रफ़्तार (raftaar)

noun A single-sense noun meaning 'speed/pace,' used both literally (traffic, vehicles) and figuratively (pace of life, progress).
Sense 1 : speed, pace
noun, feminine
Synonyms: गति (gati), स्पीड (spiid, colloquial, English loanword), चाल (chaal)
Frequency: high
Cultural Note: You'll hear रफ़्तार (raftaar) constantly in Delhi traffic conversations -- गाड़ी की रफ़्तार कम करो (gaadii kii raftaar kam karo, 'slow the car down') is something every backseat passenger says. It also extends nicely to abstract pace, like ज़िंदगी की रफ़्तार (zindgii kii raftaar, 'the pace of life'), which is a favorite phrase in Hindi journalism and songs about the hustle of city living.
Common Mistakes: 1) Learners often reach for स्पीड (spiid) by default since it looks like English 'speed', but रफ़्तार (raftaar) is the word native speakers reach for first in both spoken and written Hindi, especially in news, traffic reports, and everyday complaints about slow progress. 2) The common verb pairing is रफ़्तार बढ़ाना (raftaar badhaanaa, 'to increase speed') or रफ़्तार पकड़ना (raftaar pakadnaa, 'to pick up speed') -- learners sometimes try to build these with तेज़ करना (tez karnaa) alone, which works but sounds less natural than the fixed collocation.
Sample Sentences:
गाड़ी की रफ़्तार कम करो, आगे मोड़ है। Slow the car down, there's a turn ahead.
(gaadii kii raftaar kam karo, aage mod hai।)
Register: Casual -- Mood: Imperative -- Voice: Active
इस हाईवे पर गाड़ियाँ बहुत रफ़्तार से चलती हैं। Cars go at a very high speed on this highway.
(is haaiive par gaadiyaan bahut raftaar se chaltii hain।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Habitual -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Active
ट्रेन की रफ़्तार अचानक बढ़ गई। The train's speed suddenly increased.
(tren kii raftaar achaanak badh gaii।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Perfective -- Tense: Past -- Voice: Active
आज ज़िंदगी की रफ़्तार इतनी तेज़ हो गई है कि सुकून के लिए वक़्त ही नहीं मिलता। Today the pace of life has become so fast that there's no time left for peace.
(aaj zindgii kii raftaar itnii tez ho gaii hai ki sukoon ke lie vaqt hii nahiin miltaa।)
Register: Literary -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Perfective -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Active
अगर वह अपनी रफ़्तार धीमी नहीं करेगा, तो हादसा हो जाएगा। If he doesn't slow down his speed, there will be an accident.
(agar vah apnii raftaar dhiimii nahiin karegaa, to haadsaa ho jaaegaa।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Indicative -- Tense: Future -- Voice: Active
काश तेज़ रफ़्तार में गाड़ी न चलाई होती, तो यह हादसा न होता। If only the car hadn't been driven at high speed, this accident wouldn't have happened.
(kaash tez raftaar men gaadii n chalaaii hotii, to yah haadsaa n hotaa।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Counterfactual -- Aspect: Perfective -- Voice: Passive
सड़क पर वाहनों की रफ़्तार सीमित की जाती है। The speed of vehicles on the road is restricted.
(sadak par vaahnon kii raftaar siimit kii jaatii hai।)
Register: Formal -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Habitual -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Passive
शायद तूफ़ान की रफ़्तार कल तक कम हो जाए। Perhaps the storm's speed will die down by tomorrow.
(shaayad toofaan kii raftaar kal tak kam ho jaae।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Subjunctive -- Voice: Active
जब से नई सड़क बनी है, ट्रैफ़िक की रफ़्तार बढ़ गई है। Ever since the new road was built, the pace of traffic has increased.
(jab se naii sadak banii hai, traifik kii raftaar badh gaii hai।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Perfective -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Active
विकास की रफ़्तार बढ़ाने के लिए सरकार ने नई योजना बनाई है। To increase the pace of development, the government has made a new plan.
(vikaas kii raftaar badhaane ke lie sarkaar ne naii yojnaa banaaii hai।)
Register: Formal -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Perfective -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Active
अरे भई, थोड़ी रफ़्तार तो बढ़ाओ, लेट हो जाएंगे! Come on man, pick up the speed a bit, we're going to be late!
(are bhaii, thodii raftaar to badhaao, let ho jaaenge!)
Register: Casual -- Mood: Imperative -- Voice: Active
Morphology
Noun
(sg.f.direct): रफ़्तार (raftaar)
(sg.f.oblique): रफ़्तार (raftaar)
(pl.f.direct): रफ़्तारें (raftaaren)
(pl.f.oblique): रफ़्तारों (raftaaron)