दल (dal)

noun Mainly a political/organizational word meaning 'party' or 'group/team', with a secondary botanical sense of 'petal' seen in compounds like कमलदल (kamaldal).
Sense 1 : political party
noun, masculine
Synonyms: पार्टी (paartii), पक्ष (paksh, formal)
Frequency: high
Cultural Note: You will meet this constantly in the news: भारतीय जनता दल (bhaartiiy jantaa dal) style names, विरोधी दल (virodhii dal, 'opposition party'), or सत्तारूढ़ दल (sattaaroodh dal, 'ruling party'). It has a slightly more official, textbook-and-newsroom flavor than पार्टी (paartii), which is what people actually say in casual conversation.
Common Mistakes: 1) Learners often default to पार्टी (paartii) for every context, but दल (dal) is the word used in formal/news registers for political parties -- राजनीतिक दल (raajniitik dal, 'political party') is the standard phrase in newspapers and civics textbooks, not राजनीतिक पार्टी (raajniitik paartii).
Sample Sentences:
विरोधी दल ने सरकार के फैसले का विरोध किया। The opposition party opposed the government's decision.
(virodhii dal ne sarkaar ke phaisle kaa virodh kiyaa।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Perfective -- Tense: Past -- Voice: Active
सत्तारूढ़ दल अगले चुनाव की तैयारी कर रहा है। The ruling party is preparing for the next election.
(sattaaroodh dal agle chunaav kii taiyaarii kar rahaa hai।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Continuous -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Active
हर दल अपने घोषणापत्र में जनता से बड़े-बड़े वादे करता है। Every party makes big promises to the public in its manifesto.
(har dal apne ghoshnaapatr men jantaa se bade-bade vaade kartaa hai।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Habitual -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Active
क्या आपका दल इस विधेयक का समर्थन करेगा? Will your party support this bill?
(kyaa aapkaa dal is vidheyak kaa samarthan karegaa?)
Register: Formal -- Mood: Indicative -- Tense: Future -- Voice: Active
यह विधेयक संसद में सभी दलों की सहमति से पास किया गया। This bill was passed in Parliament with the consent of all parties.
(yah vidheyak sansad men sabhii dalon kii sahamti se paas kiyaa gayaa।)
Register: Formal -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Perfective -- Tense: Past -- Voice: Passive
काश हमारा दल भी इतनी सीटें जीत पाता। If only our party could have won this many seats too.
(kaash hamaaraa dal bhii itnii siiten jiit paataa।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Counterfactual -- Aspect: Habitual -- Voice: Active
अगर दल में इतनी फूट न होती, तो नतीजे अलग होते। If there hadn't been so much division within the party, the results would have been different.
(agar dal men itnii phoot n hotii, to natiije alag hote।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Counterfactual -- Aspect: Habitual -- Voice: Active
देश में सैकड़ों छोटे-छोटे राजनीतिक दल पंजीकृत हैं। Hundreds of small political parties are registered in the country.
(desh men saikdon chhote-chhote raajniitik dal panjiikrit hain।)
Register: Formal -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Perfective -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Passive
पत्रकार ने पूछा कि क्या दल में नेतृत्व बदलने की संभावना है। The journalist asked whether there was a possibility of a leadership change in the party.
(patrkaar ne poochhaa ki kyaa dal men netritv badalne kii sambhaavnaa hai।)
Register: Formal -- Mood: Subjunctive -- Aspect: Perfective -- Tense: Past -- Voice: Active
दल के नेता ने कार्यकर्ताओं से एकजुट रहने की अपील की। The party leader appealed to the workers to remain united.
(dal ke netaa ne kaarykartaaon se ekjut rahne kii apiil kii।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Perfective -- Tense: Past -- Voice: Active
कृपया अपने दल का घोषणापत्र समय पर जारी करें। Please release your party's manifesto on time.
(kripyaa apne dal kaa ghoshnaapatr samay par jaarii karen।)
Register: Formal -- Mood: Imperative -- Voice: Active
Sense 2 : group, team, or contingent
noun, masculine
Synonyms: समूह (samooh), टोली (tolii), टीम (tiim)
Frequency: medium
Cultural Note: You'll hear this in phrases like बचाव दल (bachaav dal, 'rescue team') or जांच दल (jaanch dal, 'investigation team') in news reports about disasters or inquiries -- it signals a formally constituted group with a job to do.
Common Mistakes: 1) दल (dal) leans toward organized or purposeful groups (a task force, a rescue team, a squad) rather than a loose crowd of people -- for a random cluster, भीड़ (bhiid) or समूह (samooh) fits better.
Sample Sentences:
बचाव दल घटनास्थल पर पहुँच गया है। The rescue team has reached the scene.
(bachaav dal ghatnaasthal par pahunch gayaa hai।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Perfective -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Active
सरकार ने हादसे की जांच के लिए एक दल भेजा। The government sent a team to investigate the accident.
(sarkaar ne haadse kii jaanch ke lie ek dal bhejaa।)
Register: Formal -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Perfective -- Tense: Past -- Voice: Active
हमारा दल कल पहाड़ों पर चढ़ाई शुरू करेगा। Our team will start the mountain climb tomorrow.
(hamaaraa dal kal pahaadon par chadhaaii shuroo karegaa।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Indicative -- Tense: Future -- Voice: Active
हर दल के सदस्य अपनी-अपनी जिम्मेदारी समझते हैं। Every team's members understand their respective responsibilities.
(har dal ke sadasy apnii-apnii jimmedaarii samajhte hain।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Habitual -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Active
बाढ़ में फंसे लोगों को बचाने के लिए दल तैनात किया गया। A team was deployed to save the people trapped in the flood.
(baadh men phanse logon ko bachaane ke lie dal tainaat kiyaa gayaa।)
Register: Formal -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Perfective -- Tense: Past -- Voice: Passive
काश हमारे पास और सदस्यों वाला एक दल होता। If only we had a team with more members.
(kaash hamaare paas aur sadasyon vaalaa ek dal hotaa।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Counterfactual -- Aspect: Habitual -- Voice: Active
दल के नेता ने सबको निर्देश दिए। The team leader gave everyone instructions.
(dal ke netaa ne sabko nirdesh die।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Perfective -- Tense: Past -- Voice: Active
जांच दल को पूरी रिपोर्ट अगले हफ्ते सौंपनी चाहिए। The investigation team should submit the complete report next week.
(jaanch dal ko poorii riport agle haphte saumpnii chaahie।)
Register: Formal -- Mood: Subjunctive -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Active
दल बना लो, फिर काम बाँट लेंगे। Form the team, then we'll divide the work.
(dal banaa lo, phir kaam baant lenge।)
Register: Casual -- Mood: Imperative -- Voice: Active
उस दल में डॉक्टर, इंजीनियर और स्वयंसेवक सभी शामिल थे। That team included doctors, engineers, and volunteers, all of them.
(us dal men doktar, injiiniyar aur svayansevak sabhii shaamil the।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Habitual -- Tense: Past -- Voice: Active
Sense 3 : petal (botanical)
noun, masculine Mostly appears bound in compounds like कमलदल (kamaldal, 'lotus petal') rather than standing alone in everyday speech.
Synonyms: पंखुड़ी (pankhudii)
Frequency: literary
Cultural Note: This sense survives mainly in poetic or descriptive compounds -- कमलदल (kamaldal) evokes the lotus petal beloved in classical Hindi imagery, but in daily conversation about flowers people simply say पंखुड़ी (pankhudii).
Sample Sentences:
कमल का दल जल में खिलता है। The lotus petal blooms in water.
(kamal kaa dal jal men khiltaa hai।)
Register: Literary -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Habitual -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Active
कवि ने कमलदल की कोमलता का वर्णन किया। The poet described the softness of the lotus petal.
(kavi ne kamaldal kii komaltaa kaa varnan kiyaa।)
Register: Literary -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Perfective -- Tense: Past -- Voice: Active
उसकी आँखें कमलदल के समान थीं। Her eyes were like lotus petals.
(uskii aankhen kamaldal ke samaan thiin।)
Register: Literary -- Mood: Indicative -- Tense: Past -- Voice: Active
यदि दल मुरझा जाए, तो सौंदर्य भी क्षीण हो जाता है। If the petal withers, the beauty too fades.
(yadi dal murjhaa jaae, to saundary bhii kshiin ho jaataa hai।)
Register: Literary -- Mood: Subjunctive -- Voice: Active
ओस की बूँदें दल पर मोतियों-सी चमक रही थीं। Drops of dew were shining like pearls on the petal.
(os kii boonden dal par motiyon-sii chamak rahii thiin।)
Register: Literary -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Continuous -- Tense: Past -- Voice: Active
काश उसका मन भी कमलदल-सा निर्मल होता। If only her heart too were pure like a lotus petal.
(kaash uskaa man bhii kamaldal-saa nirmal hotaa।)
Register: Literary -- Mood: Counterfactual -- Voice: Active
छंद में कवि ने दल-दल की तुलना नयनों से की है। In the verse, the poet has compared each petal to the eyes.
(chhand men kavi ne dal-dal kii tulnaa naynon se kii hai।)
Register: Literary -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Perfective -- Tense: Past -- Voice: Active
प्राचीन काव्य में नायिका का मुख कमलदल से उपमित किया जाता था। In ancient poetry, the heroine's face was likened to a lotus petal.
(praachiin kaavy men naayikaa kaa mukh kamaldal se upmit kiyaa jaataa thaa।)
Register: Literary -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Habitual -- Tense: Past -- Voice: Passive
Morphology
Noun
(sg.m.direct): दल (dal)
(sg.m.oblique): दल (dal)
(pl.m.direct): दल (dal)
(pl.m.oblique): दलों (dalon)