हिसाब (hisaab)

noun Mainly means 'calculation' or 'account' (as in money/math), extending to 'estimate' and 'basis/way of reckoning'; very common inside fixed phrases like हिसाब से (hisaab se) 'according to' and हिसाब लगाना (hisaab lagaanaa) 'to calculate.'
Sense 1 : calculation, arithmetic
noun, masculine
Synonyms: गणना (gannaa, formal), गिनती (gintii)
Frequency: high
Cultural Note: Every Indian kid remembers a parent or shopkeeper saying हिसाब लगाओ (hisaab lagaao, 'work it out') -- the word carries a slightly practical, mental-math flavor rather than formal classroom arithmetic.
Common Mistakes: 1) हिसाब (hisaab) is the everyday word for doing math or working something out; गणित (ganit) is the school subject 'mathematics' itself, not the act of calculating -- learners sometimes swap the two.
Sample Sentences:
जरा हिसाब लगाओ कि हम कितने बजे पहुँचेंगे। Just work out the calculation of what time we'll arrive.
(jaraa hisaab lagaao ki ham kitne baje pahunchenge।)
Register: Casual -- Mood: Imperative -- Voice: Active
मुझे हिसाब में हमेशा दिलचस्पी रही है। I've always had an interest in arithmetic.
(mujhe hisaab men hameshaa dilchaspii rahii hai।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Perfective -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Active
वह मन में ही सारा हिसाब लगा लेता है, कागज़ की ज़रूरत नहीं पड़ती। He does all the calculation in his head, no need for paper.
(vah man men hii saaraa hisaab lagaa letaa hai, kaagaz kii zaroorat nahiin padtii।)
Register: Casual -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Habitual -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Active
अगर हिसाब सही होता, तो हमें इतना नुकसान नहीं होता। If the calculation had been right, we wouldn't have suffered such a loss.
(agar hisaab sahii hotaa, to hamen itnaa nuksaan nahiin hotaa।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Counterfactual -- Aspect: Habitual -- Voice: Active
शिक्षक ने बच्चों को हिसाब सिखाया। The teacher taught the children arithmetic.
(shikshak ne bachchon ko hisaab sikhaayaa।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Perfective -- Tense: Past -- Voice: Active
यह हिसाब इतना उलझा हुआ है कि समझ ही नहीं आता। This calculation is so tangled that it's just impossible to understand.
(yah hisaab itnaa uljhaa huaa hai ki samajh hii nahiin aataa।)
Register: Casual -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Perfective -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Active
कल की परीक्षा में हिसाब के सवाल बहुत कठिन थे। The arithmetic questions in yesterday's exam were very difficult.
(kal kii pariikshaa men hisaab ke savaal bahut kathin the।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Habitual -- Tense: Past -- Voice: Active
क्या तुम यह हिसाब लगा सकते हो कि हमें कितना पैसा और चाहिए? Can you work out this calculation of how much more money we need?
(kyaa tum yah hisaab lagaa sakte ho ki hamen kitnaa paisaa aur chaahie?)
Register: Casual -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Habitual -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Active
हिसाब जल्दी और सही लगाया जाना चाहिए। The calculation should be done quickly and correctly.
(hisaab jaldii aur sahii lagaayaa jaanaa chaahie।)
Register: Formal -- Mood: Subjunctive -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Passive
जब तक हिसाब पूरा न हो जाए, कोई फैसला मत करो। Don't make any decision until the calculation is fully done.
(jab tak hisaab pooraa n ho jaae, koii phaislaa mat karo।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Subjunctive -- Voice: Active
उसने चंद मिनटों में ही सारा हिसाब कर दिया। He finished the entire calculation in just a few minutes.
(usne chand minton men hii saaraa hisaab kar diyaa।)
Register: Casual -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Perfective -- Tense: Past -- Voice: Active
Sense 2 : account, financial record/tally
noun, masculine
Synonyms: खाता (khaataa), बहीखाता (bahiikhaataa, formal, bookkeeping ledger)
Frequency: high
Cultural Note: In shops and households across Delhi-NCR, हिसाब रखना (hisaab rakhnaa, 'to keep accounts') is a daily ritual -- shopkeepers keep a हिसाब (hisaab) of who owes what, and families joke about 'settling the हिसाब (hisaab)' after a shared meal or trip.
Sample Sentences:
दुकानदार हर ग्राहक का हिसाब एक कॉपी में लिखता है। The shopkeeper writes down every customer's account in a notebook.
(dukaandaar har graahak kaa hisaab ek kopii men likhtaa hai।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Habitual -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Active
क्या तुमने इस महीने का हिसाब रखा है? Have you kept this month's accounts?
(kyaa tumne is mahiine kaa hisaab rakhaa hai?)
Register: Casual -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Perfective -- Tense: Past -- Voice: Active
खाना खाने के बाद हम सबने मिलकर हिसाब बराबर कर लिया। After eating, all of us settled the bill together.
(khaanaa khaane ke baad ham sabne milkar hisaab baraabar kar liyaa।)
Register: Casual -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Perfective -- Tense: Past -- Voice: Active
अगर तुम हिसाब ठीक से न रखते तो अब तक बहुत नुकसान हो जाता। If you hadn't kept the accounts properly, there would have been a big loss by now.
(agar tum hisaab thiik se n rakhte to ab tak bahut nuksaan ho jaataa।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Counterfactual -- Aspect: Habitual -- Voice: Active
कृपया दुकान का पूरा हिसाब मुझे कल तक दे दीजिए। Please give me the shop's complete account by tomorrow.
(kripyaa dukaan kaa pooraa hisaab mujhe kal tak de diijie।)
Register: Formal -- Mood: Imperative -- Voice: Active
साल के आखिर में सारे खातों का हिसाब जाँचा जाता है। At the end of the year, all the accounts' records are checked.
(saal ke aakhir men saare khaaton kaa hisaab jaanchaa jaataa hai।)
Register: Formal -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Habitual -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Passive
मैं चाहता हूँ कि तुम अपना हिसाब समय पर चुकता कर दो। I want you to clear your account on time.
(main chaahtaa hoon ki tum apnaa hisaab samay par chuktaa kar do।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Subjunctive -- Voice: Active
पिछले महीने का हिसाब अभी तक साफ नहीं हुआ है। Last month's account still hasn't been cleared.
(pichhle mahiine kaa hisaab abhii tak saaph nahiin huaa hai।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Perfective -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Passive
मुनीम जी रोज़ शाम को दुकान का हिसाब मिलाते रहते हैं। The accountant keeps reconciling the shop's accounts every evening.
(muniim jii roz shaam ko dukaan kaa hisaab milaate rahte hain।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Continuous -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Active
अगली बैठक में हम सबका हिसाब चुकता कर लेंगे। We will settle everyone's account in the next meeting.
(aglii baithak men ham sabkaa hisaab chuktaa kar lenge।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Indicative -- Tense: Future -- Voice: Active
कंपनी का हिसाब हर तीन महीने में एक बार सरकार को भेजा जाता है। The company's accounts are sent to the government once every three months.
(kampnii kaa hisaab har tiin mahiine men ek baar sarkaar ko bhejaa jaataa hai।)
Register: Formal -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Habitual -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Passive
Sense 3 : estimate, guess, reckoning
noun, masculine Often appears as मेरे हिसाब से (mere hisaab se, 'in my estimation/opinion') -- a very common way to preface a personal view.
Synonyms: अंदाज़ा (andaazaa), अनुमान (anumaan, formal)
Frequency: high
Cultural Note: मेरे हिसाब से (mere hisaab se, 'in my opinion') is one of the most natural ways to soften a personal opinion in conversation, much like English 'the way I see it.'
Sample Sentences:
मेरे हिसाब से यह फिल्म बहुत अच्छी है। In my opinion, this movie is very good.
(mere hisaab se yah philm bahut achchhii hai।)
Register: Casual -- Mood: Indicative -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Active
मेरे हिसाब से तो कल बारिश होगी। The way I see it, it will rain tomorrow.
(mere hisaab se to kal baarish hogii।)
Register: Casual -- Mood: Indicative -- Tense: Future -- Voice: Active
एक मोटे हिसाब से यहाँ पाँच सौ लोग होंगे। By a rough estimate, there must be five hundred people here.
(ek mote hisaab se yahaan paanch sau log honge।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Indicative -- Tense: Future -- Voice: Active
उसके हिसाब से हम रास्ता भटक गए थे। By his reckoning, we had lost our way.
(uske hisaab se ham raastaa bhatak gae the।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Perfective -- Tense: Past -- Voice: Active
अगर मेरा हिसाब सही होता, तो हम अभी तक पहुँच गए होते। If my estimate had been right, we would have arrived by now.
(agar meraa hisaab sahii hotaa, to ham abhii tak pahunch gae hote।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Counterfactual -- Aspect: Perfective -- Voice: Active
मेरे हिसाब से उसे माफ़ कर देना चाहिए। In my opinion, he should be forgiven.
(mere hisaab se use maaf kar denaa chaahie।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Subjunctive -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Active
ज़रा अपने हिसाब से बताओ कि इस काम में कितना समय लगेगा। Just tell me, by your estimate, how long this work will take.
(zaraa apne hisaab se bataao ki is kaam men kitnaa samay lagegaa।)
Register: Casual -- Mood: Imperative -- Voice: Active
विशेषज्ञों के हिसाब से इस परियोजना में दो साल लगेंगे। According to the experts' estimate, this project will take two years.
(visheshgyon ke hisaab se is pariyojnaa men do saal lagenge।)
Register: Formal -- Mood: Indicative -- Tense: Future -- Voice: Active
प्रारंभिक हिसाब के अनुसार लागत काफी बढ़ सकती है। According to the initial estimate, the cost could increase considerably.
(praarambhik hisaab ke anusaar laagat kaaphii badh saktii hai।)
Register: Formal -- Mood: Subjunctive -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Active
मेरे हिसाब से तो यह प्लान ही गलत था। In my opinion, this plan itself was wrong.
(mere hisaab se to yah plaan hii galat thaa।)
Register: Casual -- Mood: Indicative -- Tense: Past -- Voice: Active
हिसाब लगाया जा रहा है कि नुकसान कितना बड़ा है। An estimate is being made of how big the damage is.
(hisaab lagaayaa jaa rahaa hai ki nuksaan kitnaa badaa hai।)
Register: Formal -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Continuous -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Passive
Sense 4 : basis, criterion, way of judging things
noun, masculine Common in the postposition-like frame X के हिसाब से (ke hisaab se, 'according to/based on X'), e.g. मौसम के हिसाब से (mausam ke hisaab se, 'depending on the weather').
Synonyms: आधार (aadhaar, formal)
Frequency: high
Cultural Note: This sense turns हिसाब (hisaab) into a flexible connector -- ऐसे हिसाब से (aise hisaab se, 'in that case/by that logic') is a classic filler in arguments and casual reasoning, much like English 'by that logic.'
Common Mistakes: 1) के हिसाब से (ke hisaab se) is often confused with के अनुसार (ke anusaar); both mean 'according to,' but हिसाब से (hisaab se) feels more conversational while अनुसार (anusaar) is more formal/written.
Sample Sentences:
अगर तुम ऐसे हिसाब से सोचोगे, तो कभी फैसला नहीं कर पाओगे। If you think along those lines, you'll never be able to decide.
(agar tum aise hisaab se sochoge, to kabhii phaislaa nahiin kar paaoge।)
Register: Casual -- Mood: Indicative -- Tense: Future -- Voice: Active
उसके हिसाब से हर इंसान को बराबर मौका मिलना चाहिए। By his way of thinking, every person should get an equal chance.
(uske hisaab se har insaan ko baraabar maukaa milnaa chaahie।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Habitual -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Active
ऐसे हिसाब से तो तुम्हें भी सज़ा मिलनी चाहिए थी। By that logic, you should have been punished too.
(aise hisaab se to tumhen bhii sazaa milnii chaahie thii।)
Register: Casual -- Mood: Indicative -- Tense: Past -- Voice: Active
क्या यह इंसाफ़ के हिसाब से सही फैसला है? Is this the right decision, judged on the basis of justice?
(kyaa yah insaaf ke hisaab se sahii phaislaa hai?)
Register: Formal -- Mood: Indicative -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Active
अगर काम ही किसी इंसान की कीमत तय करता, तो हिसाब बिलकुल अलग होता। If work alone decided a person's worth, the criterion would be completely different.
(agar kaam hii kisii insaan kii kiimat tay kartaa, to hisaab bilkul alag hotaa।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Counterfactual -- Aspect: Habitual -- Voice: Active
अपने हिसाब से मत जियो, दूसरों की परवाह भी करो। Don't live by your own standards alone; care about others too.
(apne hisaab se mat jiyo, doosron kii parvaah bhii karo।)
Register: Casual -- Mood: Imperative -- Voice: Active
समाज के हिसाब से यह बर्ताव गलत माना जाता है। Judged by society's standards, this behavior is considered wrong.
(samaaj ke hisaab se yah bartaav galat maanaa jaataa hai।)
Register: Formal -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Habitual -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Passive
शायद उसके हिसाब से यही सही रास्ता हो। Perhaps, by his reckoning, this is indeed the right path.
(shaayad uske hisaab se yahii sahii raastaa ho।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Subjunctive -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Active
हर धर्म का अपना हिसाब है कि सही और गलत क्या है। Every religion has its own way of judging what is right and wrong.
(har dharm kaa apnaa hisaab hai ki sahii aur galat kyaa hai।)
Register: Literary -- Mood: Indicative -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Active
पुराने हिसाब से तो बड़ों की बात मानना ही सही माना जाता था। By the old standards, obeying one's elders was considered the right thing.
(puraane hisaab se to badon kii baat maannaa hii sahii maanaa jaataa thaa।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Habitual -- Tense: Past -- Voice: Passive
अपने हिसाब से हर कोई खुद को ही सही ठहराता है। By his own logic, everyone justifies himself as being right.
(apne hisaab se har koii khud ko hii sahii thahraataa hai।)
Register: Casual -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Habitual -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Active
Morphology
Noun
(sg.m.direct): हिसाब (hisaab)
(sg.m.oblique): हिसाब (hisaab)
(pl.m.direct): हिसाब (hisaab)
(pl.m.oblique): हिसाबों (hisaabon)