शक (shak)

noun A single common noun meaning 'doubt' or 'suspicion' -- the feeling that something or someone isn't trustworthy, as opposed to conceptual/intellectual doubt about a fact.
Sense 1 : doubt, suspicion (about a person's honesty, loyalty, or intentions)
noun, masculine Most commonly used with होना (honaa) in a dative-subject frame: किसी को किसी पर शक होना (kisii ko kisii par shak honaa, 'someone to suspect someone') -- the person feeling suspicious takes को, and the person suspected takes पर (par).
Synonyms: संदेह (sandeh, formal), संशय (sanshay, literary), शुबहा (shubahaa)
Frequency: high
Cultural Note: शक (shak) is the word you reach for in everyday drama -- a mother suspecting a servant, a wife suspecting a husband, a boss suspecting an employee. It carries an emotional, almost accusatory weight that its more formal cousin संदेह (sandeh) lacks; संदेह sounds like something a lawyer or a news anchor would say, while शक is what you'd actually say to your neighbor over the boundary wall.
Common Mistakes: 1) Learners often say शक करना (shak karnaa) when they mean the involuntary feeling of suspicion, but करना (karnaa) frames it as a deliberate act -- 'to cast suspicion on/accuse.' For the ordinary feeling ('I suspect...') native speakers reach for मुझे शक है (mujhe shak hai, 'I have a suspicion'), not मैं शक करता हूँ (main shak kartaa hoon). 2) The object of suspicion takes पर (par), not पे or को -- मुझे उस पर शक है (mujhe us par shak hai, 'I suspect him'), never उसे शक (use shak) for this meaning.
Sample Sentences:
मुझे उस पर शक है। I suspect him.
(mujhe us par shak hai।)
Register: Casual -- Mood: Indicative -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Active
उसे अपने ही नौकर पर शक हो गया। She became suspicious of her own servant.
(use apne hii naukar par shak ho gayaa।)
Register: Casual -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Perfective -- Tense: Past -- Voice: Active
बीवी को शौहर पर शक रहने लगा था। The wife had started suspecting her husband.
(biivii ko shauhar par shak rahne lagaa thaa।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Habitual -- Tense: Past -- Voice: Active
बॉस को शक है कि कोई फाइलें चुरा रहा है। The boss suspects that someone is stealing the files.
(bos ko shak hai ki koii phaailen churaa rahaa hai।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Continuous -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Active
मुझ पर शक मत करो, मैंने कुछ नहीं किया। Don't suspect me, I haven't done anything.
(mujh par shak mat karo, mainne kuchh nahiin kiyaa।)
Register: Casual -- Mood: Imperative -- Voice: Active
अगर तुम शक ही करते रहोगे, तो हमारा रिश्ता नहीं चलेगा। If you keep suspecting me like this, our relationship won't survive.
(agar tum shak hii karte rahoge, to hamaaraa rishtaa nahiin chalegaa।)
Register: Casual -- Mood: Indicative -- Tense: Future -- Voice: Active
अगर वह सच बोलता, तो किसी को उस पर शक न होता। If he had told the truth, nobody would have suspected him.
(agar vah sach boltaa, to kisii ko us par shak n hotaa।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Counterfactual -- Aspect: Habitual -- Voice: Active
पड़ोसी को शक है कि उसका पति किसी और के साथ है। The neighbor suspects her husband is with someone else.
(padosii ko shak hai ki uskaa pati kisii aur ke saath hai।)
Register: Casual -- Mood: Indicative -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Active
माँ को हमेशा नौकरों पर शक होता है। Mother always suspects the servants.
(maan ko hameshaa naukron par shak hotaa hai।)
Register: Casual -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Habitual -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Active
शायद उसे मुझ पर शक हो, इसलिए वह ठीक से बात नहीं कर रही। Maybe she suspects me, that's why she isn't talking to me properly.
(shaayad use mujh par shak ho, islie vah thiik se baat nahiin kar rahii।)
Register: Casual -- Mood: Subjunctive -- Voice: Active
उस पर शक करने की कोई वजह नहीं है। There is no reason to suspect him.
(us par shak karne kii koii vajah nahiin hai।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Indicative -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Active
एक बार शक हो जाए, तो भरोसा वापस लाना मुश्किल होता है। Once suspicion sets in, it's hard to bring the trust back.
(ek baar shak ho jaae, to bharosaa vaapas laanaa mushkil hotaa hai।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Subjunctive -- Aspect: Habitual -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Active
Morphology
Noun
(sg.m.direct): शक (shak)
(sg.m.oblique): शक (shak)
(pl.m.direct): शक (shak)
(pl.m.oblique): शकों (shakon)