दावा (daavaa)

noun One core meaning of 'claim' -- as a formal/legal assertion or a personal boast of ability -- that branches into a couple of set collocations, especially दावा करना (daavaa karnaa, 'to claim') and दावा ठोकना (daavaa thoknaa, 'to stake a claim').
Sense 1 : claim, assertion (of right, fact, or ability)
noun, masculine Almost always paired with करना (karnaa) as its light verb: दावा करना (daavaa karnaa) is the standard way to say 'to claim' something, whether a legal right or a personal boast.
Synonyms: अधिकार (adhikaar, right/entitlement, not identical but overlapping), इक़रार (iqraar, formal/literary)
Frequency: high
Cultural Note: You will hear this constantly in news Hindi -- कंपनी ने दावा किया (kampnii ne daavaa kiyaa, 'the company claimed') -- and in courtroom or property contexts, where ज़मीन पर दावा (zamiin par daavaa, 'a claim on land') is a very live, everyday phrase in Delhi-NCR property disputes.
Common Mistakes: 1) Learners often try to use दावा (daavaa) alone as a verb; it needs करना (karnaa) to function as one -- दावा किया (daavaa kiyaa, 'claimed'), not a bare conjugated दावा. 2) दावा करना (daavaa karnaa) takes the claimed thing with पर (par) or का (kaa) depending on context (दावा करना पर हक़ का दावा (haq kaa daavaa, 'a claim to a right') vs. यह दावा करना कि... (yah daavaa karnaa ki, 'to claim that...')) -- learners sometimes default to के लिए (ke lie) instead.
Sample Sentences:
कंपनी ने दावा किया कि नई दवा पूरी तरह सुरक्षित है। The company claimed that the new medicine is completely safe.
(kampnii ne daavaa kiyaa ki naii davaa poorii tarah surakshit hai।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Perfective -- Tense: Past -- Voice: Active
उस आदमी का इस ज़मीन पर दावा है। That man has a claim on this land.
(us aadmii kaa is zamiin par daavaa hai।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Indicative -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Active
मैं यह दावा नहीं करता कि मुझे सब कुछ आता है। I don't claim to know everything.
(main yah daavaa nahiin kartaa ki mujhe sab kuchh aataa hai।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Habitual -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Active
सरकार हर साल विकास के बड़े-बड़े दावे करती है। The government makes big claims about development every year.
(sarkaar har saal vikaas ke bade-bade daave kartii hai।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Habitual -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Active
उसका दावा है कि उसने यह रिकॉर्ड अकेले तोड़ा। His claim is that he broke this record alone.
(uskaa daavaa hai ki usne yah rikord akele todaa।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Indicative -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Active
अगर तुम्हें अपनी बात पर इतना यकीन है, तो दावा करके दिखाओ। If you're so sure of what you're saying, then go ahead and make the claim.
(agar tumhen apnii baat par itnaa yakiin hai, to daavaa karke dikhaao।)
Register: Casual -- Mood: Imperative -- Voice: Active
कंपनी का दावा है कि यह फोन पानी में भी खराब नहीं होगा। The company's claim is that this phone won't get damaged even in water.
(kampnii kaa daavaa hai ki yah phon paanii men bhii kharaab nahiin hogaa।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Indicative -- Tense: Future -- Voice: Active
अगर उसका दावा सच होता, तो अब तक सबको पता चल गया होता। If his claim were true, everyone would have found out by now.
(agar uskaa daavaa sach hotaa, to ab tak sabko pataa chal gayaa hotaa।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Counterfactual -- Aspect: Perfective -- Voice: Active
पड़ोसी परिवार ने भी उसी प्लॉट पर अपना दावा जताया है। The neighboring family has also asserted their claim on the same plot.
(padosii parivaar ne bhii usii plot par apnaa daavaa jataayaa hai।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Perfective -- Tense: Past -- Voice: Active
क्या आप यह दावा कर सकते हैं कि यह जानकारी पूरी तरह सही है? Can you claim that this information is completely correct?
(kyaa aap yah daavaa kar sakte hain ki yah jaankaarii poorii tarah sahii hai?)
Register: Formal -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Habitual -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Active
मंत्री जी के दावे पर विपक्ष ने तुरंत सवाल उठाए। The opposition immediately raised questions on the minister's claim.
(mantrii jii ke daave par vipaksh ne turant savaal uthaae।)
Register: Formal -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Perfective -- Tense: Past -- Voice: Active
Sense 2 : legal suit, lawsuit
noun, masculine Used in the fixed legal collocation दावा ठोकना (daavaa thoknaa, 'to file/stake a legal claim') and अदालत में दावा (adaalat men daavaa, 'a claim in court').
Synonyms: मुक़दमा (muqadmaa), केस (kes, colloquial, English loanword)
Frequency: medium
Cultural Note: ठोकना (thoknaa) literally means 'to hammer/pound,' so दावा ठोकना (daavaa thoknaa) carries a vivid, almost combative flavor -- like 'slapping down a claim' -- that you'll hear in everyday talk about property or inheritance fights within a family.
Common Mistakes: 1) दावा ठोकना (daavaa thoknaa) sounds assertive/informal ('to slap a claim on someone') -- learners sometimes use it in contexts that call for the more neutral मुक़दमा दायर करना (muqadmaa daayar karnaa, 'to file a lawsuit').
Sample Sentences:
उसने अपने भाई के खिलाफ अदालत में दावा ठोक दिया। He filed a lawsuit against his brother in court.
(usne apne bhaaii ke khilaaph adaalat men daavaa thok diyaa।)
Register: Casual -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Perfective -- Tense: Past -- Voice: Active
जमीन के इस टुकड़े पर परिवार में कई सालों से दावा चल रहा है। There has been a legal case over this piece of land in the family for many years.
(jamiin ke is tukde par parivaar men kaii saalon se daavaa chal rahaa hai।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Continuous -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Active
कंपनी ने बीमे की रकम के लिए दावा दाखिल किया है। The company has filed a claim for the insurance amount.
(kampnii ne biime kii rakam ke lie daavaa daakhil kiyaa hai।)
Register: Formal -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Perfective -- Tense: Past -- Voice: Active
अगर वे समझौता नहीं करेंगे तो हम दावा ठोक देंगे। If they don't reach a settlement, we will file a lawsuit.
(agar ve samjhautaa nahiin karenge to ham daavaa thok denge।)
Register: Casual -- Mood: Indicative -- Tense: Future -- Voice: Active
वकील साहब, कृपया मेरी तरफ से दावा दायर कर दें। Lawyer sahib, please file the lawsuit on my behalf.
(vakiil saahab, kripyaa merii taraph se daavaa daayar kar den।)
Register: Formal -- Mood: Imperative -- Voice: Active
अदालत ने उसका दावा खारिज कर दिया। The court dismissed his lawsuit.
(adaalat ne uskaa daavaa khaarij kar diyaa।)
Register: Formal -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Perfective -- Tense: Past -- Voice: Active
यह दावा पिछले महीने अदालत में दाखिल किया गया था। This lawsuit was filed in court last month.
(yah daavaa pichhle mahiine adaalat men daakhil kiyaa gayaa thaa।)
Register: Formal -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Perfective -- Tense: Past -- Voice: Passive
काश वह दावा वापस ले लेता, तो इतना झगड़ा नहीं होता। If only he had withdrawn the lawsuit, there wouldn't have been so much fighting.
(kaash vah daavaa vaapas le letaa, to itnaa jhagdaa nahiin hotaa।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Counterfactual -- Aspect: Habitual -- Voice: Active
अगर उसका दावा सही साबित हो जाए तो पूरी जमीन उसके नाम हो जाएगी। If his claim is proven correct, the entire land will be transferred to his name.
(agar uskaa daavaa sahii saabit ho jaae to poorii jamiin uske naam ho jaaegii।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Subjunctive -- Voice: Active
दोनों भाइयों के बीच दावों का सिलसिला बरसों से चलता रहता है। The string of lawsuits between the two brothers has kept going on for years.
(donon bhaaiyon ke biich daavon kaa silsilaa barson se chaltaa rahtaa hai।)
Register: Literary -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Habitual -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Active
Morphology
Noun
(sg.m.direct): दावा (daavaa)
(sg.m.oblique): दावे (daave)
(pl.m.direct): दावे (daave)
(pl.m.oblique): दावों (daavon)