ज़िम्मेदारी (zimmedaarii)

noun A single core meaning: 'responsibility' -- covering both the abstract quality of being responsible and a specific duty or charge one carries. Related to the adjective ज़िम्मेदार (zimmedaar, 'responsible').
Sense 1 : responsibility, duty (a specific charge or obligation)
noun, feminine Often used with लेना (lenaa, 'to take on') or उठाना (uthaanaa, 'to bear') to mean 'take responsibility,' and with पर होना (par honaa) or पर डालना (par daalnaa) to mean the responsibility lies on/is placed on someone.
Synonyms: दायित्व (daayitv, formal), भार (bhaar, 'burden/charge', literary), फ़र्ज़ (farz, 'duty')
Frequency: high
Cultural Note: In everyday family and office talk, ज़िम्मेदारी (zimmedaarii) carries a slightly heavier, more moral weight than the English 'responsibility' -- a father might say घर की ज़िम्मेदारी मुझ पर है (ghar kii zimmedaarii mujh par hai, 'the responsibility of the household is on me'), framing responsibility as something that sits or rests on a person, a very common Hindi pattern using पर (par).
Common Mistakes: 1) Learners often say ज़िम्मेदारी करना (zimmedaarii karnaa) by analogy with 'do a responsibility,' but the natural verbs are लेना (lenaa), उठाना (uthaanaa), or निभाना (nibhaanaa, 'to fulfill/discharge') -- not करना (karnaa). 2) The person who bears the responsibility is marked with पर (par) or की (kii), as in उसकी ज़िम्मेदारी है (uskii zimmedaarii hai, 'it's his responsibility'), not से (se).
Sample Sentences:
घर की सारी ज़िम्मेदारी मुझ पर है। The entire responsibility of the household is on me.
(ghar kii saarii zimmedaarii mujh par hai।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Indicative -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Active
बॉस ने यह प्रोजेक्ट पूरा करने की ज़िम्मेदारी मुझे दी है। The boss has given me the responsibility of completing this project.
(bos ne yah projekt pooraa karne kii zimmedaarii mujhe dii hai।)
Register: Formal -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Perfective -- Tense: Past -- Voice: Active
अपनी ज़िम्मेदारी से मत भाग। Don't run away from your responsibility.
(apnii zimmedaarii se mat bhaag।)
Register: Casual -- Mood: Imperative -- Voice: Active
अगर मुझे यह ज़िम्मेदारी मिलती तो मैं ज़रूर पूरी करता। If I had gotten this responsibility, I would definitely have fulfilled it.
(agar mujhe yah zimmedaarii miltii to main zaroor poorii kartaa।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Counterfactual -- Aspect: Habitual -- Voice: Active
बच्चों की परवरिश की ज़िम्मेदारी दोनों माँ-बाप की होती है। The responsibility of raising children rests with both parents.
(bachchon kii paravrish kii zimmedaarii donon maan-baap kii hotii hai।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Habitual -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Active
यह ज़िम्मेदारी उठाना आसान नहीं होगा। It won't be easy to shoulder this responsibility.
(yah zimmedaarii uthaanaa aasaan nahiin hogaa।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Indicative -- Tense: Future -- Voice: Active
क्या तुम इस काम की ज़िम्मेदारी ले सकते हो? Can you take responsibility for this work?
(kyaa tum is kaam kii zimmedaarii le sakte ho?)
Register: Casual -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Habitual -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Active
सरकार को इस हादसे की ज़िम्मेदारी लेनी चाहिए। The government should take responsibility for this accident.
(sarkaar ko is haadse kii zimmedaarii lenii chaahie।)
Register: Formal -- Mood: Subjunctive -- Voice: Active
दुर्घटना की ज़िम्मेदारी ड्राइवर पर डाली गई। The responsibility for the accident was placed on the driver.
(durghatnaa kii zimmedaarii draaivar par daalii gaii।)
Register: Formal -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Perfective -- Tense: Past -- Voice: Passive
रिटायरमेंट के बाद उसने सारी ज़िम्मेदारियाँ अपने बेटे को सौंप दी। After retirement, he handed over all responsibilities to his son.
(ritaayarment ke baad usne saarii zimmedaariyaan apne bete ko saump dii।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Perfective -- Tense: Past -- Voice: Active
बड़े पद के साथ बड़ी ज़िम्मेदारी भी आती है। With a big position comes big responsibility too.
(bade pad ke saath badii zimmedaarii bhii aatii hai।)
Register: Formal -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Habitual -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Active
Sense 2 : the quality of being responsible, reliability
noun, feminine
Synonyms: समझदारी (samajhdaarii, 'sensibleness', meaning scope: overlaps only in maturity sense)
Frequency: medium
Cultural Note: Used abstractly, as when praising someone's character: उसमें ज़िम्मेदारी है (usmen zimmedaarii hai, 'he has a sense of responsibility') -- note the में (men) marking, treating responsibility as a trait residing inside a person, much like Hindi does with other qualities (उसमें हिम्मत है, usmen himmat hai).
Sample Sentences:
उसमें बहुत ज़िम्मेदारी है। He has a great sense of responsibility.
(usmen bahut zimmedaarii hai।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Indicative -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Active
उसमें बिल्कुल ज़िम्मेदारी नहीं है। He has no sense of responsibility at all.
(usmen bilkul zimmedaarii nahiin hai।)
Register: Casual -- Mood: Indicative -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Active
छोटी उम्र में ही उसमें इतनी ज़िम्मेदारी आ गई थी। Such a sense of responsibility had developed in him at such a young age.
(chhotii umr men hii usmen itnii zimmedaarii aa gaii thii।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Perfective -- Tense: Past -- Voice: Active
अगर उसमें थोड़ी भी ज़िम्मेदारी होती, तो वह समय पर आता। If he had even a little sense of responsibility, he would have come on time.
(agar usmen thodii bhii zimmedaarii hotii, to vah samay par aataa।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Counterfactual -- Aspect: Habitual -- Voice: Active
काश उसमें भी अपने भाई जैसी ज़िम्मेदारी होती। If only he had a sense of responsibility like his brother's.
(kaash usmen bhii apne bhaaii jaisii zimmedaarii hotii।)
Register: Casual -- Mood: Counterfactual -- Aspect: Habitual -- Voice: Active
काम करते-करते उसमें धीरे-धीरे ज़िम्मेदारी बढ़ती जा रही है। Through working, his sense of responsibility is gradually increasing.
(kaam karte-karte usmen dhiire-dhiire zimmedaarii badhtii jaa rahii hai।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Continuous -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Active
मुझे उम्मीद है कि समय के साथ उसमें ज़िम्मेदारी आ जाएगी। I hope that a sense of responsibility will develop in him with time.
(mujhe ummiid hai ki samay ke saath usmen zimmedaarii aa jaaegii।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Subjunctive -- Tense: Future -- Voice: Active
एक अच्छे कर्मचारी में ज़िम्मेदारी होनी चाहिए। A good employee ought to have a sense of responsibility.
(ek achchhe karmchaarii men zimmedaarii honii chaahie।)
Register: Formal -- Mood: Subjunctive -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Active
इंटरव्यू में वे यही देखते हैं कि उम्मीदवार में ज़िम्मेदारी है या नहीं। In the interview, they mainly check whether the candidate has a sense of responsibility or not.
(intravyoo men ve yahii dekhte hain ki ummiidvaar men zimmedaarii hai yaa nahiin।)
Register: Formal -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Habitual -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Active
जिनमें ज़िम्मेदारी होती है, उन्हें बार-बार टोकना नहीं पड़ता। Those who have a sense of responsibility do not need to be reminded again and again.
(jinmen zimmedaarii hotii hai, unhen baar-baar toknaa nahiin padtaa।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Habitual -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Active
Morphology
Noun
(sg.f.direct): ज़िम्मेदारी (zimmedaarii)
(sg.f.oblique): ज़िम्मेदारी (zimmedaarii)
(pl.f.direct): ज़िम्मेदारियाँ (zimmedaariyaan)
(pl.f.oblique): ज़िम्मेदारियों (zimmedaariyon)