अध्ययन (adhyyan)

noun A formal, Sanskrit-derived noun meaning 'study' -- the act of studying or a piece of academic research. It has one core sense but stretches across everyday academic contexts and more formal research contexts.
Sense 1 : study, act of studying
noun, masculine
Synonyms: पढ़ाई (padhaaii), शिक्षा (shikshaa, meaning scope: education more than study itself)
Frequency: medium
Cultural Note: You'll meet this word constantly in news reports and research contexts -- 'एक नए अध्ययन के अनुसार' (ek nae adhyyan ke anusaar, 'according to a new study') is a stock newspaper opener. In daily conversation about school or homework, though, Hindi speakers overwhelmingly reach for पढ़ाई (padhaaii) instead, saving अध्ययन (adhyyan) for something closer to formal 'research' or 'scholarship.'
Common Mistakes: 1) Learners often reach for अध्ययन (adhyyan) in casual speech where पढ़ाई (padhaaii) is what a native speaker would actually say -- 'मैं पढ़ाई कर रहा हूँ' (main padhaaii kar rahaa hoon, 'I am studying') sounds natural for everyday studying, while अध्ययन (adhyyan) leans formal or academic. 2) The common verb pairing is अध्ययन करना (adhyyan karnaa, 'to do/conduct a study'), not अध्ययन पढ़ना (adhyyan padhnaa) -- learners sometimes wrongly pair it with पढ़ना (padhnaa).
Sample Sentences:
एक नए अध्ययन के अनुसार, दिल्ली की हवा हर साल ज़्यादा ज़हरीली हो रही है। According to a new study, Delhi's air is getting more toxic every year.
(ek nae adhyyan ke anusaar, dillii kii havaa har saal zyaadaa zahriilii ho rahii hai।)
Register: Formal -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Continuous -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Active
उन्होंने प्राचीन इतिहास का गहरा अध्ययन किया है। He has done a deep study of ancient history.
(unhonne praachiin itihaas kaa gahraa adhyyan kiyaa hai।)
Register: Formal -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Perfective -- Tense: Past -- Voice: Active
यह अध्ययन कई सालों तक चलता रहा। This study continued for many years.
(yah adhyyan kaii saalon tak chaltaa rahaa।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Habitual -- Tense: Past -- Voice: Active
इस विषय पर अध्ययन करना ज़रूरी है। It is necessary to conduct study on this subject.
(is vishay par adhyyan karnaa zaroorii hai।)
Register: Formal -- Mood: Indicative -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Active
अगर उसने ठीक से अध्ययन किया होता, तो वह परीक्षा पास कर लेता। If he had done proper study, he would have passed the exam.
(agar usne thiik se adhyyan kiyaa hotaa, to vah pariikshaa paas kar letaa।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Counterfactual -- Aspect: Perfective -- Voice: Active
कृपया इस रिपोर्ट का अध्ययन कीजिए और अपनी राय दीजिए। Please study this report and give your opinion.
(kripyaa is riport kaa adhyyan kiijie aur apnii raay diijie।)
Register: Formal -- Mood: Imperative -- Voice: Active
यह संभव है कि उनका अध्ययन गलत निष्कर्ष पर पहुँचा हो। It is possible that their study arrived at a wrong conclusion.
(yah sambhav hai ki unkaa adhyyan galat nishkarsh par pahunchaa ho।)
Register: Formal -- Mood: Subjunctive -- Voice: Active
इस क्षेत्र में अध्ययन के लिए बड़े पैमाने पर धन आवंटित किया गया। Large-scale funding was allocated for study in this field.
(is kshetr men adhyyan ke lie bade paimaane par dhan aavantit kiyaa gayaa।)
Register: Formal -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Perfective -- Tense: Past -- Voice: Passive
प्राचीन ऋषि वेदों के अध्ययन में जीवन समर्पित कर देते थे। Ancient sages used to dedicate their lives to the study of the Vedas.
(praachiin rishi vedon ke adhyyan men jiivan samarpit kar dete the।)
Register: Literary -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Habitual -- Tense: Past -- Voice: Active
शोधकर्ता इस बीमारी पर लगातार अध्ययन करते रहेंगे। Researchers will keep conducting study on this disease continuously.
(shodhkartaa is biimaarii par lagaataar adhyyan karte rahenge।)
Register: Formal -- Mood: Indicative -- Tense: Future -- Voice: Active
Morphology
Noun
(sg.m.direct): अध्ययन (adhyyan)
(sg.m.oblique): अध्ययन (adhyyan)
(pl.m.direct): अध्ययन (adhyyan)
(pl.m.oblique): अध्ययनों (adhyaynon)