लोहा (lohaa)

noun Primarily the metal iron (lohaa) in everyday concrete use; it also extends figuratively into a fixed idiom about grudging respect for strength.
Sense 1 : the metal iron
noun, masculine
Frequency: high
Cultural Note: Every Indian household knows लोहा (lohaa) from the कड़ाही (kadaahii, 'wok/pan') and से (sariyaa, 'rebar') used in construction -- it's a very tactile, physical word, not an abstract chemistry term. Think of a blacksmith's shop (लोहार (lohaar, 'blacksmith') is built right on this root) rather than a periodic table.
Common Mistakes: 1) Learners sometimes confuse लोहा (lohaa) with लोहे का (lohe kaa, 'made of iron'), the adjectival form used before a noun -- लोहा (lohaa) itself is the noun, not the adjective, e.g. लोहे की कुर्सी (lohe kii kursii, 'iron chair'), not लोहा कुर्सी (lohaa kursii).
Sample Sentences:
यह कड़ाही लोहे की बनी है। This wok is made of iron.
(yah kadaahii lohe kii banii hai।)
Register: Casual -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Perfective -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Passive
लोहार गरम लोहे को हथौड़े से पीट रहा था। The blacksmith was hammering the hot iron.
(lohaar garam lohe ko hathaude se piit rahaa thaa।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Continuous -- Tense: Past -- Voice: Active
लोहा हवा में रखा रहे तो जंग खा जाता है। If iron is left out in the air, it rusts.
(lohaa havaa men rakhaa rahe to jang khaa jaataa hai।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Habitual -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Active
इस इमारत की छत में मोटा सरिया यानी लोहा लगा है। Thick rebar, that is, iron, has been fitted into this building's ceiling.
(is imaarat kii chhat men motaa sariyaa yaanii lohaa lagaa hai।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Perfective -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Passive
पुराना लोहा मत फेंको, कबाड़ी को बेच दो। Don't throw away the old iron, sell it to the scrap dealer.
(puraanaa lohaa mat phenko, kabaadii ko bech do।)
Register: Casual -- Mood: Imperative -- Voice: Active
अगर लोहा थोड़ा और मोटा होता तो गेट ज्यादा मजबूत बनता। If the iron had been a bit thicker, the gate would have turned out sturdier.
(agar lohaa thodaa aur motaa hotaa to get jyaadaa majboot bantaa।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Counterfactual -- Aspect: Habitual -- Voice: Active
इस फैक्टरी में हर रोज़ हज़ारों टन लोहा गलाया जाता है। Thousands of tons of iron are smelted in this factory every day.
(is phaiktrii men har roz hazaaron tan lohaa galaayaa jaataa hai।)
Register: Formal -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Habitual -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Passive
डॉक्टर ने कहा कि खून में लोहे की कमी है, इसलिए पालक खाओ। The doctor said there's a lack of iron in the blood, so eat spinach.
(doktar ne kahaa ki khoon men lohe kii kamii hai, islie paalak khaao।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Perfective -- Tense: Past -- Voice: Active
भारत में लोहे की खदानें मुख्यतः झारखंड और ओड़िशा में हैं। Iron mines in India are mainly in Jharkhand and Odisha.
(bhaarat men lohe kii khadaanen mukhytah jhaarkhand aur odishaa men hain।)
Register: Formal -- Mood: Indicative -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Active
गर्म लोहे पर ही चोट करनी चाहिए, ठंडा होने पर मुश्किल हो जाता है। You should strike while the iron is hot; once it cools down, it becomes difficult.
(garm lohe par hii chot karnii chaahie, thandaa hone par mushkil ho jaataa hai।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Subjunctive -- Aspect: Habitual -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Active
क्या यह ताला असली लोहे का है या सस्ती धातु का? Is this lock made of real iron or some cheap metal?
(kyaa yah taalaa aslii lohe kaa hai yaa sastii dhaatu kaa?)
Register: Casual -- Mood: Indicative -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Active
Sense 2 : grudging respect for someone's strength/skill, as in the idiom लोहा मानना
noun, masculine Almost always occurs as the fixed idiom लोहा मानना (lohaa maannaa, 'to concede someone's strength/skill') -- the person whose strength is acknowledged is marked with का (kaa), e.g. सबने उसकी ताकत का लोहा माना (sabne uskii taakat kaa lohaa maanaa, 'everyone acknowledged his strength').
Frequency: medium
Cultural Note: This idiom carries a flavor of respect earned through a contest or challenge -- like admitting an opponent hit harder than you expected. It's common in sports commentary and everyday boasting about a rival's skill, e.g. दुश्मन भी उसका लोहा मानते हैं (dushman bhii uskaa lohaa maante hain, 'even his enemies acknowledge his mettle').
Common Mistakes: 1) This sense barely exists outside the idiom लोहा मानना (lohaa maannaa) -- learners shouldn't try to use लोहा (lohaa) alone to mean 'respect' or 'admiration.'
Sample Sentences:
दुश्मन भी उसका लोहा मानते हैं। Even his enemies acknowledge his mettle.
(dushman bhii uskaa lohaa maante hain।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Habitual -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Active
पूरी टीम उसकी काबिलियत का लोहा मानती है। The whole team acknowledges her ability.
(poorii tiim uskii kaabiliyat kaa lohaa maantii hai।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Habitual -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Active
उस मैच के बाद आलोचकों ने भी उसका लोहा माना। After that match, even the critics acknowledged his mettle.
(us maich ke baad aalochkon ne bhii uskaa lohaa maanaa।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Perfective -- Tense: Past -- Voice: Active
एक दिन सारी दुनिया तुम्हारा लोहा मानेगी। One day the whole world will acknowledge your mettle.
(ek din saarii duniyaa tumhaaraa lohaa maanegii।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Indicative -- Tense: Future -- Voice: Active
अगर वह फाइनल जीत जाता, तो सब उसका लोहा मानते। If he had won the final, everyone would have acknowledged his mettle.
(agar vah phaainal jiit jaataa, to sab uskaa lohaa maante।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Counterfactual -- Aspect: Habitual -- Voice: Active
मैं चाहता हूँ कि लोग मेरे काम का लोहा मानें, तारीफ नहीं सुनना चाहता। I want people to acknowledge the strength of my work, not just hear compliments.
(main chaahtaa hoon ki log mere kaam kaa lohaa maanen, taariiph nahiin sunnaa chaahtaa।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Subjunctive -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Active
यार, इतनी मेहनत के बाद तो लोग तेरा लोहा मान ही लेंगे। Dude, after this much hard work, people are bound to acknowledge your mettle.
(yaar, itnii mehnat ke baad to log teraa lohaa maan hii lenge।)
Register: Casual -- Mood: Indicative -- Tense: Future -- Voice: Active
प्रतिद्वंद्वी खिलाड़ियों को उसकी फुर्ती का लोहा मानना ही पड़ा। The rival players had no choice but to acknowledge his agility.
(pratidvandvii khilaadiyon ko uskii phurtii kaa lohaa maannaa hii padaa।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Perfective -- Tense: Past -- Voice: Active
समिति द्वारा उनकी नेतृत्व-क्षमता का लोहा माना गया। His leadership ability was formally acknowledged by the committee.
(samiti dvaaraa unkii netritv-kshamtaa kaa lohaa maanaa gayaa।)
Register: Formal -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Perfective -- Tense: Past -- Voice: Passive
इतिहास ने भी उस सेनापति की रणनीति का लोहा माना है। Even history has acknowledged that general's strategic genius.
(itihaas ne bhii us senaapti kii ranniiti kaa lohaa maanaa hai।)
Register: Literary -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Perfective -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Active
Morphology
Noun
(sg.m.direct): लोहा (lohaa)
(sg.m.oblique): लोहे (lohe)
(pl.m.direct): लोहे (lohe)
(pl.m.oblique): लोहों (lohon)