकलन (aaklan, more formal/technical)
Frequency: medium
Cultural Note: You will hear this sense a lot in news reports and government contexts -- 'सरकारी अनुमान के मुताबिक' (sarkaarii anumaan ke mutaabik, 'according to government estimates') is a very common phrase in Hindi journalism.
Sample Sentences:
सरकारी अनुमान के मुताबिक इस साल महंगाई और बढ़ेगी। According to government estimates, inflation will rise further this year.
(sarkaarii anumaan ke mutaabik is saal mahangaaii aur badhegii।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Indicative -- Tense: Future -- Voice: Active
इस परियोजना की लागत का अनुमान लगाया जा रहा है। An estimate of this project's cost is being made.
(is pariyojnaa kii laagat kaa anumaan lagaayaa jaa rahaa hai।)
Register: Formal -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Continuous -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Passive
पिछले साल के अनुमान से इस बार उत्पादन कम रहा। Production this time was lower than last year's estimate.
(pichhle saal ke anumaan se is baar utpaadan kam rahaa।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Perfective -- Tense: Past -- Voice: Active
विशेषज्ञों ने बाढ़ से हुए नुकसान का अनुमान पेश किया। Experts presented an estimate of the damage caused by the flood.
(visheshgyon ne baadh se hue nuksaan kaa anumaan pesh kiyaa।)
Register: Formal -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Perfective -- Tense: Past -- Voice: Active
कृपया इस काम के लिए अपना अनुमान जल्द से जल्द भेजें। Please send your estimate for this work as soon as possible.
(kripyaa is kaam ke lie apnaa anumaan jald se jald bhejen।)
Register: Formal -- Mood: Imperative -- Voice: Active
अगर बजट का अनुमान सही होता तो योजना अटकती नहीं। If the budget estimate had been correct, the plan wouldn't have gotten stuck.
(agar bajat kaa anumaan sahii hotaa to yojnaa ataktii nahiin।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Counterfactual -- Aspect: Habitual -- Voice: Active
जनगणना विभाग हर दस साल में जनसंख्या का अनुमान तैयार करता है। The census department prepares a population estimate every ten years.
(jangannaa vibhaag har das saal men jansankhyaa kaa anumaan taiyaar kartaa hai।)
Register: Formal -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Habitual -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Active
क्या यह अनुमान वास्तविक आंकड़ों से मेल खाएगा? Will this estimate match the actual figures?
(kyaa yah anumaan vaastvik aankdon se mel khaaegaa?)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Indicative -- Tense: Future -- Voice: Active
आर्थिक सर्वेक्षण में विकास दर का जो अनुमान दिया गया है, वह उत्साहजनक है। The growth rate estimate given in the economic survey is encouraging.
(aarthik sarvekshan men vikaas dar kaa jo anumaan diyaa gayaa hai, vah utsaahajnak hai।)
Register: Formal -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Perfective -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Passive
मंत्रालय ने राजस्व का जो अनुमान लगाया था, वह गलत निकला। The revenue estimate the ministry had made turned out to be wrong.
(mantraalay ne raajasv kaa jo anumaan lagaayaa thaa, vah galat niklaa।)
Register: Formal -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Perfective -- Tense: Past -- Voice: Active
Morphology
Noun
(sg.m.direct): अनुमान (anumaan)
(sg.m.oblique): अनुमान (anumaan)
(pl.m.direct): अनुमान (anumaan)
(pl.m.oblique): अनुमानों (anumaanon)