क़दम (qadam)

noun Mainly a noun meaning 'step' or 'footstep' (both literal and figurative, as in taking action), with a common idiomatic life in phrases about progress and initiative. Also spelled कदम (kadam) without the nuqta -- both are widely seen.
Sense 1 : a physical step or footstep
noun, masculine
Synonyms: पग (pag, literary), डग (dag, literary)
Frequency: high
Cultural Note: You will hear क़दम (qadam) in everyday walking contexts -- क़दम मिलाकर चलना (qadam milaakar chalnaa, 'to walk in step with someone') is a lovely image used for companionship or solidarity, whether literally on a street or figuratively in a relationship.
Common Mistakes: 1) Learners often reach for चलना (chalnaa) alone when they mean 'take a step,' but the natural collocation is क़दम रखना (qadam rakhnaa, 'to place a step') or क़दम बढ़ाना (qadam badhaanaa, 'to move a step forward'); the bare noun rarely stands alone as a verb substitute.
Sample Sentences:
उसने आगे एक क़दम बढ़ाया। He took a step forward.
(usne aage ek qadam badhaayaa।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Perfective -- Tense: Past -- Voice: Active
बच्चा धीरे-धीरे क़दम रखता है। The child places his steps slowly.
(bachchaa dhiire-dhiire qadam rakhtaa hai।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Habitual -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Active
वे दोनों क़दम मिलाकर चल रहे थे। The two of them were walking in step together.
(ve donon qadam milaakar chal rahe the।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Continuous -- Tense: Past -- Voice: Active
ज़रा अपने क़दम पीछे खींचो, गड्ढा है। Pull your foot back a little, there's a hole.
(zaraa apne qadam piichhe khiincho, gaddhaa hai।)
Register: Casual -- Mood: Imperative -- Voice: Active
अगर बर्फ़ पर क़दम रखते तो फिसल जाते। If we had stepped on the ice, we would have slipped.
(agar barf par qadam rakhte to phisal jaate।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Counterfactual -- Aspect: Habitual -- Voice: Active
उसके क़दमों की आवाज़ दूर से सुनी जा सकती थी। The sound of his footsteps could be heard from far away.
(uske qadmon kii aavaaz door se sunii jaa saktii thii।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Habitual -- Tense: Past -- Voice: Passive
हो सकता है वह अगला क़दम गलत जगह रखे। It's possible he might place his next step in the wrong spot.
(ho saktaa hai vah aglaa qadam galat jagah rakhe।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Subjunctive -- Voice: Active
बुज़ुर्ग व्यक्ति हर क़दम पर सावधानी से चलता है। The elderly man walks carefully with every step.
(buzurg vyakti har qadam par saavdhaanii se chaltaa hai।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Habitual -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Active
सैनिकों के क़दमों की धमक पूरे मैदान में गूंज उठी। The thud of the soldiers' footsteps echoed across the whole field.
(sainikon ke qadmon kii dhamak poore maidaan men goonj uthii।)
Register: Literary -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Perfective -- Tense: Past -- Voice: Active
मंच पर क़दम रखते ही तालियों की गड़गड़ाहट शुरू हो गई। The moment he set foot on the stage, thunderous applause began.
(manch par qadam rakhte hii taaliyon kii gadagdaahat shuroo ho gaii।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Perfective -- Tense: Past -- Voice: Active
क़दम संभल कर रखिए, रास्ता टेढ़ा है। Please place your steps carefully, the path is uneven.
(qadam sambhal kar rakhie, raastaa tedhaa hai।)
Register: Formal -- Mood: Imperative -- Voice: Active
Sense 2 : a figurative step or measure taken toward a goal
noun, masculine Common in the frame क़दम उठाना (qadam uthaanaa, 'to take a step/measure') used for decisions, policies, or personal resolutions.
Synonyms: कार्रवाई (kaarrvaaii, action/measure), उपाय (upaay, measure/remedy)
Frequency: high
Cultural Note: This is the word you will hear in news reports -- सरकार ने कड़े क़दम उठाए (sarkaar ne kade qadam uthaae, 'the government took strict measures') -- so it carries a slightly formal, official flavor even though it is everyday vocabulary.
Common Mistakes: 1) Learners sometimes translate 'take a step' word for word with लेना (lenaa), but Hindi idiom demands उठाना (uthaanaa) here -- क़दम उठाना (qadam uthaanaa), not क़दम लेना (qadam lenaa).
Sample Sentences:
सरकार ने कड़े क़दम उठाए हैं। The government has taken strict measures.
(sarkaar ne kade qadam uthaae hain।)
Register: Formal -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Perfective -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Active
यह एक अच्छा क़दम है। This is a good step.
(yah ek achchhaa qadam hai।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Indicative -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Active
कंपनी अपना अगला क़दम क्या उठाएगी? What step will the company take next?
(kampnii apnaa aglaa qadam kyaa uthaaegii?)
Register: Formal -- Mood: Indicative -- Tense: Future -- Voice: Active
हमें इस दिशा में कोई ठोस क़दम उठाना चाहिए। We should take some concrete step in this direction.
(hamen is dishaa men koii thos qadam uthaanaa chaahie।)
Register: Formal -- Mood: Subjunctive -- Voice: Active
काश हमने समय पर यह क़दम उठाया होता। I wish we had taken this step in time.
(kaash hamne samay par yah qadam uthaayaa hotaa।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Counterfactual -- Aspect: Perfective -- Voice: Active
यह क़दम उठाओ, वरना बहुत देर हो जाएगी। Take this step, or it will be too late.
(yah qadam uthaao, varnaa bahut der ho jaaegii।)
Register: Casual -- Mood: Imperative -- Voice: Active
प्रधानमंत्री द्वारा कई महत्वपूर्ण क़दम उठाए गए। Several important steps were taken by the prime minister.
(pradhaanmantrii dvaaraa kaii mahatvpoorn qadam uthaae gae।)
Register: Formal -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Perfective -- Tense: Past -- Voice: Passive
बच्चों की सुरक्षा के लिए स्कूल हमेशा एहतियाती क़दम उठाता है। The school always takes precautionary measures for the children's safety.
(bachchon kii surakshaa ke lie skool hameshaa ehtiyaatii qadam uthaataa hai।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Habitual -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Active
पुलिस इस मामले में क़दम उठा रही है। The police are taking action in this matter.
(pulis is maamle men qadam uthaa rahii hai।)
Register: Formal -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Continuous -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Active
क्या आपको लगता है कि यह सही क़दम था? Do you think this was the right move?
(kyaa aapko lagtaa hai ki yah sahii qadam thaa?)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Indicative -- Tense: Past -- Voice: Active
अगर वे यह क़दम उठाएँ तो मामला सुलझ सकता है। If they take this step, the matter could get resolved.
(agar ve yah qadam uthaaen to maamlaa sulajh saktaa hai।)
Register: Formal -- Mood: Subjunctive -- Voice: Active
Sense 3 : a stage or point in a process (idiomatic 'step by step')
noun, masculine Appears in the reduplicated adverbial phrase क़दम क़दम पर (qadam qadam par, 'at every step') meaning 'constantly, at every turn.'
Synonyms: चरण (charan, stage, more formal/technical)
Frequency: medium
Cultural Note: क़दम क़दम पर (qadam qadam par, 'at every step') is a phrase you will hear in both everyday complaints -- 'क़दम क़दम पर मुश्किलें आती हैं' (qadam qadam par mushkilen aatii hain, 'difficulties arise at every step') -- and in patriotic or motivational speech, giving it a slightly rhetorical, emphatic feel.
Sample Sentences:
क़दम क़दम पर मुश्किलें आती हैं। Difficulties arise at every step.
(qadam qadam par mushkilen aatii hain।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Habitual -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Active
इस काम को हम क़दम दर क़दम पूरा करेंगे। We will complete this work step by step.
(is kaam ko ham qadam dar qadam pooraa karenge।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Indicative -- Tense: Future -- Voice: Active
ज़िंदगी के हर क़दम पर उसे कुछ नया सीखने को मिला। At every stage of life, she got to learn something new.
(zindgii ke har qadam par use kuchh nayaa siikhne ko milaa।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Perfective -- Tense: Past -- Voice: Active
देश की तरक़्क़ी के हर क़दम पर जनता का साथ ज़रूरी है। At every stage of the nation's progress, the people's support is essential.
(desh kii taraqqii ke har qadam par jantaa kaa saath zaroorii hai।)
Register: Formal -- Mood: Indicative -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Active
अगर हम क़दम दर क़दम आगे बढ़ते तो यह प्रोजेक्ट कभी अटकता नहीं। If we had moved forward step by step, this project would never have stalled.
(agar ham qadam dar qadam aage badhte to yah projekt kabhii ataktaa nahiin।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Counterfactual -- Aspect: Habitual -- Voice: Active
क़दम दर क़दम समझाओ, ताकि वह सब कुछ ठीक से सीख सके। Explain it step by step, so that he can learn everything properly.
(qadam dar qadam samjhaao, taaki vah sab kuchh thiik se siikh sake।)
Register: Casual -- Mood: Imperative -- Voice: Active
स्वतंत्रता संग्राम के हर क़दम पर बलिदान की गाथाएँ जुड़ी हैं। Tales of sacrifice are woven into every stage of the freedom struggle.
(svatantrtaa sangraam ke har qadam par balidaan kii gaathaaen judii hain।)
Register: Literary -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Perfective -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Passive
शायद इस बार क़दम क़दम पर सावधानी बरती जाए। Perhaps caution should be exercised at every step this time.
(shaayad is baar qadam qadam par saavdhaanii bartii jaae।)
Register: Formal -- Mood: Subjunctive -- Voice: Passive
इस यात्रा के हर क़दम पर नई चुनौतियाँ सामने आईं। New challenges arose at every stage of this journey.
(is yaatraa ke har qadam par naii chunautiyaan saamne aaiin।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Perfective -- Tense: Past -- Voice: Active
Morphology
Noun
(sg.m.direct): क़दम (qadam)
(sg.m.oblique): क़दम (qadam)
(pl.m.direct): क़दम (qadam)
(pl.m.oblique): क़दमों (qadmon)