विषय (vishay)

noun A versatile noun covering 'topic/subject' (of discussion, study, or a book), 'subject matter' in an academic sense, and by extension 'matter/affair' in more formal or written registers.
Sense 1 : topic, subject of discussion
noun, masculine
Synonyms: मुद्दा (muddaa, issue), प्रसंग (prasang, context/topic)
Frequency: high
Cultural Note: You will see this word everywhere in school and college life in Delhi -- a project has a विषय (vishay), a debate competition announces its विषय (vishay), and a teacher might ask, 'इस निबंध का विषय क्या है' (is nibandh kaa vishay kyaa hai, 'what is the topic of this essay'). It sits a notch above casual चीज़ (chiiz, 'thing') in formality.
Common Mistakes: 1) Learners often reach for टॉपिक (topik) in casual speech, which is perfectly common, but विषय (vishay) is the word you will hear in any slightly more formal or written context, like a meeting agenda or an essay title.
Sample Sentences:
इस निबंध का विषय क्या है? What is the topic of this essay?
(is nibandh kaa vishay kyaa hai?)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Indicative -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Active
आज की बहस का विषय बहुत दिलचस्प है। Today's debate topic is very interesting.
(aaj kii bahas kaa vishay bahut dilchasp hai।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Indicative -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Active
हमने अभी तक प्रोजेक्ट का विषय तय नहीं किया। We haven't decided on the project's topic yet.
(hamne abhii tak projekt kaa vishay tay nahiin kiyaa।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Perfective -- Tense: Past -- Voice: Active
कृपया अपने भाषण का विषय पहले से बता दीजिए। Please tell us your speech's topic in advance.
(kripyaa apne bhaashan kaa vishay pahle se bataa diijie।)
Register: Formal -- Mood: Imperative -- Voice: Active
अगर विषय बदल जाए, तो हमें फिर से तैयारी करनी होगी। If the topic changes, we will have to prepare again.
(agar vishay badal jaae, to hamen phir se taiyaarii karnii hogii।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Subjunctive -- Voice: Active
काश हमें कोई आसान विषय मिलता। I wish we had gotten an easier topic.
(kaash hamen koii aasaan vishay miltaa।)
Register: Casual -- Mood: Counterfactual -- Aspect: Habitual -- Voice: Active
प्रतियोगिता का विषय अगले हफ्ते घोषित किया जाएगा। The competition's topic will be announced next week.
(pratiyogitaa kaa vishay agle haphte ghoshit kiyaa jaaegaa।)
Register: Formal -- Mood: Indicative -- Tense: Future -- Voice: Passive
शिक्षिका हर हफ्ते एक नया विषय चुनती हैं। The teacher picks a new topic every week.
(shikshikaa har haphte ek nayaa vishay chuntii hain।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Habitual -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Active
इस मीटिंग में जो विषय उठाया गया था, वह काफी संवेदनशील था। The topic that was raised in this meeting was quite sensitive.
(is miiting men jo vishay uthaayaa gayaa thaa, vah kaaphii sanvedanshiil thaa।)
Register: Formal -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Perfective -- Tense: Past -- Voice: Passive
यार, आज की क्लास का विषय समझ ही नहीं आया। Dude, I just didn't understand today's class topic.
(yaar, aaj kii klaas kaa vishay samajh hii nahiin aayaa।)
Register: Casual -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Perfective -- Tense: Past -- Voice: Active
इस पुस्तक में विषय को बड़ी गहराई से समझाया गया है। The topic has been explained in great depth in this book.
(is pustak men vishay ko badii gahraaii se samjhaayaa gayaa hai।)
Register: Literary -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Perfective -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Passive
Sense 2 : academic subject (school/college)
noun, masculine
Frequency: high
Cultural Note: Ask any Delhi schoolkid मुख्य विषय क्या हैं (mukhy vishay kyaa hain, 'what are the main subjects') and they will rattle off हिंदी (hindii), गणित (ganit), विज्ञान (vigyaan) without a beat -- this is the everyday word for a school or college subject, right alongside the English loan 'subject' itself, which many students use interchangeably in casual talk.
Sample Sentences:
मेरा पसंदीदा विषय गणित है। My favorite subject is math.
(meraa pasandiidaa vishay ganit hai।)
Register: Casual -- Mood: Indicative -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Active
इस साल हमें छह विषय पढ़ने हैं। This year we have to study six subjects.
(is saal hamen chhah vishay padhne hain।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Habitual -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Active
वह विज्ञान विषय में हमेशा अच्छे नंबर लाती थी। She always used to get good marks in the science subject.
(vah vigyaan vishay men hameshaa achchhe nambar laatii thii।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Habitual -- Tense: Past -- Voice: Active
अगले साल कौन सा विषय चुनोगे? Which subject will you choose next year?
(agle saal kaun saa vishay chunoge?)
Register: Casual -- Mood: Indicative -- Tense: Future -- Voice: Active
कृपया अपने ऐच्छिक विषय का चयन कर लें। Please select your elective subject.
(kripyaa apne aichchhik vishay kaa chayan kar len।)
Register: Formal -- Mood: Imperative -- Voice: Active
काश मुझे इतिहास विषय में इतने कठिन प्रश्न न मिलते। I wish I hadn't gotten such difficult questions in the history subject.
(kaash mujhe itihaas vishay men itne kathin prashn n milte।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Counterfactual -- Aspect: Habitual -- Voice: Active
अगर मैंने कॉमर्स विषय लिया होता, तो शायद बेहतर करता। If I had taken commerce as a subject, I would have probably done better.
(agar mainne komars vishay liyaa hotaa, to shaayad behtar kartaa।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Counterfactual -- Aspect: Perfective -- Voice: Active
स्कूल में मुख्य विषय क्या हैं? What are the main subjects in school?
(skool men mukhy vishay kyaa hain?)
Register: Casual -- Mood: Indicative -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Active
हिंदी, गणित और विज्ञान -- ये सब मेरे विषय हैं। Hindi, math, and science -- these are all my subjects.
(hindii, ganit aur vigyaan -- ye sab mere vishay hain।)
Register: Casual -- Mood: Indicative -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Active
विश्वविद्यालय में स्नातक स्तर पर विषयों की सूची हर विभाग द्वारा जारी की जाती है। At the undergraduate level in the university, the list of subjects is issued by each department.
(vishvvidyaalay men snaatak star par vishyon kii soochii har vibhaag dvaaraa jaarii kii jaatii hai।)
Register: Formal -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Habitual -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Passive
शायद उसे भूगोल विषय पसंद आ जाए। Maybe she will come to like the geography subject.
(shaayad use bhoogol vishay pasand aa jaae।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Subjunctive -- Voice: Active
Sense 3 : matter, affair (formal/written)
noun, masculine Common in the fixed frame 'X के विषय में' (X ke vishay men, 'regarding/about X'), a more formal alternative to 'X के बारे में' (X ke baare men).
Synonyms: मामला (maamlaa), बात (baat)
Frequency: medium
Cultural Note: This is the register you meet in official letters and news anchors' openings -- 'इस विषय में सरकार ने कहा है' (is vishay men sarkaar ne kahaa hai, 'regarding this matter, the government has said'). It carries a slightly bureaucratic or journalistic flavor compared to the warmer, everyday के बारे में (ke baare men).
Common Mistakes: 1) In spoken Hindi, के बारे में (ke baare men) is far more common than के विषय में (ke vishay men) for 'about'; the latter shows up more in letters, official notices, and news reports, so leaning on it too heavily in casual conversation can sound stiff.
Sample Sentences:
इस विषय में सरकार ने अभी तक कोई बयान नहीं दिया है। The government has not yet given any statement regarding this matter.
(is vishay men sarkaar ne abhii tak koii bayaan nahiin diyaa hai।)
Register: Formal -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Perfective -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Active
यह विषय अदालत में विचाराधीन है। This matter is under consideration in court.
(yah vishay adaalat men vichaaraadhiin hai।)
Register: Formal -- Mood: Indicative -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Passive
कृपया इस विषय पर अपनी राय शीघ्र प्रस्तुत करें। Please submit your opinion on this matter promptly.
(kripyaa is vishay par apnii raay shiighr prastut karen।)
Register: Formal -- Mood: Imperative -- Voice: Active
समिति ने इस विषय पर विस्तृत रिपोर्ट तैयार की है। The committee has prepared a detailed report on this matter.
(samiti ne is vishay par vistrit riport taiyaar kii hai।)
Register: Formal -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Perfective -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Active
इस विषय में मंत्रालय से स्पष्टीकरण मांगा गया है। In this matter, a clarification has been sought from the ministry.
(is vishay men mantraalay se spashtiikran maangaa gayaa hai।)
Register: Formal -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Perfective -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Passive
यदि यह विषय संसद में उठाया जाता तो बेहतर होता। It would have been better if this matter had been raised in parliament.
(yadi yah vishay sansad men uthaayaa jaataa to behtar hotaa।)
Register: Formal -- Mood: Counterfactual -- Aspect: Habitual -- Voice: Passive
अखबार ने इस विषय पर एक विशेष रिपोर्ट प्रकाशित की। The newspaper published a special report on this matter.
(akhbaar ne is vishay par ek vishesh riport prakaashit kii।)
Register: Formal -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Perfective -- Tense: Past -- Voice: Active
इस विषय में जो भी निर्णय लिया जाए, सबको स्वीकार्य होना चाहिए। Whatever decision is made regarding this matter, it should be acceptable to everyone.
(is vishay men jo bhii nirnay liyaa jaae, sabko sviikaary honaa chaahie।)
Register: Formal -- Mood: Subjunctive -- Voice: Passive
प्रधानमंत्री इस विषय पर राष्ट्र को संबोधित करेंगे। The Prime Minister will address the nation on this matter.
(pradhaanmantrii is vishay par raashtr ko sambodhit karenge।)
Register: Formal -- Mood: Indicative -- Tense: Future -- Voice: Active
Sense 4 : sensory object / object of the senses (philosophical)
noun, masculine
Frequency: literary
Cultural Note: In classical and philosophical texts, विषय (vishay) refers to the objects that the senses (इंद्रियाँ, indriyaan) perceive -- sound, taste, sight, and so on -- as discussed in Vedantic and yogic thought. A learner will rarely need this sense in conversation, but it explains why the word carries such weight in spiritual writing.
Sample Sentences:
इंद्रियाँ अपने-अपने विषयों की ओर स्वाभाविक रूप से आकर्षित होती हैं। The senses are naturally drawn toward their respective sense-objects.
(indriyaan apne-apne vishyon kii or svaabhaavik roop se aakarshit hotii hain।)
Register: Literary -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Habitual -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Active
शब्द, स्पर्श, रूप, रस और गंध -- ये पाँचों इंद्रियों के विषय कहलाते हैं। Sound, touch, form, taste, and smell -- these five are called the objects of the senses.
(shabd, sparsh, roop, ras aur gandh -- ye paanchon indriyon ke vishay kahlaate hain।)
Register: Literary -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Habitual -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Passive
योगी विषयों में लिप्त हुए बिना जीवन जीता है। The yogi lives his life without becoming entangled in sense-objects.
(yogii vishyon men lipt hue binaa jiivan jiitaa hai।)
Register: Devotional -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Habitual -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Active
जब तक मन विषयों की ओर दौड़ता रहेगा, शांति नहीं मिलेगी। As long as the mind keeps running toward sense-objects, peace will not be attained.
(jab tak man vishyon kii or daudtaa rahegaa, shaanti nahiin milegii।)
Register: Literary -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Continuous -- Tense: Future -- Voice: Active
गीता में कहा गया है कि विषयों का चिंतन करने से आसक्ति उत्पन्न होती है। It is said in the Gita that contemplating sense-objects gives rise to attachment.
(giitaa men kahaa gayaa hai ki vishyon kaa chintan karne se aasakti utpann hotii hai।)
Register: Devotional -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Habitual -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Passive
यदि साधक विषयों से मन हटा ले, तो ध्यान गहरा होता है। If the seeker withdraws his mind from sense-objects, meditation deepens.
(yadi saadhak vishyon se man hataa le, to dhyaan gahraa hotaa hai।)
Register: Literary -- Mood: Subjunctive -- Voice: Active
काश मन विषयों में इतना उलझा हुआ न होता, तो आत्मज्ञान सहज होता। If only the mind were not so entangled in sense-objects, self-knowledge would come easily.
(kaash man vishyon men itnaa uljhaa huaa n hotaa, to aatmgyaan sahaj hotaa।)
Register: Literary -- Mood: Counterfactual -- Aspect: Perfective -- Voice: Active
इंद्रियों को विषयों से हटाकर अंतर्मुख करो। Withdraw the senses from their objects and turn inward.
(indriyon ko vishyon se hataakar antarmukh karo।)
Register: Devotional -- Mood: Imperative -- Voice: Active
वैराग्य की अवस्था में विषयों का आकर्षण धीरे-धीरे क्षीण होता जाता है। In the state of detachment, the attraction of sense-objects gradually diminishes.
(vairaagy kii avasthaa men vishyon kaa aakarshan dhiire-dhiire kshiin hotaa jaataa hai।)
Register: Literary -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Continuous -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Active
Morphology
Noun
(sg.m.direct): विषय (vishay)
(sg.m.oblique): विषय (vishay)
(pl.m.direct): विषय (vishay)
(pl.m.oblique): विषयों (vishyon)