नौकरशाही (naukarshaahii)

noun A single-sense noun meaning 'bureaucracy' -- both the government administrative system and, colloquially, the red tape/officialdom associated with it.
Sense 1 : bureaucracy (the administrative system of government officials)
noun, feminine
Synonyms: प्रशासन (prashaasan, administration, broader/neutral term), लालफ़ीताशाही (laalfiitaashaahii, red-tapism, focuses on the slow/obstructive side)
Frequency: medium
Cultural Note: नौकरशाही (naukarshaahii) is built from नौकर (naukar, 'servant/employee') plus the suffix -शाही (-shaahii, denoting 'rule by'), so it literally means 'rule by officials' -- a nice window into how Hindi builds abstract political nouns. You'll hear it constantly in news debates and political conversation, almost always with a sigh about how slow the सरकारी दफ़्तर (sarkaarii daftar, 'government office') can be.
Common Mistakes: 1) Learners sometimes treat this as a neutral, purely technical word like English 'administration'; in everyday speech it usually carries a mildly negative, exasperated tone, implying slowness and red tape rather than just describing the system. 2) It is often paired with words like ढीली (dhiilii, 'slack') or लाल फ़ीता (laal fiitaa, 'red tape') to complain about delays, e.g. सरकारी नौकरशाही (sarkaarii naukarshaahii, 'government bureaucracy').
Sample Sentences:
भारत की नौकरशाही बहुत पुरानी और जटिल है। India's bureaucracy is very old and complex.
(bhaarat kii naukarshaahii bahut puraanii aur jatil hai।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Indicative -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Active
नौकरशाही की लालफ़ीताशाही की वजह से यह फ़ाइल तीन महीने से अटकी है। Because of bureaucratic red tape, this file has been stuck for three months.
(naukarshaahii kii laalfiitaashaahii kii vajah se yah faail tiin mahiine se atkii hai।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Perfective -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Active
उसने अपनी पूरी ज़िंदगी नौकरशाही से लड़ते हुए बिता दी। He spent his whole life fighting the bureaucracy.
(usne apnii poorii zindgii naukarshaahii se ladte hue bitaa dii।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Perfective -- Tense: Past -- Voice: Active
अगर नौकरशाही इतनी धीमी न होती, तो यह काम कब का हो गया होता। If the bureaucracy weren't so slow, this work would have been done long ago.
(agar naukarshaahii itnii dhiimii n hotii, to yah kaam kab kaa ho gayaa hotaa।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Counterfactual -- Aspect: Perfective -- Voice: Active
नेता चाहते हैं कि नौकरशाही उनके इशारों पर नाचे। The politicians want the bureaucracy to dance to their tune.
(netaa chaahte hain ki naukarshaahii unke ishaaron par naache।)
Register: Casual -- Mood: Subjunctive -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Active
सरकारी दफ़्तर की नौकरशाही में हर काम के लिए दस फ़ॉर्म भरने पड़ते हैं। In the bureaucracy of the government office, you have to fill ten forms for every little task.
(sarkaarii daftar kii naukarshaahii men har kaam ke lie das form bharne padte hain।)
Register: Casual -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Habitual -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Active
देश की नौकरशाही में भारी सुधार किए गए हैं। Major reforms have been made in the country's bureaucracy.
(desh kii naukarshaahii men bhaarii sudhaar kie gae hain।)
Register: Formal -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Perfective -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Passive
यार, इस नौकरशाही से पार पाना बड़े जिगरे का काम है। Dude, getting past this bureaucracy takes real guts.
(yaar, is naukarshaahii se paar paanaa bade jigre kaa kaam hai।)
Register: Casual -- Mood: Indicative -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Active
विशेषज्ञों का मानना है कि नौकरशाही को अधिक जवाबदेह बनाया जाना चाहिए। Experts believe that the bureaucracy should be made more accountable.
(visheshgyon kaa maannaa hai ki naukarshaahii ko adhik javaabdeh banaayaa jaanaa chaahie।)
Register: Formal -- Mood: Subjunctive -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Passive
अगली सरकार नौकरशाही में कई बड़े बदलाव करेगी। The next government will make several big changes in the bureaucracy.
(aglii sarkaar naukarshaahii men kaii bade badlaav karegii।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Indicative -- Tense: Future -- Voice: Active
Morphology
Noun
(sg.f.direct): नौकरशाही (naukarshaahii)
(sg.f.oblique): नौकरशाही (naukarshaahii)
(pl.f.direct): नौकरशाहियाँ (naukarshaahiyaan)
(pl.f.oblique): नौकरशाहियों (naukarshaahiyon)