प्रति (prati)

postposition/noun Mainly a formal postposition meaning 'towards/per', but also shows up as a prefix meaning 'counter-/against' in compound words, and as a standalone noun meaning 'copy' (of a document).
Sense 1 : towards, for (attitude or feeling directed at someone/something)
postposition Governs the oblique case like other postpositions; typically used after abstract nouns of feeling (प्यार, सम्मान, कर्तव्य) rather than in casual physical-direction contexts, where की ओर (kii or) or तरफ (taraph) is preferred.
Synonyms: के लिए (ke lie), की ओर (kii or)
Frequency: medium
Cultural Note: You'll meet this word constantly in newspaper editorials and formal speeches: देश के प्रति कर्तव्य (desh ke prati kartavy, 'duty towards the country') is a classic phrase in patriotic or moral writing. In daily bazaar chatter, though, people reach for की तरफ (kii taraph) instead -- so think of प्रति (prati) as the podium version.
Common Mistakes: 1) Learners often use प्रति (prati) in casual spoken sentences where की तरफ (kii taraph) or के लिए (ke lie) would sound far more natural -- प्रति (prati) has a formal, almost written-register flavor. 2) It pairs with feelings/attitudes (सम्मान, प्रेम, कर्तव्य) rather than physical movement -- 'walking towards the market' does not use प्रति (prati).
Sample Sentences:
हमें अपने देश के प्रति वफ़ादार रहना चाहिए। We should remain loyal towards our country.
(hamen apne desh ke prati vafaadaar rahnaa chaahie।)
Register: Formal -- Mood: Subjunctive -- Aspect: Habitual -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Active
माता-पिता के प्रति बच्चों का कर्तव्य होता है कि वे उनका सम्मान करें। It is children's duty towards their parents that they respect them.
(maataa-pitaa ke prati bachchon kaa kartavy hotaa hai ki ve unkaa sammaan karen।)
Register: Formal -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Habitual -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Active
उसके मन में अपने शिक्षक के प्रति गहरा सम्मान है। He has deep respect towards his teacher in his heart.
(uske man men apne shikshak ke prati gahraa sammaan hai।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Indicative -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Active
सरकार गरीबों के प्रति अपनी ज़िम्मेदारी से मुँह नहीं मोड़ सकती। The government cannot turn away from its responsibility towards the poor.
(sarkaar gariibon ke prati apnii zimmedaarii se munh nahiin mod saktii।)
Register: Formal -- Mood: Indicative -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Active
अगर हर नागरिक समाज के प्रति अपना दायित्व समझता, तो देश आज इतना पीछे न होता। If every citizen understood their obligation towards society, the country would not be so far behind today.
(agar har naagrik samaaj ke prati apnaa daayitv samajhtaa, to desh aaj itnaa piichhe n hotaa।)
Register: Formal -- Mood: Counterfactual -- Aspect: Habitual -- Voice: Active
नेता जी ने भाषण में जनता के प्रति अपनी संवेदना व्यक्त की। The leader expressed his sympathy towards the public in his speech.
(netaa jii ne bhaashan men jantaa ke prati apnii sanvednaa vyakt kii।)
Register: Formal -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Perfective -- Tense: Past -- Voice: Active
कंपनी के कर्मचारियों के प्रति व्यवहार को लेकर कई शिकायतें उठाई गई हैं। Many complaints have been raised regarding the company's behaviour towards its employees.
(kampnii ke karmchaariyon ke prati vyavahaar ko lekar kaii shikaayten uthaaii gaii hain।)
Register: Formal -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Perfective -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Passive
युवाओं के प्रति समाज का नज़रिया धीरे-धीरे बदल रहा है। Society's attitude towards the youth is gradually changing.
(yuvaaon ke prati samaaj kaa nazriyaa dhiire-dhiire badal rahaa hai।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Continuous -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Active
अपने कर्मचारियों के प्रति ईमानदार रहो, तभी वे भी तुम्हारे प्रति वफ़ादार रहेंगे। Be honest towards your employees, only then will they too remain loyal towards you.
(apne karmchaariyon ke prati iimaandaar raho, tabhii ve bhii tumhaare prati vafaadaar rahenge।)
Register: Formal -- Mood: Imperative -- Voice: Active
क्या कभी किसी के प्रति आपकी सोच पूरी तरह बदल गई है? Has your thinking towards someone ever completely changed?
(kyaa kabhii kisii ke prati aapkii soch poorii tarah badal gaii hai?)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Perfective -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Active
Sense 2 : per, for each (rate or distribution)
postposition Used before the noun it modifies to express a rate: प्रति व्यक्ति (prati vyakti, 'per person'), प्रति किलो (prati kilo, 'per kilo').
Synonyms: हर (har, less formal)
Frequency: high
Cultural Note: You'll see this everywhere on price tags and government statistics: प्रति व्यक्ति आय (prati vyakti aay, 'per capita income') is a stock phrase in news reports about the economy. In the vegetable market, though, vendors are more likely to just say '50 रुपये किलो' (50 rupye kilo, '50 rupees a kilo') without प्रति (prati) at all.
Common Mistakes: 1) This sense sits right before the noun, unlike most postpositions which follow their noun -- प्रति दिन (prati din, 'per day'), not दिन प्रति (din prati). Learners used to postpositions trailing the noun get tripped up by this reversal.
Sample Sentences:
देश की प्रति व्यक्ति आय पिछले साल बढ़ी है। The country's per capita income has increased over the past year.
(desh kii prati vyakti aay pichhle saal badhii hai।)
Register: Formal -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Perfective -- Tense: Past -- Voice: Active
इस योजना के तहत प्रति परिवार दो हजार रुपये दिए जाते हैं। Under this scheme, two thousand rupees are given per family.
(is yojnaa ke tahat prati parivaar do hajaar rupye die jaate hain।)
Register: Formal -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Habitual -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Passive
कंपनी प्रति कर्मचारी औसतन कितना खर्च करती है? How much does the company spend on average per employee?
(kampnii prati karmchaarii austan kitnaa kharch kartii hai?)
Register: Formal -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Habitual -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Active
अगर उत्पादन प्रति घंटा बढ़ जाए, तो मुनाफा भी बढ़ेगा। If production increases per hour, profit will increase too.
(agar utpaadan prati ghantaa badh jaae, to munaaphaa bhii badhegaa।)
Register: Formal -- Mood: Subjunctive -- Voice: Active
अगर टिकट की कीमत प्रति व्यक्ति कम होती, तो ज़्यादा लोग आते। If the ticket price per person had been lower, more people would have come.
(agar tikat kii kiimat prati vyakti kam hotii, to zyaadaa log aate।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Counterfactual -- Aspect: Habitual -- Voice: Active
प्रति वर्ग मीटर जमीन की कीमत यहाँ आसमान छू रही है। The price of land per square meter is sky-high here.
(prati varg miitar jamiin kii kiimat yahaan aasmaan chhoo rahii hai।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Continuous -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Active
रिपोर्ट में प्रति हेक्टेयर उपज का आंकड़ा दिया गया था। The report gave the figure for yield per hectare.
(riport men prati hekteyar upaj kaa aankdaa diyaa gayaa thaa।)
Register: Formal -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Perfective -- Tense: Past -- Voice: Passive
कृपया प्रति छात्र एक ही फॉर्म भरें। Please fill only one form per student.
(kripyaa prati chhaatr ek hii phorm bharen।)
Register: Formal -- Mood: Imperative -- Voice: Active
प्रति वर्ष लाखों पर्यटक इस मंदिर में आते हैं। Millions of tourists come to this temple every year.
(prati varsh laakhon parytak is mandir men aate hain।)
Register: Formal -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Habitual -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Active
सरकार ने प्रति लीटर पेट्रोल पर दो रुपये टैक्स बढ़ा दिया। The government increased the tax by two rupees per liter of petrol.
(sarkaar ne prati liitar petrol par do rupye taiks badhaa diyaa।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Perfective -- Tense: Past -- Voice: Active
प्रति दिन औसतन कितने ग्राहक आते हैं, इसका हिसाब रखिए। Please keep a record of how many customers come per day on average.
(prati din austan kitne graahak aate hain, iskaa hisaab rakhie।)
Register: Formal -- Mood: Imperative -- Voice: Active
Sense 3 : copy (of a document, letter, etc.)
noun, feminine Used mainly in formal/bureaucratic contexts for a copy of a letter, application, or official document, e.g. एक प्रति (ek prati, 'one copy').
Synonyms: कॉपी (kopii, colloquial, more common for photocopies)
Frequency: low
Cultural Note: This sense turns up on official forms and government correspondence -- कार्यालय की प्रति (kaaryaalay kii prati, 'office copy') is standard bureaucratic phrasing. For an everyday photocopy at the local shop, people just say कॉपी (kopii) or फोटोकॉपी (photokopii).
Sample Sentences:
कृपया इस पत्र की एक प्रति मुझे भी भेज दीजिए। Please send me a copy of this letter too.
(kripyaa is patr kii ek prati mujhe bhii bhej diijie।)
Register: Formal -- Mood: Imperative -- Voice: Active
यह आवेदन की मूल प्रति है, इसे संभालकर रखिए। This is the original copy of the application, please keep it safe.
(yah aavedan kii mool prati hai, ise sambhaalkar rakhie।)
Register: Formal -- Mood: Indicative -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Active
कार्यालय की प्रति फाइल में रख दी गई है। The office copy has been kept in the file.
(kaaryaalay kii prati phaail men rakh dii gaii hai।)
Register: Formal -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Perfective -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Passive
हर पत्र की तीन प्रतियाँ बनाई जाती हैं -- एक कार्यालय के लिए, एक भेजने वाले के लिए, और एक रिकॉर्ड के लिए। Three copies of every letter are made -- one for the office, one for the sender, and one for the record.
(har patr kii tiin pratiyaan banaaii jaatii hain -- ek kaaryaalay ke lie, ek bhejne vaale ke lie, aur ek rikord ke lie।)
Register: Formal -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Habitual -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Passive
अगर आपके पास प्रमाण-पत्र की प्रति हो, तो कृपया साथ लाइए। If you have a copy of the certificate, please bring it along.
(agar aapke paas pramaan-patr kii prati ho, to kripyaa saath laaie।)
Register: Formal -- Mood: Subjunctive -- Voice: Active
क्लर्क ने दस्तावेज़ की एक प्रति तैयार की। The clerk prepared a copy of the document.
(klark ne dastaavez kii ek prati taiyaar kii।)
Register: Formal -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Perfective -- Tense: Past -- Voice: Active
अगर तुमने आदेश की प्रति साथ रखी होती, तो अधिकारी को इतनी परेशानी न होती। If you had kept a copy of the order with you, the officer would not have had so much trouble.
(agar tumne aadesh kii prati saath rakhii hotii, to adhikaarii ko itnii pareshaanii n hotii।)
Register: Formal -- Mood: Counterfactual -- Aspect: Perfective -- Voice: Active
प्रति संलग्न है, अतः कृपया आवश्यक कार्यवाही करें। The copy is attached, so please take the necessary action.
(prati sanlagn hai, atah kripyaa aavashyak kaaryvaahii karen।)
Register: Literary -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Perfective -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Active
सचिवालय से पत्र की प्रति निकलवा लीजिए। Get a copy of the letter obtained from the secretariat.
(sachivaalay se patr kii prati nikalvaa liijie।)
Register: Formal -- Mood: Imperative -- Voice: Active
Morphology
Noun
(sg.f.direct): प्रति (prati)
(sg.f.oblique): प्रति (prati)
(pl.f.direct): प्रतिएँ (pratien)
(pl.f.oblique): प्रतिओं (pration)