पहचान (pahchaan)

noun Mainly a feminine noun meaning 'identity/recognition,' closely tied to the verb पहचानना (pahchaannaa, 'to recognize'); one sense also functions as an idiom for having connections or influence.
Sense 1 : identity
noun, feminine
Synonyms: अस्मिता (asmitaa, formal), स्वरूप (svaroop, nature/identity, literary)
Frequency: high
Cultural Note: Used constantly in civic and personal contexts, from अपनी पहचान बनाना (apnii pahchaan banaanaa, 'to make one's own identity/name') to पहचान पत्र (pahchaan patr, 'ID card') -- the word covers both the abstract sense of selfhood and the bureaucratic sense of proof-of-identity.
Common Mistakes: 1) Learners often reach for परिचय (parichay) when they mean 'introduction' (of a person to another) rather than 'identity' -- पहचान (pahchaan) is the state or fact of being identifiable, while परिचय (parichay) is the act of introducing.
Sample Sentences:
हर इंसान को अपनी पहचान बनानी चाहिए। Every person should build their own identity.
(har insaan ko apnii pahchaan banaanii chaahie।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Subjunctive -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Active
मुझे बाहर निकलते वक्त पहचान पत्र साथ रखना पड़ता है। I have to carry my ID card whenever I go out.
(mujhe baahar nikalte vakt pahchaan patr saath rakhnaa padtaa hai।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Habitual -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Active
उसने बरसों की मेहनत से अपनी पहचान बनाई। He built his identity through years of hard work.
(usne barson kii mehnat se apnii pahchaan banaaii।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Perfective -- Tense: Past -- Voice: Active
अपनी पहचान भूल जाना सबसे बड़ी त्रासदी है। Forgetting one's own identity is the greatest tragedy.
(apnii pahchaan bhool jaanaa sabse badii traasdii hai।)
Register: Literary -- Mood: Indicative -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Active
अगर उसकी पहचान खतरे में होती, तो पुलिस उसे सुरक्षा देती। If his identity were in danger, the police would give him protection.
(agar uskii pahchaan khatre men hotii, to pulis use surakshaa detii।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Counterfactual -- Aspect: Habitual -- Voice: Active
कृपया अपना पहचान पत्र दिखाइए। Please show your ID card.
(kripyaa apnaa pahchaan patr dikhaaie।)
Register: Formal -- Mood: Imperative -- Voice: Active
आवेदन के साथ पहचान पत्र की प्रति जमा की जाएगी। A copy of the ID card will be submitted along with the application.
(aavedan ke saath pahchaan patr kii prati jamaa kii jaaegii।)
Register: Formal -- Mood: Indicative -- Tense: Future -- Voice: Passive
देश की सांस्कृतिक पहचान को बचाना हम सबकी जिम्मेदारी है। Protecting the country's cultural identity is the responsibility of all of us.
(desh kii saanskritik pahchaan ko bachaanaa ham sabkii jimmedaarii hai।)
Register: Formal -- Mood: Indicative -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Active
बिना पहचान पत्र के दफ्तर में एंट्री नहीं मिलेगी। You won't get entry into the office without an ID card.
(binaa pahchaan patr ke daphtar men entrii nahiin milegii।)
Register: Casual -- Mood: Indicative -- Tense: Future -- Voice: Active
मैं अपनी अलग पहचान चाहता हूँ, किसी की छाया नहीं। I want my own separate identity, not someone else's shadow.
(main apnii alag pahchaan chaahtaa hoon, kisii kii chhaayaa nahiin।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Habitual -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Active
उसकी पहचान खो चुकी थी जब उसने अपना नाम भी बदल लिया। His identity had already been lost when he even changed his name.
(uskii pahchaan kho chukii thii jab usne apnaa naam bhii badal liyaa।)
Register: Literary -- Mood: Indicative -- Tense: Past -- Voice: Active
Sense 2 : recognition (of a person or thing)
noun, feminine Often appears with होना (honaa) in a dative-subject frame: किसी की पहचान होना (kisii kii pahchaan honaa, 'for someone to be recognized/known') -- the recognizer is marked with को (ko) or से (se) rather than being the grammatical subject.
Frequency: high
Cultural Note: Ties directly to the verb पहचानना (pahchaannaa) -- if you can say मैं उसे पहचानता हूँ (main use pahchaantaa hoon, 'I recognize him'), the noun form of that same act is उसकी पहचान (uskii pahchaan, 'recognition of him').
Common Mistakes: 1) Confusing यह मेरी पहचान है (yah merii pahchaan hai, 'this is my identity') with मुझे उसकी पहचान है (mujhe uskii pahchaan hai, 'I recognize/know him') -- the same noun shifts between 'identity' and 'recognition' depending on the frame, and learners sometimes force one meaning onto the other structure.
Sample Sentences:
इतने सालों बाद भी उसकी पहचान मुश्किल नहीं थी। Even after so many years, recognizing him wasn't difficult.
(itne saalon baad bhii uskii pahchaan mushkil nahiin thii।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Indicative -- Tense: Past -- Voice: Active
अंधेरे में उसकी पहचान करना नामुमकिन था। It was impossible to recognize him in the dark.
(andhere men uskii pahchaan karnaa naamumkin thaa।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Indicative -- Tense: Past -- Voice: Active
पुलिस ने शव की पहचान करने के लिए परिवार को बुलाया। The police called the family to identify the body.
(pulis ne shav kii pahchaan karne ke lie parivaar ko bulaayaa।)
Register: Formal -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Perfective -- Tense: Past -- Voice: Active
अगर वह मुड़कर देखता, तो शायद पहचान हो जाती। If he had turned around and looked, recognition might have happened.
(agar vah mudkar dekhtaa, to shaayad pahchaan ho jaatii।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Counterfactual -- Aspect: Perfective -- Voice: Active
कृपया अपनी पहचान के लिए यह फॉर्म भरें। Please fill out this form for your identification.
(kripyaa apnii pahchaan ke lie yah phorm bharen।)
Register: Formal -- Mood: Imperative -- Voice: Active
आवाज़ से ही उसकी पहचान हो गई। He was recognized just by his voice.
(aavaaz se hii uskii pahchaan ho gaii।)
Register: Casual -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Perfective -- Tense: Past -- Voice: Active
भीड़ में उसकी पहचान करना आसान नहीं होगा। It won't be easy to recognize him in the crowd.
(bhiid men uskii pahchaan karnaa aasaan nahiin hogaa।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Indicative -- Tense: Future -- Voice: Active
मुमकिन है कि तस्वीर धुंधली होने से उसकी पहचान न हो सके। It's possible that recognition won't happen because the picture is blurry.
(mumkin hai ki tasviir dhundhlii hone se uskii pahchaan n ho sake।)
Register: Formal -- Mood: Subjunctive -- Voice: Active
पुरानी तस्वीरों से अपराधी की पहचान की जा रही है। The criminal is being identified from old photographs.
(puraanii tasviiron se apraadhii kii pahchaan kii jaa rahii hai।)
Register: Formal -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Continuous -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Passive
दस्तावेज़ जाली होने के कारण उसकी पहचान की पुष्टि नहीं हो पाई। Because the documents were forged, his identification couldn't be confirmed.
(dastaavez jaalii hone ke kaaran uskii pahchaan kii pushti nahiin ho paaii।)
Register: Formal -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Perfective -- Tense: Past -- Voice: Passive
उंगलियों के निशान से अंततः पहचान सुनिश्चित की गई। Identification was finally confirmed through fingerprints.
(ungliyon ke nishaan se anttah pahchaan sunishchit kii gaii।)
Register: Formal -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Perfective -- Tense: Past -- Voice: Passive
Sense 3 : acquaintance, connection/influence (colloquial idiom)
noun, feminine Common in the phrase किसी से पहचान होना (kisii se pahchaan honaa, 'to have an acquaintance/connection with someone'), implying useful social ties rather than mere familiarity.
Synonyms: जान-पहचान (jaan-pahchaan, acquaintance network), रसूख (rasookh, influence/clout)
Frequency: medium
Cultural Note: This is the pहचान (pahchaan) invoked when someone says मेरी पहचान है वहाँ (merii pahchaan hai vahaan, 'I have contacts there') -- a very real feature of daily life in India, where getting things done at an office or hospital often runs through this kind of social pull.
Common Mistakes: 1) Learners often miss the practical, almost transactional flavor of this sense -- उसकी ऊपर तक पहचान है (uskii oopar tak pahchaan hai, 'he has connections all the way up') implies influence or pull, not just 'knowing someone.'
Sample Sentences:
मेरी पहचान है वहाँ, काम हो जाएगा। I have contacts there, the work will get done.
(merii pahchaan hai vahaan, kaam ho jaaegaa।)
Register: Casual -- Mood: Indicative -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Active
अस्पताल में उसकी अच्छी पहचान है, इसलिए बिस्तर मिल गया। He has good connections at the hospital, so a bed was arranged.
(asptaal men uskii achchhii pahchaan hai, islie bistar mil gayaa।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Perfective -- Tense: Past -- Voice: Active
बिना पहचान के यहाँ कोई काम नहीं होता। Without connections, no work gets done here.
(binaa pahchaan ke yahaan koii kaam nahiin hotaa।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Habitual -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Active
अगर दफ़्तर में मेरी पहचान होती, तो फ़ाइल एक दिन में निकल जाती। If I had connections in the office, the file would have gone through in a day.
(agar daftar men merii pahchaan hotii, to faail ek din men nikal jaatii।)
Register: Casual -- Mood: Counterfactual -- Aspect: Habitual -- Voice: Active
थोड़ी पहचान बना लो, वरना यहाँ कुछ नहीं होगा। Build a few connections, otherwise nothing will happen here.
(thodii pahchaan banaa lo, varnaa yahaan kuchh nahiin hogaa।)
Register: Casual -- Mood: Imperative -- Voice: Active
उसने अपनी पहचान का इस्तेमाल करके बेटे की नौकरी लगवा दी। He used his connections and got his son a job.
(usne apnii pahchaan kaa istemaal karke bete kii naukrii lagvaa dii।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Perfective -- Tense: Past -- Voice: Active
शायद किसी की पहचान से ही यह ट्रांसफ़र रुक पाए। Maybe only through someone's connections can this transfer be stopped.
(shaayad kisii kii pahchaan se hii yah traansfar ruk paae।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Subjunctive -- Voice: Active
पुलिस थाने में केस उसकी पहचान की वजह से जल्दी सुलझ गया। The case at the police station got resolved quickly because of his connections.
(pulis thaane men kes uskii pahchaan kii vajah se jaldii sulajh gayaa।)
Register: Casual -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Perfective -- Tense: Past -- Voice: Active
बड़े शहरों में बिना पहचान के दाख़िला पाना मुश्किल है। In big cities, getting admission without connections is difficult.
(bade shahron men binaa pahchaan ke daakhilaa paanaa mushkil hai।)
Register: Formal -- Mood: Indicative -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Active
यह जगह उसकी पहचान से ही दिलाई गई थी। This spot was secured only through his connections.
(yah jagah uskii pahchaan se hii dilaaii gaii thii।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Perfective -- Tense: Past -- Voice: Passive
Morphology
Noun
(sg.f.direct): पहचान (pahchaan)
(sg.f.oblique): पहचान (pahchaan)
(pl.f.direct): पहचानें (pahchaanen)
(pl.f.oblique): पहचानों (pahchaanon)