पक्ष (paksh)

noun A word with a spread of related meanings all built around the idea of a 'side': a physical or abstract side of something, a side in an argument or dispute, and the lunar fortnight in the Hindu calendar.
Sense 1 : side, aspect (of an issue, argument, or matter)
noun, masculine
Synonyms: पहलू (pahloo), बात (baat, meaning scope: only in some contexts), दृष्टिकोण (drishtikon, meaning scope: closer to 'viewpoint')
Frequency: high
Cultural Note: You will hear this constantly in news debates and panel discussions: दोनों पक्षों को सुनना चाहिए (donon pakshon ko sunnaa chaahie, 'both sides should be heard') is a very standard line in Indian civic and legal discourse, echoing the courtroom sense below.
Common Mistakes: 1) Learners often reach for साइड (saaid) borrowed from English when discussing an 'aspect' of a topic, but पक्ष (paksh) is the natural word in careful or written Hindi for 'this side of the issue,' 'that aspect of the matter.' 2) इस पक्ष पर (is paksh par, 'on this aspect') is a common fixed phrase in discussions and debates -- worth learning as a chunk rather than building word by word.
Sample Sentences:
हर मुद्दे के कई पक्ष होते हैं। Every issue has many aspects.
(har mudde ke kaii paksh hote hain।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Habitual -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Active
इस समस्या का एक पहलू यह भी है, यानी इसका एक पक्ष यह भी है। One aspect of this problem is also this.
(is samasyaa kaa ek pahloo yah bhii hai, yaanii iskaa ek paksh yah bhii hai।)
Register: Formal -- Mood: Indicative -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Active
आपने अभी तक इस मामले का आर्थिक पक्ष नहीं देखा। You haven't yet looked at the economic aspect of this matter.
(aapne abhii tak is maamle kaa aarthik paksh nahiin dekhaa।)
Register: Formal -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Perfective -- Tense: Past -- Voice: Active
दोनों पक्षों को सुनना चाहिए, तभी सही फैसला हो सकता है। Both sides (aspects) should be heard, only then can a correct decision be made.
(donon pakshon ko sunnaa chaahie, tabhii sahii phaislaa ho saktaa hai।)
Register: Formal -- Mood: Subjunctive -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Active
बहस के दौरान वक्ता ने मुद्दे के हर पक्ष पर रोशनी डाली। During the debate, the speaker shed light on every aspect of the issue.
(bahas ke dauraan vaktaa ne mudde ke har paksh par roshnii daalii।)
Register: Formal -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Perfective -- Tense: Past -- Voice: Active
अगर हम इस योजना के सामाजिक पक्ष पर भी ध्यान देते तो नतीजा कुछ और होता। If we had also paid attention to the social aspect of this plan, the result would have been different.
(agar ham is yojnaa ke saamaajik paksh par bhii dhyaan dete to natiijaa kuchh aur hotaa।)
Register: Formal -- Mood: Counterfactual -- Aspect: Habitual -- Voice: Active
समिति इस प्रस्ताव के सभी पक्षों की जांच कर रही है। The committee is examining all aspects of this proposal.
(samiti is prastaav ke sabhii pakshon kii jaanch kar rahii hai।)
Register: Formal -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Continuous -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Active
कृपया अपने भाषण में विषय के व्यावहारिक पक्ष पर भी बात कीजिए। Please also speak about the practical aspect of the topic in your speech.
(kripyaa apne bhaashan men vishay ke vyaavahaarik paksh par bhii baat kiijie।)
Register: Formal -- Mood: Imperative -- Voice: Active
इस नीति के नकारात्मक पक्ष पर अभी तक पर्याप्त चर्चा नहीं हुई है। There has not yet been enough discussion on the negative aspect of this policy.
(is niiti ke nakaaraatmak paksh par abhii tak paryaapt charchaa nahiin huii hai।)
Register: Formal -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Perfective -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Passive
क्या तुमने इस बात का दूसरा पक्ष भी सोचा है? Have you also thought about the other side of this matter?
(kyaa tumne is baat kaa doosraa paksh bhii sochaa hai?)
Register: Casual -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Perfective -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Active
इस घटना के कानूनी पक्ष की गहराई से जांच होनी चाहिए। The legal aspect of this incident should be thoroughly investigated.
(is ghatnaa ke kaanoonii paksh kii gahraaii se jaanch honii chaahie।)
Register: Formal -- Mood: Subjunctive -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Passive
Sense 2 : a party or side in a dispute, debate, or legal case
noun, masculine
Synonyms: पार्टी (paartii, meaning scope: more common in legal/political registers), गुट (gut, meaning scope: closer to 'faction')
Frequency: high
Cultural Note: This is the word you hear in Parliament and courtroom dramas alike -- सत्ता पक्ष (sattaa paksh, 'the ruling party/side') versus विपक्ष (vipaksh, 'the Opposition') is standard political vocabulary in Indian news.
Common Mistakes: 1) In courtroom or formal debate contexts, पक्ष (paksh) and विपक्ष (vipaksh) are the standard pair for 'the side for' and 'the side against' -- learners sometimes miss that विपक्ष (vipaksh) is not just 'no side' but literally 'the opposing party,' also used for the political Opposition.
Sample Sentences:
इस मुकदमे में दोनों पक्षों को अपने वकील की ज़रूरत है। Both parties in this lawsuit need their own lawyer.
(is mukadme men donon pakshon ko apne vakiil kii zaroorat hai।)
Register: Formal -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Habitual -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Active
सत्ता पक्ष ने आज संसद में नया बिल पेश किया। The ruling party presented a new bill in Parliament today.
(sattaa paksh ne aaj sansad men nayaa bil pesh kiyaa।)
Register: Formal -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Perfective -- Tense: Past -- Voice: Active
विपक्ष सरकार के हर फैसले का विरोध कर रहा है। The Opposition is opposing every decision of the government.
(vipaksh sarkaar ke har phaisle kaa virodh kar rahaa hai।)
Register: Formal -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Continuous -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Active
जज साहब ने दोनों पक्षों को सुनने के बाद फैसला सुनाया। The judge announced the verdict after hearing both sides.
(jaj saahab ne donon pakshon ko sunne ke baad phaislaa sunaayaa।)
Register: Formal -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Perfective -- Tense: Past -- Voice: Active
अगर दोनों पक्ष राज़ी हो जाएँ, तो मामला अदालत के बाहर सुलझ सकता है। If both parties agree, the matter can be settled outside court.
(agar donon paksh raazii ho jaaen, to maamlaa adaalat ke baahar sulajh saktaa hai।)
Register: Formal -- Mood: Subjunctive -- Voice: Active
पक्षों के बीच समझौता कल हस्ताक्षरित किया जाएगा। The agreement between the parties will be signed tomorrow.
(pakshon ke biich samjhautaa kal hastaakshrit kiyaa jaaegaa।)
Register: Formal -- Mood: Indicative -- Tense: Future -- Voice: Passive
कृपया दोनों पक्ष अपने-अपने दस्तावेज़ जमा करें। Please, both parties submit your respective documents.
(kripyaa donon paksh apne-apne dastaavez jamaa karen।)
Register: Formal -- Mood: Imperative -- Voice: Active
अगर वह पक्ष हार जाता, तो कंपनी को भारी जुर्माना भरना पड़ता। If that party had lost, the company would have had to pay a heavy fine.
(agar vah paksh haar jaataa, to kampnii ko bhaarii jurmaanaa bharnaa padtaa।)
Register: Formal -- Mood: Counterfactual -- Aspect: Habitual -- Voice: Active
पत्रकार ने बताया कि विरोधी पक्ष अगली सुनवाई में नए सबूत पेश करेगा। The journalist reported that the opposing party will present new evidence at the next hearing.
(patrkaar ne bataayaa ki virodhii paksh aglii sunvaaii men nae saboot pesh karegaa।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Indicative -- Tense: Future -- Voice: Active
पक्ष और विपक्ष दोनों ने बहस के दौरान अपनी-अपनी दलीलें रखीं। Both the ruling party and the opposition presented their respective arguments during the debate.
(paksh aur vipaksh donon ne bahas ke dauraan apnii-apnii daliilen rakhiin।)
Register: Formal -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Perfective -- Tense: Past -- Voice: Active
यार, इस झगड़े में तू किस पक्ष का है? Dude, which side are you on in this fight?
(yaar, is jhagde men too kis paksh kaa hai?)
Register: Casual -- Mood: Indicative -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Active
Sense 3 : support, favor (taking someone's side)
noun, masculine This sense typically appears in the fixed pattern X का पक्ष लेना (X kaa paksh lenaa, 'to take X's side/support X').
Synonyms: समर्थन (samarthan, meaning scope: more general 'support', less tied to sides), साथ (saath, meaning scope: broader, 'company/backing')
Frequency: medium
Cultural Note: Parents and teachers say things like हमेशा छोटे भाई का पक्ष मत लो (hameshaa chhote bhaaii kaa paksh mat lo, "don't always take the younger brother's side") -- a very familiar household scolding in sibling disputes.
Common Mistakes: 1) The verb here is लेना (lenaa) -- पक्ष लेना (paksh lenaa) means 'to take someone's side,' not 'to give support,' which trips up learners who expect देना (denaa) by analogy with English 'give support.'
Sample Sentences:
हमेशा छोटे भाई का पक्ष मत लो। Don't always take the younger brother's side.
(hameshaa chhote bhaaii kaa paksh mat lo।)
Register: Casual -- Mood: Imperative -- Voice: Active
मम्मी हमेशा उसी का पक्ष लेती हैं। Mom always takes his side.
(mammii hameshaa usii kaa paksh letii hain।)
Register: Casual -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Habitual -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Active
टीचर ने बहस में मेरा पक्ष लिया। The teacher took my side in the argument.
(tiichar ne bahas men meraa paksh liyaa।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Perfective -- Tense: Past -- Voice: Active
कृपया इस मामले में मेरा पक्ष लीजिए। Please support me in this matter.
(kripyaa is maamle men meraa paksh liijie।)
Register: Formal -- Mood: Imperative -- Voice: Active
अगर तुम मेरा पक्ष लेते तो झगड़ा वहीं खत्म हो जाता। If you had supported me, the quarrel would have ended right there.
(agar tum meraa paksh lete to jhagdaa vahiin khatm ho jaataa।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Counterfactual -- Aspect: Habitual -- Voice: Active
क्या तुम मेरे पक्ष में बोलोगे? Will you speak in my favor?
(kyaa tum mere paksh men bologe?)
Register: Casual -- Mood: Indicative -- Tense: Future -- Voice: Active
पंचायत ने गरीब किसान के पक्ष में फैसला सुनाया। The panchayat gave its verdict in favor of the poor farmer.
(panchaayat ne gariib kisaan ke paksh men phaislaa sunaayaa।)
Register: Formal -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Perfective -- Tense: Past -- Voice: Active
मुझे उम्मीद है कि जनता हमारा पक्ष ले। I hope the public will support us.
(mujhe ummiid hai ki jantaa hamaaraa paksh le।)
Register: Formal -- Mood: Subjunctive -- Voice: Active
बहन का पक्ष हमेशा उसी की सहेलियाँ लेती हैं। The sister's friends always take her side.
(bahan kaa paksh hameshaa usii kii saheliyaan letii hain।)
Register: Casual -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Habitual -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Active
उस बैठक में हमारा पक्ष किसी ने नहीं लिया। No one supported us in that meeting.
(us baithak men hamaaraa paksh kisii ne nahiin liyaa।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Perfective -- Tense: Past -- Voice: Active
Sense 4 : lunar fortnight (half of a lunar month in the Hindu calendar)
noun, masculine Appears almost always inside the compound terms शुक्ल पक्ष (shukl paksh, 'the bright/waxing fortnight') and कृष्ण पक्ष (krishn paksh, 'the dark/waning fortnight'), rarely as a standalone word.
Frequency: low
Cultural Note: Every Hindu festival date is fixed by this fortnight system -- when a priest or calendar (पंचांग panchaang) gives a date, it is stated as so many days into शुक्ल पक्ष (shukl paksh) or कृष्ण पक्ष (krishn paksh) of a given month, not by the Western date.
Sample Sentences:
दीवाली कार्तिक महीने के कृष्ण पक्ष की अमावस्या को मनाई जाती है। Diwali is celebrated on the new-moon day of the dark fortnight of the month of Kartik.
(diivaalii kaartik mahiine ke krishn paksh kii amaavasyaa ko manaaii jaatii hai।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Habitual -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Passive
पंडित जी ने बताया कि पूजा शुक्ल पक्ष की पंचमी को होगी। The priest said that the worship ceremony will be on the fifth day of the bright fortnight.
(pandit jii ne bataayaa ki poojaa shukl paksh kii panchmii ko hogii।)
Register: Formal -- Mood: Indicative -- Tense: Future -- Voice: Active
एक चंद्र मास में दो पक्ष होते हैं, शुक्ल और कृष्ण। A lunar month has two fortnights, the bright one and the dark one.
(ek chandr maas men do paksh hote hain, shukl aur krishn।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Habitual -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Active
पंचांग देखकर पता चला कि आज कृष्ण पक्ष की अष्टमी है। After checking the panchang, it turned out that today is the eighth day of the dark fortnight.
(panchaang dekhkar pataa chalaa ki aaj krishn paksh kii ashtmii hai।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Perfective -- Tense: Past -- Voice: Active
अगर आज पूर्णिमा होती, तो यह शुक्ल पक्ष की अंतिम तिथि कहलाती। If today were the full moon, it would be called the last date of the bright fortnight.
(agar aaj poornimaa hotii, to yah shukl paksh kii antim tithi kahlaatii।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Counterfactual -- Aspect: Habitual -- Voice: Passive
व्रत के लिए शुक्ल पक्ष की एकादशी सबसे शुभ मानी जाती है। For fasting, the eleventh day of the bright fortnight is considered the most auspicious.
(vrat ke lie shukl paksh kii ekaadshii sabse shubh maanii jaatii hai।)
Register: Devotional -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Habitual -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Passive
कृष्ण पक्ष की चतुर्दशी को शिवरात्रि की तैयारी शुरू हो जाती है। On the fourteenth day of the dark fortnight, preparations for Shivratri begin.
(krishn paksh kii chaturdshii ko shivraatri kii taiyaarii shuroo ho jaatii hai।)
Register: Devotional -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Habitual -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Active
कृपया मुझे बताइए कि पितृ पक्ष कब से शुरू हो रहा है। Please tell me from when the fortnight of the ancestors is starting.
(kripyaa mujhe bataaie ki pitri paksh kab se shuroo ho rahaa hai।)
Register: Formal -- Mood: Imperative -- Aspect: Continuous -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Active
शायद यह तिथि शुक्ल पक्ष की हो, मुझे ठीक से याद नहीं। Perhaps this date belongs to the bright fortnight, I don't remember exactly.
(shaayad yah tithi shukl paksh kii ho, mujhe thiik se yaad nahiin।)
Register: Casual -- Mood: Subjunctive -- Voice: Active
Morphology
Noun
(sg.m.direct): पक्ष (paksh)
(sg.m.oblique): पक्ष (paksh)
(pl.m.direct): पक्ष (paksh)
(pl.m.oblique): पक्षों (pakshon)