नुक़सान (nuqsaan)

noun/adjective A common loanword (from Persian/Arabic) meaning 'loss, damage, harm' -- used constantly in everyday, business, and casual speech. Also spelled नुकसान (nuksaan) without the nuqta; both spellings are widely seen.
Sense 1 : loss, damage, harm
noun, masculine
Synonyms: हानि (haani, formal), क्षति (kshati, formal)
Frequency: high
Cultural Note: You will hear this word constantly in markets and homes alike -- a shopkeeper complaining about business, a parent warning a child, a mechanic assessing a dented car all reach for नुक़सान (nuqsaan). It pairs naturally with होना (honaa) 'to occur/befall' and पहुँचाना (pahunchaanaa) 'to cause,' reflecting Hindi's habit of framing harm as something that happens to you (a dative-subject feel) rather than something you simply 'take.'
Common Mistakes: 1) Learners often try to use it only as 'damage' in the physical sense, but नुक़सान (nuqsaan) covers financial loss, health harm, and abstract harm equally -- नुक़सान होना (nuqsaan honaa, 'to incur/suffer a loss') is the most common frame, with the affected person marked by को (ko): मुझे नुक़सान हुआ (mujhe nuqsaan huaa, 'I suffered a loss'). 2) The verb पहुँचाना (pahunchaanaa) is used with नुक़सान (nuqsaan) to mean 'to cause harm to' -- नुक़सान पहुँचाना (nuqsaan pahunchaanaa) -- rather than a more literal verb like 'to make' or 'to do'.
Sample Sentences:
बारिश की वजह से फ़सल को बहुत नुक़सान हुआ। The crop suffered a lot of damage because of the rain.
(baarish kii vajah se fasal ko bahut nuqsaan huaa।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Perfective -- Tense: Past -- Voice: Active
दुकानदार हर महीने नुक़सान की शिकायत करता है। The shopkeeper complains about losses every month.
(dukaandaar har mahiine nuqsaan kii shikaayat kartaa hai।)
Register: Casual -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Habitual -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Active
अगर तुम ऐसे गाड़ी चलाते रहे तो किसी को नुक़सान पहुँचा दोगे। If you keep driving like that, you'll end up harming someone.
(agar tum aise gaadii chalaate rahe to kisii ko nuqsaan pahunchaa doge।)
Register: Casual -- Mood: Indicative -- Tense: Future -- Voice: Active
मत छुओ, टूट गया तो नुक़सान हो जाएगा! Don't touch it, if it breaks there'll be damage!
(mat chhuo, toot gayaa to nuqsaan ho jaaegaa!)
Register: Casual -- Mood: Imperative -- Voice: Active
कंपनी को इस तिमाही में भारी नुक़सान का सामना करना पड़ा। The company had to face heavy losses this quarter.
(kampnii ko is timaahii men bhaarii nuqsaan kaa saamnaa karnaa padaa।)
Register: Formal -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Perfective -- Tense: Past -- Voice: Active
मेकैनिक ने कहा कि इंजन को बड़ा नुक़सान पहुँचा है। The mechanic said that the engine has suffered major damage.
(mekainik ne kahaa ki injan ko badaa nuqsaan pahunchaa hai।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Perfective -- Tense: Past -- Voice: Active
अगर मैंने वह सौदा किया होता, तो मुझे बहुत नुक़सान होता। If I had made that deal, I would have suffered a great loss.
(agar mainne vah saudaa kiyaa hotaa, to mujhe bahut nuqsaan hotaa।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Counterfactual -- Aspect: Perfective -- Voice: Active
तूफ़ान से पूरे इलाक़े को नुक़सान पहुँचाया गया। The whole area was harmed by the storm.
(toofaan se poore ilaaqe ko nuqsaan pahunchaayaa gayaa।)
Register: Formal -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Perfective -- Tense: Past -- Voice: Passive
माँ ने बच्चे को समझाया कि आग से खेलने में नुक़सान है। The mother explained to the child that there's danger in playing with fire.
(maan ne bachche ko samjhaayaa ki aag se khelne men nuqsaan hai।)
Register: Casual -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Perfective -- Tense: Past -- Voice: Active
शायद इस फ़ैसले से कंपनी को नुक़सान हो सकता है। Perhaps this decision could cause loss to the company.
(shaayad is faisle se kampnii ko nuqsaan ho saktaa hai।)
Register: Formal -- Mood: Subjunctive -- Aspect: Habitual -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Active
सरकार ने बाढ़ पीड़ितों के नुक़सान की भरपाई करने का वादा किया। The government promised to compensate the flood victims for their losses.
(sarkaar ne baadh piiditon ke nuqsaan kii bharpaaii karne kaa vaadaa kiyaa।)
Register: Formal -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Perfective -- Tense: Past -- Voice: Active
Sense 2 : harmful, damaging (in fixed phrases)
adjective Used predicatively in the frame X के लिए नुक़सान है/होता है (X ke lie nuqsaan hai, 'X is harmful for...'), rather than as a freely inflecting attributive adjective before a noun.
Synonyms: हानिकारक (haanikaarak, formal)
Frequency: medium
Cultural Note: This usage overlaps closely with the noun sense -- Hindi often lets a noun of harm double as a predicate of harmfulness, as in सिगरेट सेहत के लिए नुक़सान है (sigret sehat ke lie nuqsaan hai, 'cigarettes are harmful to health'), without needing a separate adjective form the way English does.
Common Mistakes: 1) Learners sometimes try to inflect नुक़सान (nuqsaan) like a regular adjective (नुक़सान वाला/वाली), but it is more natural to keep it as an invariant noun-like form and build the sentence around है/होता है (hai/hotaa hai) rather than placing it directly before a noun.
Sample Sentences:
सिगरेट सेहत के लिए नुक़सान है। Cigarettes are harmful to health.
(sigret sehat ke lie nuqsaan hai।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Indicative -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Active
ज़्यादा चीनी खाना सेहत के लिए नुक़सान है। Eating too much sugar is harmful to health.
(zyaadaa chiinii khaanaa sehat ke lie nuqsaan hai।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Indicative -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Active
यह दवा बच्चों के लिए नुक़सान हो सकती है। This medicine could be harmful for children.
(yah davaa bachchon ke lie nuqsaan ho saktii hai।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Subjunctive -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Active
डॉक्टर ने बताया कि यह तेल दिल के लिए नुक़सान है। The doctor explained that this oil is harmful for the heart.
(doktar ne bataayaa ki yah tel dil ke lie nuqsaan hai।)
Register: Formal -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Perfective -- Tense: Past -- Voice: Active
अगर यह पौधा नुक़सान होता, तो सरकार इसे बाज़ार से हटा देती। If this plant were harmful, the government would have removed it from the market.
(agar yah paudhaa nuqsaan hotaa, to sarkaar ise baazaar se hataa detii।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Counterfactual -- Aspect: Habitual -- Voice: Active
यह केमिकल पर्यावरण के लिए बहुत नुक़सान है। This chemical is very harmful for the environment.
(yah kemikal paryaavran ke lie bahut nuqsaan hai।)
Register: Formal -- Mood: Indicative -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Active
क्या शराब वाकई सेहत के लिए इतनी नुक़सान है? Is alcohol really that harmful to health?
(kyaa sharaab vaakaii sehat ke lie itnii nuqsaan hai?)
Register: Casual -- Mood: Indicative -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Active
प्लास्टिक की थैलियाँ धरती के लिए बेहद नुक़सान साबित हुई हैं। Plastic bags have proven extremely harmful for the earth.
(plaastik kii thailiyaan dhartii ke lie behad nuqsaan saabit huii hain।)
Register: Formal -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Perfective -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Passive
यह मानिए कि देर रात तक जागना सेहत के लिए नुक़सान होता है। Accept that staying up late at night is harmful to health.
(yah maanie ki der raat tak jaagnaa sehat ke lie nuqsaan hotaa hai।)
Register: Formal -- Mood: Imperative -- Voice: Active
Morphology
Noun
(sg.m.direct): नुक़सान (nuqsaan)
(sg.m.oblique): नुक़सान (nuqsaan)
(pl.m.direct): नुक़सान (nuqsaan)
(pl.m.oblique): नुक़सानों (nuqsaanon)
Adjective (invariant)
invariant: नुक़सान (nuqsaan)