संज्ञा (sangyaa)
noun
Primarily the grammatical term for 'noun'; also carries a less common sense of 'consciousness/senses' seen mainly in the fixed idiom for fainting.
Sense
1
:
noun (grammatical term)
noun, feminine
Frequency: medium
Cultural Note: This is the word every Hindi-medium schoolkid learns in grammar class, right alongside सर्वनाम (sarvnaam, 'pronoun') and क्रिया (kriyaa, 'verb'). If you're studying Hindi grammar terminology, this is the first rung on that ladder.
Common Mistakes: 1) Learners sometimes confuse this with विशेषण (visheshan, 'adjective') when discussing grammar -- संज्ञा (sangyaa) specifically means 'noun.' 2) This word is almost always encountered in grammar lessons and textbooks rather than casual conversation, so it can feel oddly formal if used outside that context.
Sample Sentences:
संज्ञा उसे कहते हैं जो किसी व्यक्ति, वस्तु या स्थान का नाम बताए।
A noun is that which tells the name of a person, thing, or place.
(sangyaa use kahte hain jo kisii vyakti, vastu yaa sthaan kaa naam bataae।)
इस वाक्य में 'किताब' एक संज्ञा है।
In this sentence, 'book' is a noun.
(is vaaky men 'kitaab' ek sangyaa hai।)
टीचर ने बोर्ड पर लिखा, 'नीचे रेखांकित शब्द संज्ञा हैं।'
The teacher wrote on the board, 'The underlined words below are nouns.'
(tiichar ne bord par likhaa, 'niiche rekhaankit shabd sangyaa hain।')
क्या तुम बता सकते हो कि इस पैराग्राफ में कितनी संज्ञाएँ हैं?
Can you tell how many nouns are in this paragraph?
(kyaa tum bataa sakte ho ki is pairaagraaph men kitnii sangyaaen hain?)
संज्ञा के मुख्यतः पाँच भेद माने जाते हैं।
Nouns are mainly considered to have five types.
(sangyaa ke mukhytah paanch bhed maane jaate hain।)
इस अध्याय में हम संज्ञा और सर्वनाम के अंतर के बारे में पढ़ रहे हैं।
In this chapter, we are studying the difference between nouns and pronouns.
(is adhyaay men ham sangyaa aur sarvnaam ke antar ke baare men padh rahe hain।)
इन दस शब्दों में से संज्ञा छाँटकर लिखो।
Pick out the nouns from these ten words and write them down.
(in das shabdon men se sangyaa chhaantkar likho।)
अगर तुम व्याकरण अच्छी तरह पढ़ते तो संज्ञा और क्रिया में फर्क करना आसान होता।
If you had studied grammar properly, telling nouns and verbs apart would have been easy.
(agar tum vyaakran achchhii tarah padhte to sangyaa aur kriyaa men phark karnaa aasaan hotaa।)
व्याकरण की किताब में संज्ञा की परिभाषा सबसे पहले पाठ में दी गई है।
In the grammar book, the definition of the noun is given in the very first lesson.
(vyaakran kii kitaab men sangyaa kii paribhaashaa sabse pahle paath men dii gaii hai।)
शायद इस प्रश्न में संज्ञा और सर्वनाम दोनों की पहचान करनी पड़े।
Perhaps in this question one will have to identify both the noun and the pronoun.
(shaayad is prashn men sangyaa aur sarvnaam donon kii pahchaan karnii pade।)
Sense
2
:
consciousness, awareness (of one's senses)
noun, feminine Almost exclusively seen in the set phrase संज्ञा खोना (sangyaa khonaa, 'to lose consciousness, faint').
Synonyms: होश (hosh)
Frequency: low
Cultural Note: You'll meet this sense in newspaper reports or formal writing describing someone fainting -- वह संज्ञा खो बैठा (vah sangyaa kho baithaa, 'he lost consciousness') -- rather than in casual chat, where होश (hosh) dominates.
Common Mistakes: 1) This sense is essentially locked into the idiom संज्ञा खोना (sangyaa khonaa) -- learners shouldn't expect to use संज्ञा (sangyaa) alone to mean 'consciousness' in everyday speech; होश (hosh) is the word people actually reach for.
Sample Sentences:
दुर्घटना में सिर पर चोट लगने से वह संज्ञा खो बैठा।
He lost consciousness after hitting his head in the accident.
(durghatnaa men sir par chot lagne se vah sangyaa kho baithaa।)
भारी रक्तस्राव के कारण महिला की संज्ञा लुप्त हो गई।
The woman lost consciousness due to heavy bleeding.
(bhaarii raktasraav ke kaaran mahilaa kii sangyaa lupt ho gaii।)
समाचार पत्र में लिखा था कि पीड़ित की संज्ञा घटनास्थल पर ही लुप्त हो गई थी।
The newspaper reported that the victim had lost consciousness right at the scene.
(samaachaar patr men likhaa thaa ki piidit kii sangyaa ghatnaasthal par hii lupt ho gaii thii।)
यदि उसे तुरंत सहायता न मिलती तो वह संज्ञा खो बैठता।
If he had not received immediate help, he would have lost consciousness.
(yadi use turant sahaaytaa n miltii to vah sangyaa kho baithtaa।)
डॉक्टरों ने कहा कि मरीज़ की संज्ञा कुछ ही मिनटों में लौट आएगी।
The doctors said that the patient's consciousness would return within just a few minutes.
(doktron ne kahaa ki mariiz kii sangyaa kuchh hii minton men laut aaegii।)
ऐसा प्रतीत होता है कि विष के प्रभाव से उसकी संज्ञा धीरे-धीरे क्षीण हो रही थी।
It appears that his consciousness was gradually fading due to the effect of the poison.
(aisaa pratiit hotaa hai ki vish ke prabhaav se uskii sangyaa dhiire-dhiire kshiin ho rahii thii।)
यह संभव है कि अत्यधिक थकान से उसकी संज्ञा लुप्त हो जाए।
It is possible that his consciousness might fail due to extreme exhaustion.
(yah sambhav hai ki atydhik thakaan se uskii sangyaa lupt ho jaae।)
पुलिस रिपोर्ट के अनुसार, चालक की संज्ञा घटना के समय पूरी तरह लुप्त थी।
According to the police report, the driver's consciousness was completely lost at the time of the incident.
(pulis riport ke anusaar, chaalak kii sangyaa ghatnaa ke samay poorii tarah lupt thii।)
जब तक संज्ञा न लौट आए, रोगी को हिलाया नहीं जाना चाहिए।
The patient should not be moved until consciousness returns.
(jab tak sangyaa n laut aae, rogii ko hilaayaa nahiin jaanaa chaahie।)
Morphology
Noun
(sg.f.direct):
संज्ञा
(sangyaa)
(sg.f.oblique):
संज्ञा
(sangyaa)
(pl.f.direct):
संज्ञाएँ
(sangyaaen)
(pl.f.oblique):
संज्ञाओं
(sangyaaon)