ग्राम (graam)

noun Two senses in everyday use: the metric unit 'gram' (a common loanword-style borrowing from English/Sanskrit) and a more literary/formal word for 'village' (compare the everyday गाँव, gaanv).
Sense 1 : gram (unit of weight)
noun, masculine
Frequency: high
Cultural Note: You will hear this constantly at the sabzi mandi (sabzii mandii) or the corner kirana store when weighing out things like धनिया (dhaniyaa, 'coriander') or पनीर (paniir, 'paneer') -- vendors and customers both default to ग्राम (graam) for anything less than a किलो (kilo).
Common Mistakes: 1) Learners sometimes write or say किलो (kilo) when they mean a small quantity in grams -- in markets, quantities under a kilo are usually given in ग्राम (graam), e.g. "पचास ग्राम" (pachaas graam, 'fifty grams') for spices or paneer.
Sample Sentences:
मुझे दो सौ ग्राम पनीर चाहिए। I need two hundred grams of paneer.
(mujhe do sau graam paniir chaahie।)
Register: Casual -- Mood: Indicative -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Active
भैया, सौ ग्राम धनिया तोल दो। Bro, weigh out a hundred grams of coriander for me.
(bhaiyaa, sau graam dhaniyaa tol do।)
Register: Casual -- Mood: Imperative -- Voice: Active
इस पैकेट में पाँच सौ ग्राम आटा है। There are five hundred grams of flour in this packet.
(is paiket men paanch sau graam aataa hai।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Indicative -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Active
दुकानदार ने पचास ग्राम कम तोला था। The shopkeeper had weighed fifty grams less.
(dukaandaar ne pachaas graam kam tolaa thaa।)
Register: Casual -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Perfective -- Tense: Past -- Voice: Active
क्या तुम मेरे लिए दो सौ ग्राम चीनी ला सकते हो? Can you bring two hundred grams of sugar for me?
(kyaa tum mere lie do sau graam chiinii laa sakte ho?)
Register: Casual -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Habitual -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Active
रेसिपी में लिखा है कि तीन सौ ग्राम आटा इस्तेमाल करें। The recipe says to use three hundred grams of flour.
(resipii men likhaa hai ki tiin sau graam aataa istemaal karen।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Subjunctive -- Voice: Active
अगर वज़न सही होता तो हर पैकेट में पूरे पाँच सौ ग्राम होते। If the weight had been correct, each packet would have had a full five hundred grams.
(agar vazan sahii hotaa to har paiket men poore paanch sau graam hote।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Counterfactual -- Aspect: Habitual -- Voice: Active
मंडी में सामान अक्सर ग्राम के हिसाब से ही बेचा जाता है। In the market, goods are often sold by the gram.
(mandii men saamaan aksar graam ke hisaab se hii bechaa jaataa hai।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Habitual -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Passive
एक ग्राम सोने की कीमत रोज़ बदलती रहती है। The price of one gram of gold keeps changing every day.
(ek graam sone kii kiimat roz badaltii rahtii hai।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Continuous -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Active
डॉक्टर ने रोज़ाना पाँच ग्राम नमक से ज़्यादा न खाने की सलाह दी। The doctor advised not eating more than five grams of salt daily.
(doktar ne rozaanaa paanch graam namak se zyaadaa n khaane kii salaah dii।)
Register: Formal -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Perfective -- Tense: Past -- Voice: Active
कल तक तराज़ू ठीक हो जाएगी, तब हर चीज़ का सही ग्राम पता चलेगा। By tomorrow the scale will be fixed, and then we'll know the exact grams of everything.
(kal tak taraazoo thiik ho jaaegii, tab har chiiz kaa sahii graam pataa chalegaa।)
Register: Casual -- Mood: Indicative -- Tense: Future -- Voice: Active
Sense 2 : village
noun, masculine
Synonyms: गाँव (gaanv)
Frequency: low
Cultural Note: This sense feels formal or bureaucratic to a Delhi ear -- you meet it on government forms, in the names of schemes like ग्राम पंचायत (graam panchaayat, 'village council'), or in news reports, while in daily conversation people almost always say गाँव (gaanv) instead.
Sample Sentences:
इस योजना का उद्देश्य हर ग्राम में बिजली पहुँचाना है। The aim of this scheme is to bring electricity to every village.
(is yojnaa kaa uddeshy har graam men bijlii pahunchaanaa hai।)
Register: Formal -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Habitual -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Active
ग्राम पंचायत की बैठक अगले सोमवार को होगी। The village council's meeting will be held next Monday.
(graam panchaayat kii baithak agle somvaar ko hogii।)
Register: Formal -- Mood: Indicative -- Tense: Future -- Voice: Active
सरकार ने हर ग्राम में एक प्राथमिक स्वास्थ्य केंद्र स्थापित किया है। The government has set up a primary health center in every village.
(sarkaar ne har graam men ek praathmik svaasthy kendr sthaapit kiyaa hai।)
Register: Formal -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Perfective -- Tense: Past -- Voice: Active
रिपोर्ट के अनुसार इस ज़िले में तीन सौ ग्राम शामिल हैं। According to the report, this district includes three hundred villages.
(riport ke anusaar is zile men tiin sau graam shaamil hain।)
Register: Formal -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Habitual -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Active
हर ग्राम में एक विकास अधिकारी नियुक्त किया जाए। A development officer should be appointed in every village.
(har graam men ek vikaas adhikaarii niyukt kiyaa jaae।)
Register: Formal -- Mood: Subjunctive -- Voice: Passive
यदि हर ग्राम में सड़क होती, तो आवागमन आसान होता। If every village had a road, transportation would be easy.
(yadi har graam men sadak hotii, to aavaagman aasaan hotaa।)
Register: Formal -- Mood: Counterfactual -- Aspect: Habitual -- Voice: Active
इस अभियान के तहत सुदूर ग्रामों तक भी सर्वेक्षण किया जा रहा है। Under this campaign, a survey is being conducted even in remote villages.
(is abhiyaan ke tahat sudoor graamon tak bhii sarvekshan kiyaa jaa rahaa hai।)
Register: Formal -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Continuous -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Passive
समाचार में बताया गया कि उस ग्राम की जनसंख्या दो हज़ार से अधिक है। It was reported in the news that the population of that village is more than two thousand.
(samaachaar men bataayaa gayaa ki us graam kii jansankhyaa do hazaar se adhik hai।)
Register: Formal -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Perfective -- Tense: Past -- Voice: Passive
Morphology
Noun
(sg.m.direct): ग्राम (graam)
(sg.m.oblique): ग्राम (graam)
(pl.m.direct): ग्राम (graam)
(pl.m.oblique): ग्रामों (graamon)