शास्त्र (shaastr)

noun A learned/scriptural term meaning a treatise or body of systematic knowledge; also appears as a suffix attached to other words to name a whole field of study (as in विज्ञान (vigyaan) or मनोविज्ञान (manovigyaan)-type formations).
Sense 1 : a scripture or canonical treatise
noun, masculine
Synonyms: ग्रंथ (granth), धर्मग्रंथ (dharmagranth)
Frequency: medium
Cultural Note: Think of the Vedas, the Gita, or classical texts on dance and music -- all called शास्त्र (shaastr). It carries a sense of received, systematized wisdom passed down through tradition, which is why it feels weightier than the everyday किताब (kitaab).
Common Mistakes: 1) Learners sometimes treat शास्त्र (shaastr) as a general word for 'book' -- it specifically implies an authoritative, systematic text (religious, philosophical, or scientific), not just any reading material.
Sample Sentences:
शास्त्रों में कहा गया है कि सत्य की सदा विजय होती है। It is said in the scriptures that truth always triumphs.
(shaastron men kahaa gayaa hai ki saty kii sadaa vijay hotii hai।)
Register: Formal -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Habitual -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Passive
गीता को हिंदू धर्म का सबसे महत्वपूर्ण शास्त्र माना जाता है। The Gita is considered the most important scripture of Hinduism.
(giitaa ko hindoo dharm kaa sabse mahatvpoorn shaastr maanaa jaataa hai।)
Register: Formal -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Habitual -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Passive
पंडित जी बचपन से ही शास्त्रों का अध्ययन कर रहे हैं। The pandit has been studying the scriptures since childhood.
(pandit jii bachpan se hii shaastron kaa adhyyan kar rahe hain।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Continuous -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Active
उसने पुराने शास्त्रों को पढ़ा और उनसे बहुत कुछ सीखा। He read the ancient scriptures and learned a great deal from them.
(usne puraane shaastron ko padhaa aur unse bahut kuchh siikhaa।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Perfective -- Tense: Past -- Voice: Active
अगर तुम शास्त्रों को गहराई से समझना चाहते हो, तो संस्कृत सीखो। If you want to understand the scriptures deeply, learn Sanskrit.
(agar tum shaastron ko gahraaii se samajhnaa chaahte ho, to sanskrit siikho।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Imperative -- Voice: Active
यह मत भूलो कि शास्त्र केवल किताबें नहीं, बल्कि जीवन का मार्गदर्शन हैं। Do not forget that scriptures are not just books, but guidance for life.
(yah mat bhoolo ki shaastr keval kitaaben nahiin, balki jiivan kaa maargdarshan hain।)
Register: Formal -- Mood: Imperative -- Voice: Active
काश मैं भी शास्त्रों का इतना ज्ञान रखता जितना वे स्वामी जी रखते हैं। If only I had as much knowledge of the scriptures as that swami does.
(kaash main bhii shaastron kaa itnaa gyaan rakhtaa jitnaa ve svaamii jii rakhte hain।)
Register: Formal -- Mood: Counterfactual -- Aspect: Habitual -- Voice: Active
गुरुजी ने आदेश दिया कि हर शिष्य को शास्त्रों का पाठ करना चाहिए। The guru ordered that every disciple should recite the scriptures.
(gurujii ne aadesh diyaa ki har shishy ko shaastron kaa paath karnaa chaahie।)
Register: Formal -- Mood: Subjunctive -- Tense: Past -- Voice: Active
प्राचीन शास्त्रों में नृत्य और संगीत के भी नियम लिखे गए हैं। The rules of dance and music too have been written down in the ancient scriptures.
(praachiin shaastron men nrity aur sangiit ke bhii niyam likhe gae hain।)
Register: Literary -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Perfective -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Passive
शास्त्रों की मान्यता है कि आत्मा अमर है। It is the belief of the scriptures that the soul is immortal.
(shaastron kii maanytaa hai ki aatmaa amar hai।)
Register: Devotional -- Mood: Indicative -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Active
Sense 2 : a field of systematic study or science (as a suffix)
noun, masculine Most commonly encountered as the second element of a compound naming an academic discipline, e.g. अर्थशास्त्र (arthshaastr, economics), समाजशास्त्र (samaajshaastr, sociology), राजनीतिशास्त्र (raajniitishaastr, political science).
Synonyms: विज्ञान (vigyaan, often used for natural sciences specifically)
Frequency: high
Cultural Note: This is the piece that turns 'economy' (अर्थ, arth) into 'economics' (अर्थशास्त्र, arthshaastr) -- शास्त्र (shaastr) is Hindi's go-to suffix for naming an entire academic field, much like '-ology' or '-ics' in English.
Common Mistakes: 1) Learners often meet this sense only inside compounds and don't realize शास्त्र (shaastr) can also stand as a freestanding word meaning 'a systematic discipline' or 'treatise' in its own right, as in वास्तुशास्त्र (vaastushaastr, the science/art of architecture).
Sample Sentences:
अर्थशास्त्र एक जटिल विषय है। Economics is a complex subject.
(arthshaastr ek jatil vishay hai।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Indicative -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Active
वह दिल्ली विश्वविद्यालय में राजनीतिशास्त्र पढ़ाती है। She teaches political science at Delhi University.
(vah dillii vishvvidyaalay men raajniitishaastr padhaatii hai।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Habitual -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Active
मैंने कॉलेज में समाजशास्त्र पढ़ा था। I had studied sociology in college.
(mainne kolej men samaajshaastr padhaa thaa।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Perfective -- Tense: Past -- Voice: Active
अगर मैं विज्ञान में अच्छा होता, तो मैं भौतिकशास्त्र पढ़ता। If I were good at science, I would study physics.
(agar main vigyaan men achchhaa hotaa, to main bhautikshaastr padhtaa।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Counterfactual -- Aspect: Habitual -- Voice: Active
क्या तुमने कभी मनोविज्ञानशास्त्र के बारे में सुना है? Have you ever heard of the science of psychology?
(kyaa tumne kabhii manovigyaanshaastr ke baare men sunaa hai?)
Register: Casual -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Perfective -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Active
यह किताब भाषाशास्त्र की एक महत्वपूर्ण रचना मानी जाती है। This book is considered an important work of linguistics.
(yah kitaab bhaashaashaastr kii ek mahatvpoorn rachnaa maanii jaatii hai।)
Register: Formal -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Habitual -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Passive
उम्मीद है कि अगली पीढ़ी पर्यावरणशास्त्र को गंभीरता से ले। Hopefully the next generation takes environmental science seriously.
(ummiid hai ki aglii piidhii paryaavranshaastr ko gambhiirtaa se le।)
Register: Formal -- Mood: Subjunctive -- Voice: Active
इतिहासशास्त्र में शोध करने के लिए बहुत धैर्य चाहिए। Doing research in the discipline of history requires a lot of patience.
(itihaasshaastr men shodh karne ke lie bahut dhairy chaahie।)
Register: Formal -- Mood: Indicative -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Active
वैद्य जी आयुर्वेदशास्त्र के गहन ज्ञाता थे। The physician was a deep scholar of the science of Ayurveda.
(vaidy jii aayurvedshaastr ke gahan gyaataa the।)
Register: Literary -- Mood: Indicative -- Tense: Past -- Voice: Active
बच्चों को गणितशास्त्र की बुनियादी बातें समझनी चाहिए। Children should understand the basics of the science of mathematics.
(bachchon ko ganitshaastr kii buniyaadii baaten samajhnii chaahie।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Subjunctive -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Active
अगर उसने ज्योतिषशास्त्र की जगह जीवशास्त्र चुना होता, तो शायद वह वैज्ञानिक बन जाता। If he had chosen biology instead of astrology, he might have become a scientist.
(agar usne jyotishshaastr kii jagah jiivshaastr chunaa hotaa, to shaayad vah vaigyaanik ban jaataa।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Counterfactual -- Aspect: Perfective -- Voice: Active
Morphology
Noun
(sg.m.direct): शास्त्र (shaastr)
(sg.m.oblique): शास्त्र (shaastr)
(pl.m.direct): शास्त्र (shaastr)
(pl.m.oblique): शास्त्रों (shaastron)