महीना (mahiinaa)

noun Means 'month'; also used colloquially for a monthly wage/salary or a woman's monthly period.
Sense 1 : month (unit of time)
noun, masculine
Frequency: high
Cultural Note: Indians commonly think in terms of the Hindi calendar months too (like सावन saavan or फागुन phaagun), so महीना (mahiinaa) isn't just a Gregorian concept -- you'll hear it used for both systems interchangeably in daily conversation, especially around festivals.
Common Mistakes: 1) Learners often forget महीना (mahiinaa) is masculine and mismatch adjective/verb agreement, e.g. it should be यह महीना अच्छा है (yah mahiinaa achchhaa hai, 'this month is good'), not feminine agreement. 2) With duration expressions like 'for two months,' the oblique plural महीनों (mahiinon) is used with दो (do) plus a postposition (दो महीनों से, do mahiinon se, 'for two months'), which learners sometimes leave unmarked.
Sample Sentences:
इस महीने बहुत काम है। There's a lot of work this month.
(is mahiine bahut kaam hai।)
Register: Casual -- Mood: Indicative -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Active
पिछले महीने मैं जयपुर गया था। Last month I went to Jaipur.
(pichhle mahiine main jaypur gayaa thaa।)
Register: Casual -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Perfective -- Tense: Past -- Voice: Active
अगले महीने हमारी शादी की सालगिरह है। Our wedding anniversary is next month.
(agle mahiine hamaarii shaadii kii saalgirah hai।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Indicative -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Active
साल में बारह महीने होते हैं। There are twelve months in a year.
(saal men baarah mahiine hote hain।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Habitual -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Active
सावन का महीना बारिश के लिए जाना जाता है। The month of Sawan is known for rain.
(saavan kaa mahiinaa baarish ke lie jaanaa jaataa hai।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Habitual -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Passive
फागुन के महीने में होली आती है। Holi comes in the month of Phagun.
(phaagun ke mahiine men holii aatii hai।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Habitual -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Active
अगर तुम एक महीना और रुकते, तो हम साथ त्योहार मनाते। If you had stayed one more month, we would have celebrated the festival together.
(agar tum ek mahiinaa aur rukte, to ham saath tyohaar manaate।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Counterfactual -- Aspect: Habitual -- Voice: Active
यह प्रोजेक्ट पूरा होने में तीन महीने लगेंगे। It will take three months for this project to be completed.
(yah projekt pooraa hone men tiin mahiine lagenge।)
Register: Formal -- Mood: Indicative -- Tense: Future -- Voice: Active
काश यह महीना जल्दी खत्म हो जाए। I wish this month would end quickly.
(kaash yah mahiinaa jaldii khatm ho jaae।)
Register: Casual -- Mood: Subjunctive -- Voice: Active
हिंदू पंचांग में हर महीने का अपना धार्मिक महत्व होता है। In the Hindu calendar, each month has its own religious significance.
(hindoo panchaang men har mahiine kaa apnaa dhaarmik mahatv hotaa hai।)
Register: Literary -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Habitual -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Active
डॉक्टर ने कहा कि रिपोर्ट अगले महीने की पहली तारीख तक आ जाएगी। The doctor said the report would arrive by the first of next month.
(doktar ne kahaa ki riport agle mahiine kii pahlii taariikh tak aa jaaegii।)
Register: Formal -- Mood: Indicative -- Tense: Future -- Voice: Active
Sense 2 : monthly wage or salary
noun, masculine Used colloquially, especially with domestic help, drivers, or informal workers, to mean the monthly payment itself rather than the time unit.
Synonyms: तनख्वाह (tanakhvaah), वेतन (vetan, formal)
Frequency: medium
Cultural Note: This use is very common in household contexts in Delhi-NCR -- a family might say नौकरानी का महीना हो गया (naukraanii kaa mahiinaa ho gayaa, 'the maid's monthly pay is due'), treating the wage and the month as the same word, the way English sometimes says 'pay the month's rent.'
Common Mistakes: 1) Learners may not realize महीना (mahiinaa) alone (without वेतन vetan or तनख्वाह tanakhvaah) can mean 'monthly pay' in sentences like महीना दे दो (mahiinaa de do, 'pay the month's wages'), which sounds odd if translated literally as 'give the month.'
Sample Sentences:
नौकरानी का महीना हो गया है, उसे पैसे दे दो। The maid's monthly pay is due, give her the money.
(naukraanii kaa mahiinaa ho gayaa hai, use paise de do।)
Register: Casual -- Mood: Imperative -- Aspect: Perfective -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Active
ड्राइवर का महीना अभी नहीं दिया गया है। The driver's monthly wage hasn't been paid yet.
(draaivar kaa mahiinaa abhii nahiin diyaa gayaa hai।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Perfective -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Passive
साहब हर महीने की पहली तारीख को नौकर का महीना देते हैं। Sir gives the servant's monthly pay on the first of every month.
(saahab har mahiine kii pahlii taariikh ko naukar kaa mahiinaa dete hain।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Habitual -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Active
क्या तुमने माली का महीना चुका दिया? Did you pay off the gardener's monthly wage?
(kyaa tumne maalii kaa mahiinaa chukaa diyaa?)
Register: Casual -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Perfective -- Tense: Past -- Voice: Active
अगर मालकिन समय पर महीना दे देतीं, तो नौकरानी नाराज़ न होती। If the lady of the house had paid the monthly wage on time, the maid wouldn't have been upset.
(agar maalkin samay par mahiinaa de detiin, to naukraanii naaraaz n hotii।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Counterfactual -- Aspect: Perfective -- Voice: Active
इस बार महीना थोड़ा बढ़ा दीजिए, सामान महँगा हो गया है। Please increase the monthly pay a bit this time, things have gotten expensive.
(is baar mahiinaa thodaa badhaa diijie, saamaan mahangaa ho gayaa hai।)
Register: Formal -- Mood: Imperative -- Voice: Active
मेरी सहेली रोज़ पूछती है कि महीना कब मिलेगा। My friend asks every day when the monthly pay will arrive.
(merii sahelii roz poochhtii hai ki mahiinaa kab milegaa।)
Register: Casual -- Mood: Indicative -- Tense: Future -- Voice: Active
अगर महीना समय पर न मिले, तो काम छोड़ देना चाहिए। If the monthly pay doesn't come on time, one should quit the job.
(agar mahiinaa samay par n mile, to kaam chhod denaa chaahie।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Subjunctive -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Active
इस घर में सबका महीना बाईस तारीख को बँधा है। In this house, everyone's monthly pay is fixed for the twenty-second.
(is ghar men sabkaa mahiinaa baaiis taariikh ko bandhaa hai।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Perfective -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Passive
Sense 3 : menstrual period (colloquial)
noun, masculine Used euphemistically, often with आना (aanaa) as in महीना आना (mahiinaa aanaa, 'to get one's period'), paralleling other body-as-subject constructions the learner has already seen with आना (aanaa).
Synonyms: मासिक धर्म (maasik dharm, formal), पीरियड (piiriyad, colloquial)
Frequency: medium
Cultural Note: This is a soft, family-friendly euphemism -- much like English speakers say 'that time of the month' -- and is generally preferred over more clinical terms in casual conversation, especially across generations.
Common Mistakes: 1) Learners may miss that this sense only surfaces in specific verb collocations like महीना आना (mahiinaa aanaa) or महीना होना (mahiinaa honaa), and doesn't stand alone as 'period' the way it can stand alone for 'month.'
Sample Sentences:
उसे इस महीने महीना नहीं आया। She hasn't gotten her period this month.
(use is mahiine mahiinaa nahiin aayaa।)
Register: Casual -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Perfective -- Tense: Past -- Voice: Active
मेरा महीना चल रहा है, इसलिए तबीयत थोड़ी ढीली है। I'm on my period, so I'm feeling a bit under the weather.
(meraa mahiinaa chal rahaa hai, islie tabiiyat thodii dhiilii hai।)
Register: Casual -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Continuous -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Active
क्या तुम्हारा महीना आ गया? Has your period come?
(kyaa tumhaaraa mahiinaa aa gayaa?)
Register: Casual -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Perfective -- Tense: Past -- Voice: Active
पहले लड़कियों को महीना आने पर घर के काम से छुट्टी दे दी जाती थी। In the past, girls used to be given a break from housework when their period came.
(pahle ladkiyon ko mahiinaa aane par ghar ke kaam se chhuttii de dii jaatii thii।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Habitual -- Tense: Past -- Voice: Passive
अगर महीना समय पर आता तो मुझे इतनी चिंता न होती। If my period came on time, I wouldn't be so worried.
(agar mahiinaa samay par aataa to mujhe itnii chintaa n hotii।)
Register: Casual -- Mood: Counterfactual -- Aspect: Habitual -- Voice: Active
बेटा, अपनी दीदी को दर्द की गोली दे दो, उसका महीना है। Son, give your sister a painkiller, she's on her period.
(betaa, apnii diidii ko dard kii golii de do, uskaa mahiinaa hai।)
Register: Casual -- Mood: Imperative -- Voice: Active
शायद इसी महीने की वजह से वह इतनी चिड़चिड़ी है। Maybe it's because of her period that she's so irritable these days.
(shaayad isii mahiine kii vajah se vah itnii chidchidii hai।)
Register: Casual -- Mood: Subjunctive -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Active
माँ ने कहा कि महीने के दिनों में ठंडा पानी नहीं पीना चाहिए। Mom said one shouldn't drink cold water during period days.
(maan ne kahaa ki mahiine ke dinon men thandaa paanii nahiin piinaa chaahie।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Perfective -- Tense: Past -- Voice: Active
स्कूल में लड़कियों को महीने के बारे में खुलकर बात करना सिखाया जाना चाहिए। Girls should be taught to talk openly about periods in school.
(skool men ladkiyon ko mahiine ke baare men khulkar baat karnaa sikhaayaa jaanaa chaahie।)
Register: Formal -- Mood: Subjunctive -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Passive
Morphology
Noun
(sg.m.direct): महीना (mahiinaa)
(sg.m.oblique): महीने (mahiine)
(pl.m.direct): महीने (mahiine)
(pl.m.oblique): महीनों (mahiinon)