स्वप्न देखना (svapn dekhnaa)

verb A compound expression meaning 'to dream' -- स्वप्न (svapn) is the literary/formal word for 'dream' and देखना (dekhnaa) means 'to see', so literally this is 'to see a dream'. Covers both the literal (sleep) sense and the figurative (aspiration) sense, just like English 'dream'.
Sense 1 : to dream (during sleep)
verb, transitive स्वप्न (svapn) itself is invariant here; only देखना (dekhnaa) inflects. The dreamer is usually marked with को (ko): मुझे स्वप्न आया (mujhe svapn aayaa, 'I had a dream') is also common as an alternative construction using आना (aanaa) instead of देखना (dekhnaa).
Synonyms: सपना देखना (sapnaa dekhnaa, everyday variant)
Frequency: medium
Cultural Note: स्वप्न (svapn) carries a slightly more poetic or classical flavor than its everyday twin सपना (sapnaa) -- you will meet स्वप्न (svapn) more in songs, scripture-adjacent contexts, and formal writing, while सपना देखना (sapnaa dekhnaa) is what fills ordinary conversation. Both behave identically grammatically.
Common Mistakes: 1) Learners often reach for this phrase in casual speech, but सपना देखना (sapnaa dekhnaa) is what people actually say at home and with friends; स्वप्न देखना (svapn dekhnaa) sounds a touch formal or literary, more at home in writing or a slightly elevated register. 2) Do not translate word-for-word as 'to see a dream' in English when explaining to others -- the natural English is simply 'to dream' or 'to have a dream.'
Sample Sentences:
रात को मैंने एक अद्भुत स्वप्न देखा। Last night I dreamed a wonderful dream.
(raat ko mainne ek adbhut svapn dekhaa।)
Register: Literary -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Perfective -- Tense: Past -- Voice: Active
ऋषि ने तपस्या करते हुए एक दिव्य स्वप्न देखा। The sage saw a divine dream while doing penance.
(rishi ne tapasyaa karte hue ek divy svapn dekhaa।)
Register: Devotional -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Perfective -- Tense: Past -- Voice: Active
वह हर रात कोई न कोई स्वप्न देखती है। She dreams some dream or other every night.
(vah har raat koii n koii svapn dekhtii hai।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Habitual -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Active
क्या तुम कभी रंगीन स्वप्न देखते हो? Do you ever dream in color?
(kyaa tum kabhii rangiin svapn dekhte ho?)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Habitual -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Active
वह अभी स्वप्न देख रहा है, उसे मत जगाओ। He is dreaming right now, don't wake him.
(vah abhii svapn dekh rahaa hai, use mat jagaao।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Continuous -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Active
काश मैं भी ऐसा सुंदर स्वप्न देखता। I wish I too had dreamed such a beautiful dream.
(kaash main bhii aisaa sundar svapn dekhtaa।)
Register: Literary -- Mood: Counterfactual -- Aspect: Habitual -- Voice: Active
यदि तुम गहरी निद्रा में सोते, तो स्वप्न देखते। If you had slept in deep slumber, you would have dreamed.
(yadi tum gahrii nidraa men sote, to svapn dekhte।)
Register: Literary -- Mood: Counterfactual -- Aspect: Habitual -- Voice: Active
आज रात तुम कैसा स्वप्न देखोगे, यह कौन जानता है? What dream you will dream tonight, who knows?
(aaj raat tum kaisaa svapn dekhoge, yah kaun jaantaa hai?)
Register: Literary -- Mood: Indicative -- Tense: Future -- Voice: Active
कवि ने लिखा कि उसने रात्रि में एक विचित्र स्वप्न देखा था। The poet wrote that he had seen a strange dream at night.
(kavi ne likhaa ki usne raatri men ek vichitr svapn dekhaa thaa।)
Register: Literary -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Perfective -- Tense: Past -- Voice: Active
कहा जाता है कि साधु को स्वप्न में देवता के दर्शन हुए और उसने वह स्वप्न देखा। It is said that the sage had a vision of the deity in his sleep and he dreamed that dream.
(kahaa jaataa hai ki saadhu ko svapn men devtaa ke darshan hue aur usne vah svapn dekhaa।)
Register: Devotional -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Perfective -- Tense: Past -- Voice: Passive
Sense 2 : to dream of, aspire to (figurative)
verb, transitive Often takes an object marked with का (kaa) or a subordinate clause: सफलता का स्वप्न देखना (saphaltaa kaa svapn dekhnaa, 'to dream of success').
Synonyms: सपना देखना (sapnaa dekhnaa, everyday variant)
Frequency: medium
Cultural Note: This figurative sense shows up heavily in inspirational and nationalistic writing -- think of speeches about 'a dream for the nation' (raashtr kaa svapn) -- where the loftier स्वप्न (svapn) fits the register better than the homely सपना (sapnaa).
Common Mistakes: 1) As with the literal sense, सपना देखना (sapnaa dekhnaa) is far more natural in speech for talking about life ambitions; स्वप्न देखना (svapn dekhnaa) leans toward speeches, essays, and motivational writing.
Sample Sentences:
हर नेता को एक सशक्त राष्ट्र का स्वप्न देखना चाहिए। Every leader should dream of a powerful nation.
(har netaa ko ek sashakt raashtr kaa svapn dekhnaa chaahie।)
Register: Formal -- Mood: Subjunctive -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Active
गांधी जी ने एक स्वतंत्र और समान भारत का स्वप्न देखा था। Gandhi ji had dreamed of a free and equal India.
(gaandhii jii ne ek svatantr aur samaan bhaarat kaa svapn dekhaa thaa।)
Register: Formal -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Perfective -- Tense: Past -- Voice: Active
यह पीढ़ी एक नए युग का स्वप्न देखती है, जहाँ विज्ञान और मानवता साथ चलें। This generation dreams of a new era, where science and humanity walk together.
(yah piidhii ek nae yug kaa svapn dekhtii hai, jahaan vigyaan aur maanavtaa saath chalen।)
Register: Literary -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Habitual -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Active
हे युवाओ, बड़े स्वप्न देखो और उन्हें साकार करने का संकल्प लो। O youth, dream big dreams and resolve to make them real.
(he yuvaao, bade svapn dekho aur unhen saakaar karne kaa sankalp lo।)
Register: Formal -- Mood: Imperative -- Voice: Active
यदि हम सामूहिक कल्याण का स्वप्न न देखें, तो प्रगति अधूरी रहेगी। If we do not dream of collective welfare, progress will remain incomplete.
(yadi ham saamoohik kalyaan kaa svapn n dekhen, to pragti adhoorii rahegii।)
Register: Formal -- Mood: Subjunctive -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Active
काश वे भी एक समरस समाज का स्वप्न देखते। If only they too dreamed of a harmonious society.
(kaash ve bhii ek samras samaaj kaa svapn dekhte।)
Register: Literary -- Mood: Counterfactual -- Aspect: Habitual -- Voice: Active
इस भाषण में वक्ता एक ऐसे राष्ट्र का स्वप्न देख रहा था जहाँ सबको समान अवसर मिलें। In this speech, the speaker was dreaming of a nation where everyone would get equal opportunities.
(is bhaashan men vaktaa ek aise raashtr kaa svapn dekh rahaa thaa jahaan sabko samaan avsar milen।)
Register: Formal -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Continuous -- Tense: Past -- Voice: Active
आज़ादी के दीवानों द्वारा देखा गया स्वप्न आज भी हमें प्रेरित करता है। The dream that was dreamed by the devotees of freedom still inspires us today.
(aazaadii ke diivaanon dvaaraa dekhaa gayaa svapn aaj bhii hamen prerit kartaa hai।)
Register: Literary -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Perfective -- Tense: Past -- Voice: Passive
क्या हम कभी एक भ्रष्टाचार-मुक्त व्यवस्था का स्वप्न देख पाएँगे? Will we ever be able to dream of a corruption-free system?
(kyaa ham kabhii ek bhrashtaachaar-mukt vyavasthaa kaa svapn dekh paaenge?)
Register: Formal -- Mood: Indicative -- Tense: Future -- Voice: Active
Morphology
Verb
infinitive: स्वप्न देखना (svapn dekhnaa)
infinitive oblique: स्वप्न देखने (svapn dekhne)
habitual/simple (sg.m): स्वप्न देखता (svapn dekhtaa)
habitual/simple (pl.m): स्वप्न देखते (svapn dekhte)
habitual/simple (sg.f): स्वप्न देखती (svapn dekhtii)
habitual/simple (pl.f): स्वप्न देखतीं (svapn dekhtiin)
continuous (sg.m): स्वप्न देख रहा (svapn dekh rahaa)
continuous (pl.m): स्वप्न देख रहे (svapn dekh rahe)
continuous (sg.f): स्वप्न देख रही (svapn dekh rahii)
continuous (pl.f): स्वप्न देख रहीं (svapn dekh rahiin)
perfective (sg.m): स्वप्न देखा (svapn dekhaa)
perfective (pl.m): स्वप्न देखे (svapn dekhe)
perfective (sg.f): स्वप्न देखी (svapn dekhii)
perfective (pl.f): स्वप्न देखीं (svapn dekhiin)
imperative (informal): स्वप्न देख (svapn dekh)
imperative (neutral): स्वप्न देखो (svapn dekho)
imperative (formal): स्वप्न देखिए (svapn dekhie)
future (1sg.m): स्वप्न देखूँगा (svapn dekhoongaa)
future (1sg.f): स्वप्न देखूँगी (svapn dekhoongii)
future (1pl.m): स्वप्न देखेंगे (svapn dekhenge)
future (1pl.f): स्वप्न देखेंगी (svapn dekhengii)
future (2sg.m): स्वप्न देखेगा (svapn dekhegaa)
future (2sg.f): स्वप्न देखेगी (svapn dekhegii)
future (2pl.m): स्वप्न देखोगे (svapn dekhoge)
future (2pl.f): स्वप्न देखोगी (svapn dekhogii)
future (3sg.m): स्वप्न देखेगा (svapn dekhegaa)
future (3sg.f): स्वप्न देखेगी (svapn dekhegii)
future (3pl.m): स्वप्न देखेंगे (svapn dekhenge)
future (3pl.f): स्वप्न देखेंगी (svapn dekhengii)
subjunctive (1sg): स्वप्न देखूँ (svapn dekhoon)
subjunctive (1pl): स्वप्न देखें (svapn dekhen)
subjunctive (2sg): स्वप्न देखे (svapn dekhe)
subjunctive (2pl): स्वप्न देखो (svapn dekho)
subjunctive (3sg): स्वप्न देखे (svapn dekhe)
subjunctive (3pl): स्वप्न देखें (svapn dekhen)