हद (had)
noun/interjection
A feminine noun meaning 'limit' or 'boundary,' whose main life for a learner is in fixed everyday phrases -- हद है (had hai) as an exclamation of exasperation, and हद तक (had tak) to mean 'to an extent.'
Sense
1
:
limit, boundary
noun, feminine
Synonyms: सीमा (siimaa), सरहद (sarahad, border sense)
Frequency: high
Cultural Note: You will hear हद (had) constantly in Delhi households and traffic jams alike -- यह तो हद है (yah to had hai, 'this is really too much') is a classic line when someone's patience runs out. It pairs naturally with पार करना (paar karnaa, 'to cross') in हद पार करना (had paar karnaa, 'to cross the line'), a vivid image of someone overstepping a boundary.
Common Mistakes: 1) Learners often reach for सीमा (siimaa) in every context, but हद (had) is the word native speakers actually use in everyday exasperated or exclamatory speech -- सीमा (siimaa) sounds more formal or geographic. 2) In the sense of 'to a certain extent,' the fixed phrase is एक हद तक (ek had tak, 'to a certain extent'), not a literal word-for-word translation of 'extent.'
Sample Sentences:
हर चीज़ की एक हद होती है।
Every thing has a limit.
(har chiiz kii ek had hotii hai।)
उसने आज हद पार कर दी।
He crossed the line today.
(usne aaj had paar kar dii।)
यह तो हद है, अब और बर्दाश्त नहीं होगा।
This is really too much, I can't tolerate it anymore.
(yah to had hai, ab aur bardaasht nahiin hogaa।)
कृपया अपनी हद में रहें।
Please stay within your limits.
(kripyaa apnii had men rahen।)
अगर वह हद पार करता, तो मुझे गुस्सा आ जाता।
If he had crossed the line, I would have gotten angry.
(agar vah had paar kartaa, to mujhe gussaa aa jaataa।)
शायद उसकी सहनशक्ति की भी कोई हद हो।
Maybe even his patience has some limit.
(shaayad uskii sahanshakti kii bhii koii had ho।)
इस शहर की सीमाओं की भी एक हद तय की गई है।
A limit has also been fixed for this city's boundaries.
(is shahar kii siimaaon kii bhii ek had tay kii gaii hai।)
बच्चे शरारत करते हैं, पर आज तो हद ही हो गई।
Kids misbehave, but today it really went beyond all limits.
(bachche sharaarat karte hain, par aaj to had hii ho gaii।)
क्या तुम्हें अपनी हदों का ज़रा भी अंदाज़ा है?
Do you have any idea of your own limits?
(kyaa tumhen apnii hadon kaa zaraa bhii andaazaa hai?)
ट्रैफिक में लोग रोज़ अपनी हद भूल जाते हैं।
People forget their limits every day in traffic.
(traiphik men log roz apnii had bhool jaate hain।)
प्रेम और त्याग की भी कोई हद नहीं होती।
Love and sacrifice too have no limit.
(prem aur tyaag kii bhii koii had nahiin hotii।)
Sense
2
:
exclamation of exasperation/disbelief
interjection Used as a short standalone exclamation, typically हद है! (had hai!, 'that's too much!') or हद हो गई! (had ho gaii!, 'that's gone too far!'), reacting to someone's behavior or a situation.
Synonyms: हद है (had hai), हद हो गई (had ho gaii, stronger/completed version)
Frequency: high
Cultural Note: Picture an aunty watching a neighbor's kid misbehave for the tenth time and muttering हद है! (had hai!) under her breath -- it's the verbal equivalent of throwing your hands up. This use is so common it almost feels like its own word, distinct from the literal noun sense.
Common Mistakes: 1) This is not used to describe a physical limit in this exclamatory form -- it is purely emotional, expressing shock, annoyance, or disbelief at someone's audacity or a ridiculous situation.
Sample Sentences:
हद है!
That's too much!
(had hai!)
यह तो हद हो गई!
Now that's really too much!
(yah to had ho gaii!)
अरे, हद है यार, फिर लेट आया!
Oh come on, unbelievable, he's late again!
(are, had hai yaar, phir let aayaa!)
हद हो गई इस लड़के की!
This boy has crossed all limits!
(had ho gaii is ladke kii!)
क्या हद है, बार-बार वही गलती!
Unbelievable, the same mistake over and over!
(kyaa had hai, baar-baar vahii galtii!)
अगर वह फिर झूठ बोलेगा तो सच में हद हो जाएगी।
If he lies again, that will really be the last straw.
(agar vah phir jhooth bolegaa to sach men had ho jaaegii।)
उसने खाना छोड़ दिया, हद है!
He left his food untouched, honestly, that's too much!
(usne khaanaa chhod diyaa, had hai!)
माफ़ कीजिए, पर यह तो हद हो गई, आपने वादा तोड़ दिया।
Excuse me, but this really is too much, you broke your promise.
(maaf kiijie, par yah to had ho gaii, aapne vaadaa tod diyaa।)
हद है, ऐसा भी कोई करता है क्या!
Unbelievable, who even does something like that!
(had hai, aisaa bhii koii kartaa hai kyaa!)
हद है, इतनी देर से बुला रहे थे और अब आया है।
That's too much, we were calling him for so long and now he shows up.
(had hai, itnii der se bulaa rahe the aur ab aayaa hai।)
हद है, इस मौसम में भी बिजली चली गई!
Unbelievable, the power went out even in this weather!
(had hai, is mausam men bhii bijlii chalii gaii!)
Morphology
Noun
(sg.f.direct):
हद
(had)
(sg.f.oblique):
हद
(had)
(pl.f.direct):
हदें
(haden)
(pl.f.oblique):
हदों
(hadon)