मछली (machhlii)

noun A common noun meaning 'fish' -- both the live animal and the food/dish; also lends itself to a few everyday idioms and metaphors.
Sense 1 : fish (the animal)
noun, feminine
Frequency: high
Cultural Note: Think of a Delhi fish market stall or the fish tank at a Chinese-Indian restaurant -- मछली (machhlii) is the go-to everyday word, no fancier alternative needed. Bengali and coastal households in particular treat मछली (machhlii) as a kitchen staple, and you will often hear मछली-भात (machhlii-bhaat, 'fish and rice') used affectionately to describe Bengali cuisine.
Common Mistakes: 1) Learners sometimes forget मछली (machhlii) is feminine even when referring to a male fish or fish in general -- gender agreement on adjectives/verbs stays feminine regardless of the actual sex of the fish, similar to English 'she' for ships.
Sample Sentences:
बच्चों को मछली-घर में मछलियाँ बहुत पसंद आईं। The kids loved the fish at the aquarium.
(bachchon ko machhlii-ghar men machhliyaan bahut pasand aaiin।)
Register: Casual -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Perfective -- Tense: Past -- Voice: Active
यह मछली नदी में तैर रही है। This fish is swimming in the river.
(yah machhlii nadii men tair rahii hai।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Continuous -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Active
मछलियाँ पानी के बिना नहीं रह सकतीं। Fish cannot survive without water.
(machhliyaan paanii ke binaa nahiin rah saktiin।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Habitual -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Active
बंगाली घरों में मछली-भात खाने की परंपरा बहुत पुरानी है। The tradition of eating fish and rice is very old in Bengali households.
(bangaalii gharon men machhlii-bhaat khaane kii parampraa bahut puraanii hai।)
Register: Casual -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Habitual -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Active
अगर तालाब सूख जाता तो सारी मछलियाँ मर जातीं। If the pond had dried up, all the fish would have died.
(agar taalaab sookh jaataa to saarii machhliyaan mar jaatiin।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Counterfactual -- Aspect: Perfective -- Voice: Active
मछली को पकड़ो, वह हाथ से फिसल रही है! Catch the fish, it's slipping out of your hands!
(machhlii ko pakdo, vah haath se phisal rahii hai!)
Register: Casual -- Mood: Imperative -- Voice: Active
मछुआरे सुबह-सुबह नदी में मछली पकड़ने निकल गए। The fishermen set out early in the morning to catch fish in the river.
(machhuaare subah-subah nadii men machhlii pakadne nikal gae।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Perfective -- Tense: Past -- Voice: Active
जीव विज्ञान की किताब में मछली की साँस लेने की प्रक्रिया समझाई गई है। The biology textbook explains how a fish breathes.
(jiiv vigyaan kii kitaab men machhlii kii saans lene kii prakriyaa samjhaaii gaii hai।)
Register: Formal -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Perfective -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Passive
क्या तुम्हें लगता है कि इस टैंक में मछलियाँ ज़िंदा रह पाएँगी? Do you think the fish will be able to survive in this tank?
(kyaa tumhen lagtaa hai ki is taink men machhliyaan zindaa rah paaengii?)
Register: Casual -- Mood: Subjunctive -- Tense: Future -- Voice: Active
पानी दूषित होने से हज़ारों मछलियाँ मर गईं। Thousands of fish died because the water got contaminated.
(paanii dooshit hone se hazaaron machhliyaan mar gaiin।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Perfective -- Tense: Past -- Voice: Active
मछली गंगा में पूजनीय भी मानी जाती है और जीवन का प्रतीक भी। The fish is considered sacred in the Ganga and also a symbol of life.
(machhlii gangaa men poojniiy bhii maanii jaatii hai aur jiivan kaa pratiik bhii।)
Register: Literary -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Habitual -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Passive
Sense 2 : fish (as food/dish)
noun, feminine
Frequency: high
Cultural Note: When someone says मछली खाना है (machhlii khaanaa hai, 'want to eat fish'), they mean the cooked dish, not a trip to the aquarium -- context does all the work, just like English 'fish' covers both.
Sample Sentences:
मुझे मछली खाना बहुत पसंद है। I really like eating fish.
(mujhe machhlii khaanaa bahut pasand hai।)
Register: Casual -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Habitual -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Active
आज रात खाने में मछली बनी है। Fish has been made for dinner tonight.
(aaj raat khaane men machhlii banii hai।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Perfective -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Passive
क्या तुमने कभी सरसों वाली मछली खाई है? Have you ever eaten mustard-sauce fish?
(kyaa tumne kabhii sarson vaalii machhlii khaaii hai?)
Register: Casual -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Perfective -- Tense: Past -- Voice: Active
मेरी माँ मछली बहुत अच्छी बनाती हैं। My mother cooks fish very well.
(merii maan machhlii bahut achchhii banaatii hain।)
Register: Casual -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Habitual -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Active
बाज़ार से ताज़ी मछली ले आना। Bring fresh fish from the market.
(baazaar se taazii machhlii le aanaa।)
Register: Casual -- Mood: Imperative -- Voice: Active
अगर मेहमान आ रहे हैं तो मछली भी बना लेते हैं। If guests are coming, let's make fish too.
(agar mehmaan aa rahe hain to machhlii bhii banaa lete hain।)
Register: Casual -- Mood: Subjunctive -- Aspect: Habitual -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Active
पार्टी में मछली और चावल परोसे गए। Fish and rice were served at the party.
(paartii men machhlii aur chaaval parose gae।)
Register: Formal -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Perfective -- Tense: Past -- Voice: Passive
बंगाल में हर दिन किसी न किसी तरह की मछली खाई जाती है। In Bengal, some kind of fish is eaten every day.
(bangaal men har din kisii n kisii tarah kii machhlii khaaii jaatii hai।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Habitual -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Passive
काश आज मछली मिल जाती, बहुत दिन हो गए खाए हुए। I wish I could get fish today, it's been many days since I ate it.
(kaash aaj machhlii mil jaatii, bahut din ho gae khaae hue।)
Register: Casual -- Mood: Counterfactual -- Aspect: Perfective -- Voice: Active
वेटर, एक प्लेट फ्राई मछली ले आइए। Waiter, please bring a plate of fried fish.
(vetar, ek plet phraaii machhlii le aaie।)
Register: Formal -- Mood: Imperative -- Voice: Active
शादी की दावत में मछली का एक खास व्यंजन बनाया गया था। A special fish dish was prepared for the wedding feast.
(shaadii kii daavat men machhlii kaa ek khaas vyanjan banaayaa gayaa thaa।)
Register: Formal -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Perfective -- Tense: Past -- Voice: Passive
Sense 3 : used figuratively for someone out of their element or restless
noun, feminine Appears mainly inside the fixed idiom पानी से बाहर मछली (paanii se baahar machhlii, 'fish out of water'), used just as in English for someone uncomfortable or out of place.
Frequency: medium
Cultural Note: The image maps neatly onto English's own 'fish out of water,' so this idiom is easy for learners to pick up and remember -- a rare case of Hindi and English sharing the exact same metaphor.
Common Mistakes: 1) This figurative use almost always appears inside the fixed phrase पानी के बिना मछली (paanii ke binaa machhlii) or पानी से बाहर मछली (paanii se baahar machhlii) -- मछली (machhlii) alone doesn't carry the 'restless/out of place' meaning without that frame.
Sample Sentences:
वह यहाँ बिल्कुल पानी के बिना मछली जैसा महसूस कर रहा है। He feels completely like a fish out of water here.
(vah yahaan bilkul paanii ke binaa machhlii jaisaa mahsoos kar rahaa hai।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Continuous -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Active
नए शहर में वह पानी के बिना मछली की तरह तड़प रही थी। In the new city, she was writhing like a fish out of water.
(nae shahar men vah paanii ke binaa machhlii kii tarah tadap rahii thii।)
Register: Literary -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Continuous -- Tense: Past -- Voice: Active
दफ़्तर के इस माहौल में मैं मछली जैसा बेचैन रहता हूँ। In this office environment, I stay restless like a fish out of water.
(daftar ke is maahaul men main machhlii jaisaa bechain rahtaa hoon।)
Register: Casual -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Habitual -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Active
गाँव से आया लड़का महानगर की भीड़ में मछली की तरह छटपटाने लगा। The boy who had come from the village started flopping around like a fish out of water in the crowd of the metropolis.
(gaanv se aayaa ladkaa mahaangar kii bhiid men machhlii kii tarah chhataptaane lagaa।)
Register: Literary -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Perfective -- Tense: Past -- Voice: Active
अगर तुम इस टीम में शामिल हो जाओगे तो पानी के बिना मछली जैसा महसूस करोगे। If you join this team, you'll feel like a fish out of water.
(agar tum is tiim men shaamil ho jaaoge to paanii ke binaa machhlii jaisaa mahsoos karoge।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Indicative -- Tense: Future -- Voice: Active
अगर वह थोड़ी देर के लिए भी शहर से बाहर रहता, तो पानी के बिना मछली जैसा बेचैन हो जाता। If he had stayed outside the city even for a little while, he would have become restless like a fish out of water.
(agar vah thodii der ke lie bhii shahar se baahar rahtaa, to paanii ke binaa machhlii jaisaa bechain ho jaataa।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Counterfactual -- Aspect: Habitual -- Voice: Active
इतना बेचैन मत हो, ऐसे मत घूमो जैसे पानी के बिना मछली हो। Don't be so restless, don't wander around as if you were a fish out of water.
(itnaa bechain mat ho, aise mat ghoomo jaise paanii ke binaa machhlii ho।)
Register: Casual -- Mood: Imperative -- Voice: Active
हो सकता है कि नई नौकरी में शुरू में वह पानी के बिना मछली जैसा लगे। It's possible that in the beginning, at the new job, he might seem like a fish out of water.
(ho saktaa hai ki naii naukrii men shuroo men vah paanii ke binaa machhlii jaisaa lage।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Subjunctive -- Voice: Active
इस औपचारिक समारोह में मुझे पानी के बिना मछली जैसा अनुभव हुआ। At this formal ceremony, I experienced feeling like a fish out of water.
(is aupchaarik samaaroh men mujhe paanii ke binaa machhlii jaisaa anubhav huaa।)
Register: Formal -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Perfective -- Tense: Past -- Voice: Active
उसकी बेचैनी देखकर सबने कहा कि वह किसी अनजान तालाब में पड़ी मछली जैसा लग रहा है। Seeing his restlessness, everyone said he looked like a fish stuck in an unfamiliar pond.
(uskii bechainii dekhkar sabne kahaa ki vah kisii anjaan taalaab men padii machhlii jaisaa lag rahaa hai।)
Register: Literary -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Continuous -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Active
Morphology
Noun
(sg.f.direct): मछली (machhlii)
(sg.f.oblique): मछली (machhlii)
(pl.f.direct): मछलियाँ (machhliyaan)
(pl.f.oblique): मछलियों (machhliyon)