दिल (dil)

noun Primarily 'heart' as the seat of emotion, feeling, and desire (not the anatomical organ, which is दिल too but mostly appears in this emotional sense); a rich source of idioms around love, courage, and mood.
Sense 1 : heart (seat of emotion/feeling)
noun, masculine
Synonyms: हृदय (hriday, formal), जिगर (jigar, literary)
Frequency: high
Cultural Note: दिल (dil) is everywhere in Bollywood song titles and everyday talk -- दिल टूटना (dil tootnaa, heart to break) for heartbreak, दिल लगना (dil lagnaa, for the heart to become attached) for falling for someone or something. It carries the emotional and romantic weight that 'heart' does in English, sometimes even more so.
Common Mistakes: 1) Learners often reach for हृदय (hriday) in speech, but दिल (dil) is what people actually say in conversation about feelings, love, and mood -- हृदय (hriday) sounds bookish or medical. 2) दिल (dil) is masculine, so possessives and adjectives agree accordingly: मेरा दिल (meraa dil, my heart), not मेरी दिल.
Sample Sentences:
मेरा दिल टूट गया। My heart broke.
(meraa dil toot gayaa।)
Register: Casual -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Perfective -- Tense: Past -- Voice: Active
उसका दिल मुझ पर आ गया है। Her heart has fallen for me.
(uskaa dil mujh par aa gayaa hai।)
Register: Casual -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Perfective -- Tense: Past -- Voice: Active
मेरा दिल उसके लिए धड़कता है। My heart beats for her.
(meraa dil uske lie dhadaktaa hai।)
Register: Literary -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Habitual -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Active
अगर तुम मुझसे यह बात छिपाते तो मेरा दिल और भी दुखता। If you had hidden this from me, my heart would have hurt even more.
(agar tum mujhse yah baat chhipaate to meraa dil aur bhii dukhtaa।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Counterfactual -- Aspect: Habitual -- Voice: Active
उसकी बातों से मेरा दिल छलनी हो गया। Her words pierced my heart through and through.
(uskii baaton se meraa dil chhalnii ho gayaa।)
Register: Literary -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Perfective -- Tense: Past -- Voice: Active
अपना दिल किसी और को मत दो, वरना पछताओगे। Don't give your heart to someone else, or you'll regret it.
(apnaa dil kisii aur ko mat do, varnaa pachhtaaoge।)
Register: Casual -- Mood: Imperative -- Voice: Active
काश मेरा दिल इतनी आसानी से न टूटता। I wish my heart didn't break so easily.
(kaash meraa dil itnii aasaanii se n toottaa।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Subjunctive -- Aspect: Habitual -- Voice: Active
उसकी शादी की खबर सुनकर उसका दिल बैठ गया। Hearing the news of her wedding, his heart sank.
(uskii shaadii kii khabar sunkar uskaa dil baith gayaa।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Perfective -- Tense: Past -- Voice: Active
यह गाना सुनकर दिल भर आता है। Hearing this song, the heart overflows with emotion.
(yah gaanaa sunkar dil bhar aataa hai।)
Register: Literary -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Habitual -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Active
जब भी वह याद आती है, दिल में एक टीस उठती है। Whenever I remember her, a pang rises in my heart.
(jab bhii vah yaad aatii hai, dil men ek tiis uthtii hai।)
Register: Literary -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Habitual -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Active
उसकी माफी से मेरा दिल पिघल गया। Her apology melted my heart.
(uskii maaphii se meraa dil pighal gayaa।)
Register: Casual -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Perfective -- Tense: Past -- Voice: Active
दिल तो दिल है, इसे समझाना मुश्किल है। The heart is the heart -- it's hard to reason with it.
(dil to dil hai, ise samjhaanaa mushkil hai।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Indicative -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Active
Sense 2 : courage, nerve, spirit
noun, masculine
Synonyms: हिम्मत (himmat), जिगरा (jigraa, colloquial)
Frequency: medium
Cultural Note: In phrases like दिल बड़ा करना (dil badaa karnaa, to make the heart big) meaning to steel yourself or be generous, and बड़े दिल का इंसान (bade dil kaa insaan, a person of big heart) for a generous or magnanimous person, दिल (dil) stands in for inner strength and largeness of spirit, much like 'heart' does in English expressions such as 'take heart' or 'a big heart.'
Sample Sentences:
उसमें इतना दिल नहीं था कि सच बोल सके। He didn't have enough courage to speak the truth.
(usmen itnaa dil nahiin thaa ki sach bol sake।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Indicative -- Tense: Past -- Voice: Active
दिल बड़ा करो और उसे माफ कर दो। Steel your heart and forgive him.
(dil badaa karo aur use maaph kar do।)
Register: Casual -- Mood: Imperative -- Voice: Active
वह बड़े दिल का इंसान है, कभी किसी की मदद से पीछे नहीं हटता। He is a big-hearted person -- he never shies away from helping anyone.
(vah bade dil kaa insaan hai, kabhii kisii kii madad se piichhe nahiin hattaa।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Habitual -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Active
अगर उसमें थोड़ा भी दिल होता तो वह मंच पर जाकर बोल पाता। If he had had even a little courage, he would have been able to go on stage and speak.
(agar usmen thodaa bhii dil hotaa to vah manch par jaakar bol paataa।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Counterfactual -- Aspect: Habitual -- Voice: Active
मुश्किल वक्त में दिल बड़ा रखना ही बड़ी बात है। Keeping your spirit strong in hard times is the real achievement.
(mushkil vakt men dil badaa rakhnaa hii badii baat hai।)
Register: Formal -- Mood: Indicative -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Active
क्या तुझमें इतना दिल है कि बॉस के सामने अपनी बात रख सके? Do you have the nerve to put your point across in front of the boss?
(kyaa tujhmen itnaa dil hai ki bos ke saamne apnii baat rakh sake?)
Register: Casual -- Mood: Indicative -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Active
काश मुझमें इतना दिल होता कि मैं उससे माफी माँग लेता। I wish I had had the courage to apologize to him.
(kaash mujhmen itnaa dil hotaa ki main usse maaphii maang letaa।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Subjunctive -- Aspect: Habitual -- Voice: Active
उसने दिल बड़ा करके अपने दुश्मन को भी माफ कर दिया। He showed magnanimity and forgave even his enemy.
(usne dil badaa karke apne dushman ko bhii maaph kar diyaa।)
Register: Literary -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Perfective -- Tense: Past -- Voice: Active
इतना बड़ा फैसला लेने के लिए बहुत दिल चाहिए। Taking such a big decision requires a lot of nerve.
(itnaa badaa phaislaa lene ke lie bahut dil chaahie।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Indicative -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Active
सच कहूँ तो उस मुश्किल घड़ी में मेरा दिल जवाब दे गया था। To be honest, my nerve had failed me in that difficult moment.
(sach kahoon to us mushkil ghadii men meraa dil javaab de gayaa thaa।)
Register: Casual -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Perfective -- Tense: Past -- Voice: Active
Sense 3 : mind, inclination, mood (what one feels like doing)
noun, masculine Common in the pattern दिल करना (dil karnaa, for the heart/mind to feel like [doing something]) with a को-marked experiencer, e.g. मेरा दिल कर रहा है (meraa dil kar rahaa hai, I feel like [doing something]).
Synonyms: मन (man)
Frequency: high
Cultural Note: This sense treats the heart the way English treats 'the mind' when talking about whims and cravings -- दिल करना (dil karnaa) is what you say when you suddenly feel like eating golgappe or skipping work, no deep emotion required, just a passing urge.
Common Mistakes: 1) दिल करना (dil karnaa) overlaps heavily with मन करना (man karnaa) for 'feeling like' doing something -- both are correct and interchangeable in casual speech, so learners needn't treat them as different constructions.
Sample Sentences:
आज मेरा दिल नहीं कर रहा है दफ़्तर जाने का। Today I don't feel like going to the office.
(aaj meraa dil nahiin kar rahaa hai daftar jaane kaa।)
Register: Casual -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Continuous -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Active
मेरा दिल गोलगप्पे खाने का कर रहा है। I'm craving golgappe.
(meraa dil golgappe khaane kaa kar rahaa hai।)
Register: Casual -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Continuous -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Active
कल शाम को उसका दिल फ़िल्म देखने का किया। Yesterday evening he felt like watching a movie.
(kal shaam ko uskaa dil film dekhne kaa kiyaa।)
Register: Casual -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Perfective -- Tense: Past -- Voice: Active
पता नहीं क्यों, आज किसी काम में दिल नहीं लग रहा। I don't know why, but I'm just not in the mood for any work today.
(pataa nahiin kyon, aaj kisii kaam men dil nahiin lag rahaa।)
Register: Casual -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Continuous -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Active
अगर दिल करे तो चाय बना लो। If you feel like it, make some tea.
(agar dil kare to chaay banaa lo।)
Register: Casual -- Mood: Subjunctive -- Voice: Active
जब भी उसका दिल करता है, वह अचानक बाहर घूमने निकल जाता है। Whenever he feels like it, he suddenly goes out for a stroll.
(jab bhii uskaa dil kartaa hai, vah achaanak baahar ghoomne nikal jaataa hai।)
Register: Casual -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Habitual -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Active
अगर मेरा दिल करता तो मैं पार्टी में ज़रूर जाता। If I'd felt like it, I would definitely have gone to the party.
(agar meraa dil kartaa to main paartii men zaroor jaataa।)
Register: Casual -- Mood: Counterfactual -- Aspect: Habitual -- Voice: Active
इस गर्मी में ठंडी लस्सी पीने का दिल हो रहा है। In this heat, I feel like having a cold lassi.
(is garmii men thandii lassii piine kaa dil ho rahaa hai।)
Register: Casual -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Continuous -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Active
क्या तुम्हारा दिल आज बाज़ार जाने का है? Do you feel like going to the market today?
(kyaa tumhaaraa dil aaj baazaar jaane kaa hai?)
Register: Casual -- Mood: Indicative -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Active
सर, आज मेरा दिल मीटिंग में बैठने का नहीं है, अगर आप इजाज़त दें। Sir, I don't feel like sitting through the meeting today, if you'll permit.
(sar, aaj meraa dil miiting men baithne kaa nahiin hai, agar aap ijaazat den।)
Register: Formal -- Mood: Indicative -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Active
जो दिल करे वही खा लेना, कोई पाबंदी नहीं है। Eat whatever you feel like, there's no restriction.
(jo dil kare vahii khaa lenaa, koii paabandii nahiin hai।)
Register: Casual -- Mood: Imperative -- Voice: Active
Morphology
Noun
(sg.m.direct): दिल (dil)
(sg.m.oblique): दिल (dil)
(pl.m.direct): दिल (dil)
(pl.m.oblique): दिलों (dilon)