विष (vish)
noun
A formal/literary-leaning word for poison, used both literally and in common figurative expressions about bitterness or venomous feeling; the everyday word ज़हर (zahar) is its more colloquial counterpart.
Sense
1
:
poison, venom (literal toxic substance)
noun, masculine
Synonyms: ज़हर (zahar), गरल (garal, literary)
Frequency: medium
Cultural Note: विष (vish) carries a mythological weight: think of समुद्र मंथन (samudr manthan, 'the churning of the ocean'), where the god शिव (shiv) drinks the world-poison to save creation and earns the name नीलकंठ (niilkanth, 'blue-throated one'). That story is why the word feels a shade more epic than its plain cousin ज़हर (zahar).
Common Mistakes: 1) Learners default to ज़हर (zahar) in speech, which is correct -- विष (vish) is not wrong but sounds more bookish or formal, more likely in a news report, a mythological story, or a doctor's warning than in casual kitchen or market talk.
Sample Sentences:
साँप के दाँतों में विष होता है।
There is venom in a snake's fangs.
(saamp ke daanton men vish hotaa hai।)
शिव ने सृष्टि को बचाने के लिए विष पी लिया था।
Shiva drank the poison to save creation.
(shiv ne srishti ko bachaane ke lie vish pii liyaa thaa।)
समुद्र मंथन के समय विष सबसे पहले निकला था।
At the time of the churning of the ocean, poison emerged first of all.
(samudr manthan ke samay vish sabse pahle niklaa thaa।)
इस पौधे की पत्तियों में विष पाया जाता है।
Poison is found in the leaves of this plant.
(is paudhe kii pattiyon men vish paayaa jaataa hai।)
बिच्छू ने उसे डंक मारा और विष उसकी नस-नस में फैल गया।
The scorpion stung him and the poison spread through every vein.
(bichchhoo ne use dank maaraa aur vish uskii nas-nas men phail gayaa।)
डॉक्टर ने कहा कि घाव में विष फैल रहा है।
The doctor said that the poison is spreading in the wound.
(doktar ne kahaa ki ghaav men vish phail rahaa hai।)
यदि यह विष होता, तो अब तक वह मर गया होता।
If this had been poison, he would have died by now.
(yadi yah vish hotaa, to ab tak vah mar gayaa hotaa।)
उस प्याले में विष मत मिलाना।
Don't mix poison into that cup.
(us pyaale men vish mat milaanaa।)
वैज्ञानिक विष का प्रतिविष खोजने में जुटे हैं।
The scientists are engaged in finding an antidote to the poison.
(vaigyaanik vish kaa prativish khojne men jute hain।)
शायद इस कुएँ के पानी में विष मिला हो।
Perhaps poison has been mixed into this well's water.
(shaayad is kuen ke paanii men vish milaa ho।)
Sense
2
:
figurative venom or bitterness (in speech, feelings, or relationships)
noun, masculine Often appears in fixed phrases like विष घोलना (vish gholnaa, 'to dissolve poison,' i.e. to poison a relationship or atmosphere with malice) and मन में विष भरना (man men vish bharnaa, 'to fill the heart with venom').
Synonyms: कड़वाहट (kadvaahat, covers emotional bitterness specifically), ज़हर (zahar)
Frequency: medium
Cultural Note: You will hear this in emotionally charged or dramatic speech -- a mother warning against gossip that विष घोलता है (vish gholtaa hai, 'sows poison') in a family, or a political speech accusing rivals of spreading विष (vish) in society. It is a favorite word of Hindi journalism and moral speeches for exactly this reason.
Sample Sentences:
उसकी बातों में इतना विष क्यों भरा है?
Why is there so much venom in his words?
(uskii baaton men itnaa vish kyon bharaa hai?)
नेता जी ने अपने भाषण में समाज में विष घोलने का आरोप विपक्ष पर लगाया।
In his speech, the leader accused the opposition of sowing venom in society.
(netaa jii ne apne bhaashan men samaaj men vish gholne kaa aarop vipaksh par lagaayaa।)
माँ हमेशा कहती थी कि गपशप घर में विष घोलती है।
Mother always used to say that gossip sows venom in a household.
(maan hameshaa kahtii thii ki gapshap ghar men vish gholtii hai।)
तुम इतना विष मत उगलो, यह तुम्हारे ही परिवार की बात है।
Don't spew so much venom, this is about your own family after all.
(tum itnaa vish mat uglo, yah tumhaare hii parivaar kii baat hai।)
अगर उसके मन में इतना विष न होता, तो वह अपने भाई से इस तरह पेश न आता।
If there hadn't been so much bitterness in his heart, he wouldn't have treated his brother this way.
(agar uske man men itnaa vish n hotaa, to vah apne bhaaii se is tarah pesh n aataa।)
समाज में फैलाया जा रहा यह विष कब रुकेगा?
When will this venom being spread in society finally stop?
(samaaj men phailaayaa jaa rahaa yah vish kab rukegaa?)
अखबार वाले हर खबर में थोड़ा विष घोल ही देते हैं।
The newspapers manage to mix a bit of venom into every piece of news.
(akhbaar vaale har khabar men thodaa vish ghol hii dete hain।)
काश उसकी जुबान में इतना विष न भरा होता।
If only there weren't so much venom filled in his tongue.
(kaash uskii jubaan men itnaa vish n bharaa hotaa।)
यह पत्र ईर्ष्या के विष से लिखा हुआ लगता है।
This letter seems written with the venom of jealousy.
(yah patr iirshyaa ke vish se likhaa huaa lagtaa hai।)
रिश्तों में जो विष एक बार घुल जाए, वह आसानी से नहीं निकलता।
Once venom dissolves into relationships, it does not easily go away.
(rishton men jo vish ek baar ghul jaae, vah aasaanii se nahiin nikaltaa।)
Morphology
Noun
(sg.m.direct):
विष
(vish)
(sg.m.oblique):
विष
(vish)
(pl.m.direct):
विष
(vish)
(pl.m.oblique):
विषों
(vishon)