कपड़ा (kapdaa)

noun Primarily a concrete noun meaning 'cloth' or 'garment'; its plural form कपड़े (kapde) is the everyday word for 'clothes' and is covered in the morphology table, not as a separate sense here.
Sense 1 : cloth, fabric (as material)
noun, masculine
Synonyms: वस्त्र (vastr, formal), कपड़ा-लत्ता (kapdaa-lattaa, colloquial, collective sense)
Frequency: high
Cultural Note: Think of कपड़ा (kapdaa) as the raw material sold by the meter in a cloth market (kapde kii dukaan, 'cloth shop') -- a mother sending you to buy कपड़ा (kapdaa) means fabric for stitching, not ready-made clothes.
Common Mistakes: 1) Learners sometimes use कपड़ा (kapdaa) in the singular when talking about 'clothes' in general, but native speakers almost always switch to the plural कपड़े (kapde) for that meaning -- singular कपड़ा (kapdaa) usually means a single piece of cloth or fabric, like a duster or a bolt of material.
Sample Sentences:
यह कपड़ा बहुत मुलायम है। This cloth is very soft.
(yah kapdaa bahut mulaayam hai।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Indicative -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Active
माँ ने कहा कि बाज़ार से दो मीटर कपड़ा ले आओ। Mother said to bring two meters of cloth from the market.
(maan ne kahaa ki baazaar se do miitar kapdaa le aao।)
Register: Casual -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Perfective -- Tense: Past -- Voice: Active
दर्ज़ी कपड़ा नाप रहा है। The tailor is measuring the cloth.
(darzii kapdaa naap rahaa hai।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Continuous -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Active
इस दुकान में हर तरह का कपड़ा मिलता है। Every kind of cloth is available in this shop.
(is dukaan men har tarah kaa kapdaa miltaa hai।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Habitual -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Active
कृपया मुझे सूती कपड़ा दिखाइए। Please show me cotton cloth.
(kripyaa mujhe sootii kapdaa dikhaaie।)
Register: Formal -- Mood: Imperative -- Voice: Active
अगर सस्ता कपड़ा मिलता, तो मैं और खरीद लेता। If cheap cloth had been available, I would have bought more.
(agar sastaa kapdaa miltaa, to main aur khariid letaa।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Counterfactual -- Aspect: Habitual -- Voice: Active
यह कमीज़ जिस कपड़े से बनी है, वह विदेश से मँगाया गया था। The cloth this shirt is made of was imported from abroad.
(yah kamiiz jis kapde se banii hai, vah videsh se mangaayaa gayaa thaa।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Perfective -- Tense: Past -- Voice: Passive
शादी के लिए रेशमी कपड़ा खरीदा जाएगा। Silk cloth will be bought for the wedding.
(shaadii ke lie reshmii kapdaa khariidaa jaaegaa।)
Register: Formal -- Mood: Indicative -- Tense: Future -- Voice: Passive
काश मेरे पास इतना कपड़ा होता कि मैं सबके लिए कुर्ता सिल पाता। I wish I had enough cloth to stitch a kurta for everyone.
(kaash mere paas itnaa kapdaa hotaa ki main sabke lie kurtaa sil paataa।)
Register: Literary -- Mood: Subjunctive -- Aspect: Habitual -- Voice: Active
कपड़े की दुकान पर बहुत भीड़ थी। There was a big crowd at the cloth shop.
(kapde kii dukaan par bahut bhiid thii।)
Register: Casual -- Mood: Indicative -- Tense: Past -- Voice: Active
पुराने ज़माने में कपड़ा हाथ से बुना जाता था। In olden times, cloth used to be woven by hand.
(puraane zamaane men kapdaa haath se bunaa jaataa thaa।)
Register: Literary -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Habitual -- Tense: Past -- Voice: Passive
Sense 2 : a piece of cloth used for cleaning/wiping
noun, masculine
Synonyms: झाड़न (jhaadan, specifically a duster)
Frequency: medium
Cultural Note: In almost every Indian kitchen there is a designated कपड़ा (kapdaa) hanging near the stove for wiping hands or wiping down the counter -- it is such a fixture that asking गीला कपड़ा ला दो (giilaa kapdaa laa do, 'bring a wet cloth') is instantly understood as a cleanup request.
Sample Sentences:
गीला कपड़ा ला दो, मेज़ पर कुछ गिर गया है। Bring a wet cloth, something has spilled on the table.
(giilaa kapdaa laa do, mez par kuchh gir gayaa hai।)
Register: Casual -- Mood: Imperative -- Voice: Active
रसोई में स्टोव के पास हमेशा एक कपड़ा लटका रहता है। A cloth is always hanging near the stove in the kitchen.
(rasoii men stov ke paas hameshaa ek kapdaa latkaa rahtaa hai।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Habitual -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Active
उसने कपड़े से हाथ पोंछे और खाना बनाने लगी। She wiped her hands with the cloth and started cooking.
(usne kapde se haath ponchhe aur khaanaa banaane lagii।)
Register: Casual -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Perfective -- Tense: Past -- Voice: Active
कपड़ा कहाँ है? काउंटर पर दूध फैल गया है। Where's the cloth? The milk has spilled on the counter.
(kapdaa kahaan hai? kaauntar par doodh phail gayaa hai।)
Register: Casual -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Perfective -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Active
मेज़ हर बार खाने के बाद कपड़े से साफ़ की जाती है। The table is wiped with a cloth every time after eating.
(mez har baar khaane ke baad kapde se saaf kii jaatii hai।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Habitual -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Passive
अगर कपड़ा साफ़ होता तो मैं उससे बर्तन पोंछ लेती। If the cloth were clean, I would have wiped the dishes with it.
(agar kapdaa saaf hotaa to main usse bartan ponchh letii।)
Register: Casual -- Mood: Counterfactual -- Aspect: Habitual -- Voice: Active
पुराना कपड़ा फेंकने से पहले उसे अलमारी की धूल पोंछने के लिए इस्तेमाल कर लो। Before throwing away the old cloth, use it to wipe the dust off the cupboard.
(puraanaa kapdaa phenkne se pahle use almaarii kii dhool ponchhne ke lie istemaal kar lo।)
Register: Casual -- Mood: Imperative -- Voice: Active
शायद माँ ने कपड़ा धोने के लिए बाहर रख दिया हो। Maybe mom has put the cleaning cloth outside to wash it.
(shaayad maan ne kapdaa dhone ke lie baahar rakh diyaa ho।)
Register: Casual -- Mood: Subjunctive -- Voice: Active
कृपया चश्मे को साफ़ कपड़े से ही पोंछें, वरना खरोंच आ जाएगी। Please wipe the glasses only with a clean cloth, otherwise they will get scratched.
(kripyaa chashme ko saaf kapde se hii ponchhen, varnaa kharonch aa jaaegii।)
Register: Formal -- Mood: Imperative -- Voice: Active
Morphology
Noun
(sg.m.direct): कपड़ा (kapdaa)
(sg.m.oblique): कपड़े (kapde)
(pl.m.direct): कपड़े (kapde)
(pl.m.oblique): कपड़ों (kapdon)