अफ़सोस (afsos)

noun/interjection A Persian-origin loanword meaning 'regret' or 'sorrow'; used both as a noun and as a standalone interjection expressing sympathy or lament.
Sense 1 : regret, sorrow
noun, masculine Commonly used with होना (honaa) in a dative-subject frame: मुझे अफ़सोस है (mujhe afsos hai, 'I have regret/I'm sorry') -- the person feeling the regret is को-marked, not the grammatical subject.
Synonyms: पछतावा (pachhtaavaa), दुख (dukh), खेद (khed, formal)
Frequency: high
Cultural Note: You'll hear मुझे अफ़सोस है (mujhe afsos hai) used the way English speakers say 'I'm sorry to hear that' -- it's sympathy for a situation, not an apology for wrongdoing (that's माफ़ी (maafii)). Mixing these two up is one of the most common early confusions for English speakers.
Common Mistakes: 1) Learners often try to make अफ़सोस (afsos) the subject of a normal sentence like 'main afsos hoon,' but the native frame is मुझे अफ़सोस है (mujhe afsos hai), with अफ़सोस (afsos) as the thing possessed/felt, not an adjective describing the person. 2) अफ़सोस (afsos) pairs with की बात (kii baat) in expressions like यह अफ़सोस की बात है (yah afsos kii baat hai, 'this is a matter of regret') -- learners sometimes drop की बात (kii baat) and it sounds incomplete in formal contexts.
Sample Sentences:
मुझे बहुत अफ़सोस है कि मैं तुम्हारी शादी में नहीं आ सका। I deeply regret that I could not come to your wedding.
(mujhe bahut afsos hai ki main tumhaarii shaadii men nahiin aa sakaa।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Indicative -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Active
आपके पिताजी के निधन की खबर सुनकर मुझे बहुत अफ़सोस हुआ। I was very sorry to hear the news of your father's passing.
(aapke pitaajii ke nidhan kii khabar sunkar mujhe bahut afsos huaa।)
Register: Formal -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Perfective -- Tense: Past -- Voice: Active
उसे अपनी गलती पर कोई अफ़सोस नहीं है। He feels no regret for his mistake.
(use apnii galtii par koii afsos nahiin hai।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Indicative -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Active
मुझे उम्मीद है कि बाद में तुम्हें इस फैसले पर अफ़सोस नहीं होगा। I hope you won't regret this decision later.
(mujhe ummiid hai ki baad men tumhen is phaisle par afsos nahiin hogaa।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Indicative -- Tense: Future -- Voice: Active
अगर मैं वहाँ होता तो मुझे इतना अफ़सोस नहीं होता। If I had been there, I would not have felt so much regret.
(agar main vahaan hotaa to mujhe itnaa afsos nahiin hotaa।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Counterfactual -- Aspect: Habitual -- Voice: Active
काश मुझे इस बात का इतना अफ़सोस न हो। I wish I didn't feel so much regret about this.
(kaash mujhe is baat kaa itnaa afsos n ho।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Subjunctive -- Voice: Active
तुम्हारी नौकरी छूट गई, यह सुनकर मुझे सचमुच अफ़सोस है। You lost your job -- I'm truly sorry to hear that.
(tumhaarii naukrii chhoot gaii, yah sunkar mujhe sachmuch afsos hai।)
Register: Casual -- Mood: Indicative -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Active
श्रीमान जी, हमें इस असुविधा के लिए गहरा अफ़सोस है। Sir, we deeply regret this inconvenience.
(shriimaan jii, hamen is asuvidhaa ke lie gahraa afsos hai।)
Register: Formal -- Mood: Indicative -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Active
जीवन भर उसे इस बात का अफ़सोस रहा कि उसने पढ़ाई बीच में छोड़ दी। He carried the regret his whole life that he had dropped out of studies midway.
(jiivan bhar use is baat kaa afsos rahaa ki usne padhaaii biich men chhod dii।)
Register: Literary -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Habitual -- Tense: Past -- Voice: Active
क्या तुम्हें कभी इस फैसले पर अफ़सोस नहीं होता? Don't you ever feel regret over this decision?
(kyaa tumhen kabhii is phaisle par afsos nahiin hotaa?)
Register: Casual -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Habitual -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Active
Sense 2 : what a pity, alas
interjection Used alone or doubled -- अफ़सोस, अफ़सोस (afsos, afsos, 'what a pity, what a pity') -- as a spontaneous exclamation of regret or sympathy on hearing bad news.
Synonyms: हाय (haay, more emotional/dramatic)
Frequency: medium
Cultural Note: Said with a slow head-shake, अफ़सोस! (afsos!) is the classic verbal accompaniment to hearing sad news from a neighbor or relative -- a small, ritualized expression of shared sorrow rather than deep grief.
Sample Sentences:
अफ़सोस! इतनी कम उम्र में चले गए। What a shame! He passed away at such a young age.
(afsos! itnii kam umr men chale gae।)
Register: Casual -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Perfective -- Tense: Past -- Voice: Active
अफ़सोस, सुनकर बहुत बुरा लगा। What a pity, it felt really bad to hear that.
(afsos, sunkar bahut buraa lagaa।)
Register: Casual -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Perfective -- Tense: Past -- Voice: Active
अफ़सोस! बेचारे की नौकरी चली गई। What a shame! The poor guy lost his job.
(afsos! bechaare kii naukrii chalii gaii।)
Register: Casual -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Perfective -- Tense: Past -- Voice: Active
अफ़सोस, ऐसा कैसे हो गया? Alas, how did this happen?
(afsos, aisaa kaise ho gayaa?)
Register: Casual -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Perfective -- Tense: Past -- Voice: Active
अफ़सोस! शर्मा जी की तबीयत फिर बिगड़ गई है। What a shame! Mr. Sharma's health has gotten worse again.
(afsos! sharmaa jii kii tabiiyat phir bigad gaii hai।)
Register: Casual -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Perfective -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Active
पड़ोसी ने खबर सुनी और बस "अफ़सोस" कहकर सिर हिला दिया। The neighbor heard the news and just shook his head, saying, "What a shame."
(padosii ne khabar sunii aur bas "afsos" kahkar sir hilaa diyaa।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Perfective -- Tense: Past -- Voice: Active
अफ़सोस, इस बार भी फ़सल बर्बाद हो गई। What a pity, the crop was ruined again this time.
(afsos, is baar bhii fasal barbaad ho gaii।)
Register: Casual -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Perfective -- Tense: Past -- Voice: Active
यह सुनकर लोग बस "अफ़सोस, अफ़सोस" कहते रहे। On hearing this, people just kept saying, "What a shame, what a shame."
(yah sunkar log bas "afsos, afsos" kahte rahe।)
Register: Casual -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Habitual -- Tense: Past -- Voice: Active
अफ़सोस! अगर वक़्त पर पहुँच जाते तो शायद बचा लेते। What a pity! If they had arrived on time, they might have saved him.
(afsos! agar vaqt par pahunch jaate to shaayad bachaa lete।)
Register: Casual -- Mood: Counterfactual -- Aspect: Perfective -- Voice: Active
अफ़सोस है कि उनकी आखिरी मुलाक़ात नहीं हो पाई। What a shame that their last meeting could not happen.
(afsos hai ki unkii aakhirii mulaaqaat nahiin ho paaii।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Indicative -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Active
Morphology
Noun
(sg.m.direct): अफ़सोस (afsos)
(sg.m.oblique): अफ़सोस (afsos)
(pl.m.direct): अफ़सोस (afsos)
(pl.m.oblique): अफ़सोसों (afsoson)