लंदन (landan)

noun The English city name London (landan), used exactly as a proper noun.
Sense 1 : London (city)
noun, masculine
Frequency: high
Cultural Note: लंदन (landan) is one of the most commonly mentioned foreign cities in Hindi conversation, often invoked in the context of family members settled abroad -- 'मेरा बेटा लंदन में रहता है' (meraa betaa landan men rahtaa hai, 'my son lives in London') is a very typical sentence you'll hear from a proud parent in Delhi.
Common Mistakes: 1) Learners sometimes add a visarga-like extra vowel sound or say लंडन (landan) by mistake -- the correct spelling and pronunciation is लंदन (landan) with a dental न, not a retroflex ड. 2) As a proper noun it takes no gender agreement of its own and is treated as inherently masculine only in the rare case an adjective must agree with it (e.g. पुराना लंदन (puraanaa landan, 'old London')).
Sample Sentences:
मेरा बेटा लंदन में रहता है। My son lives in London.
(meraa betaa landan men rahtaa hai।)
Register: Casual -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Habitual -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Active
वह पिछले साल लंदन गई थी। She went to London last year.
(vah pichhle saal landan gaii thii।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Perfective -- Tense: Past -- Voice: Active
अगले महीने हम लंदन जाएंगे। We will go to London next month.
(agle mahiine ham landan jaaenge।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Indicative -- Tense: Future -- Voice: Active
क्या तुम कभी लंदन गए हो? Have you ever been to London?
(kyaa tum kabhii landan gae ho?)
Register: Casual -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Perfective -- Tense: Past -- Voice: Active
अगर मेरे पास वीज़ा होता, तो मैं अभी लंदन में होता। If I had a visa, I would be in London right now.
(agar mere paas viizaa hotaa, to main abhii landan men hotaa।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Counterfactual -- Aspect: Habitual -- Voice: Active
लंदन जाकर अपनी सेहत का ख़याल रखना। Once you get to London, take care of your health.
(landan jaakar apnii sehat kaa khayaal rakhnaa।)
Register: Casual -- Mood: Imperative -- Voice: Active
लंदन में इन दिनों बहुत ठंड पड़ रही है। It is very cold in London these days.
(landan men in dinon bahut thand pad rahii hai।)
Register: Casual -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Continuous -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Active
शायद वह लंदन में नौकरी कर रहा हो। He might be working in London.
(shaayad vah landan men naukrii kar rahaa ho।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Subjunctive -- Voice: Active
यह इमारत लंदन में एक फ़्रांसीसी वास्तुकार द्वारा बनाई गई थी। This building was built in London by a French architect.
(yah imaarat landan men ek fraansiisii vaastukaar dvaaraa banaaii gaii thii।)
Register: Formal -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Perfective -- Tense: Past -- Voice: Passive
लंदन की सड़कों पर इतनी बारिश होती है कि छाता हमेशा साथ रखना पड़ता है। It rains so much on London's streets that you always have to keep an umbrella with you.
(landan kii sadkon par itnii baarish hotii hai ki chhaataa hameshaa saath rakhnaa padtaa hai।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Habitual -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Active
काश मैं भी लंदन में पढ़ाई कर पाता। I wish I could have studied in London too.
(kaash main bhii landan men padhaaii kar paataa।)
Register: Casual -- Mood: Counterfactual -- Aspect: Habitual -- Voice: Active
प्रधानमंत्री कल लंदन पहुँचेंगे और वहाँ कई बैठकों में भाग लेंगे। The Prime Minister will arrive in London tomorrow and will attend several meetings there.
(pradhaanmantrii kal landan pahunchenge aur vahaan kaii baithkon men bhaag lenge।)
Register: Formal -- Mood: Indicative -- Tense: Future -- Voice: Active
Morphology
Noun
(sg.m.direct): लंदन (landan)
(sg.m.oblique): लंदन (landan)
(pl.m.direct): लंदन (landan)
(pl.m.oblique): लंदनों (landnon)