सेनापति (senaapti)

noun A compound noun meaning 'commander' or 'general' -- literally 'lord/master (पति, pati) of an army (सेना, senaa)'. It has one core meaning, used both literally and in mild figurative extension for a leader of any group.
Sense 1 : military commander, general
noun, masculine
Synonyms: सेनाध्यक्ष (senaadhyaksh, formal), जनरल (janral), कमांडर (kamaandar)
Frequency: medium
Cultural Note: This is the word you meet constantly in tellings of the Mahabharat (mahaabhaarat) and Ramayan (raamaayan) -- figures like Bhishma (bhiishm) or Dronacharya (dronaachaary) are called सेनापति (senaapti) of their armies. It carries a certain epic, larger-than-life weight compared to more bureaucratic modern terms like सेनाध्यक्ष (senaadhyaksh).
Common Mistakes: 1) Learners sometimes treat सेनापति (senaapti) as a modern military rank equivalent to 'general' in an army hierarchy chart; in practice it is used more broadly for 'the one who commands the army/troops,' especially in historical, mythological, or narrative contexts (epics, history lessons, news about ancient/medieval battles) rather than as a precise contemporary rank title.
Sample Sentences:
भीष्म कौरव सेना के सेनापति थे। Bhishma was the commander-in-chief of the Kaurava army.
(bhiishm kaurav senaa ke senaapti the।)
Register: Literary -- Mood: Indicative -- Tense: Past -- Voice: Active
राजा ने अपने सबसे बहादुर योद्धा को सेनापति नियुक्त किया। The king appointed his bravest warrior as commander-in-chief.
(raajaa ne apne sabse bahaadur yoddhaa ko senaapti niyukt kiyaa।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Perfective -- Tense: Past -- Voice: Active
सेनापति ने सैनिकों को युद्ध के लिए तैयार होने का आदेश दिया। The commander ordered the soldiers to prepare for battle.
(senaapti ne sainikon ko yuddh ke lie taiyaar hone kaa aadesh diyaa।)
Register: Literary -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Perfective -- Tense: Past -- Voice: Active
यदि द्रोणाचार्य सेनापति न होते, तो युद्ध का परिणाम कुछ और होता। If Dronacharya had not been the commander, the outcome of the war would have been different.
(yadi dronaachaary senaapti n hote, to yuddh kaa parinaam kuchh aur hotaa।)
Register: Literary -- Mood: Counterfactual -- Aspect: Habitual -- Voice: Active
सेनापति! अपनी सेना को आगे बढ़ने का संकेत दें। Commander! Give the signal for your army to advance.
(senaapti! apnii senaa ko aage badhne kaa sanket den।)
Register: Literary -- Mood: Imperative -- Voice: Active
सेनापति की मृत्यु के बाद सेना में अफरा-तफरी मच गई। After the commander's death, chaos broke out in the army.
(senaapti kii mrityu ke baad senaa men aphraa-taphrii mach gaii।)
Register: Literary -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Perfective -- Tense: Past -- Voice: Active
एक अच्छा सेनापति हमेशा अपने सैनिकों की सुरक्षा को प्राथमिकता देता है। A good commander always prioritizes the safety of his soldiers.
(ek achchhaa senaapti hameshaa apne sainikon kii surakshaa ko praathmiktaa detaa hai।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Habitual -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Active
नए सेनापति को शत्रु सेना पर हमला करने की योजना बनानी चाहिए। The new commander should devise a plan to attack the enemy army.
(nae senaapti ko shatru senaa par hamlaa karne kii yojnaa banaanii chaahie।)
Register: Formal -- Mood: Subjunctive -- Voice: Active
सेनापति द्वारा दिए गए आदेश का पालन प्रत्येक सैनिक करता था। Every soldier used to follow the orders given by the commander.
(senaapti dvaaraa die gae aadesh kaa paalan pratyek sainik kartaa thaa।)
Register: Literary -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Habitual -- Tense: Past -- Voice: Passive
जब सेनापति रणभूमि में उतरा, तो सारी सेना का उत्साह बढ़ गया। When the commander descended onto the battlefield, the whole army's morale rose.
(jab senaapti ranbhoomi men utraa, to saarii senaa kaa utsaah badh gayaa।)
Register: Literary -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Perfective -- Tense: Past -- Voice: Active
Sense 2 : leader or chief of any group (figurative)
noun, masculine Used metaphorically for anyone leading a team or group, borrowing the imagery of a general leading troops -- often half-joking, e.g. calling the head of a household chore squad or a sports team captain सेनापति (senaapti).
Synonyms: नेता (netaa), मुखिया (mukhiyaa), सरदार (sardaar)
Frequency: low
Cultural Note: You will hear this used playfully -- a mother might call her eldest child the सेनापति (senaapti) of the younger siblings when sending them off on an errand, borrowing the grandeur of the battlefield for everyday bossiness.
Sample Sentences:
बच्चों का सेनापति कौन है? Who's the leader of the kids?
(bachchon kaa senaapti kaun hai?)
Register: Casual -- Mood: Indicative -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Active
मोहल्ले के बच्चों ने राहुल को अपना सेनापति बना लिया है। The neighborhood kids have made Rahul their leader.
(mohalle ke bachchon ne raahul ko apnaa senaapti banaa liyaa hai।)
Register: Casual -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Perfective -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Active
माँ ने बड़े बेटे को छोटों का सेनापति बनाकर बाज़ार भेज दिया। Mom made the eldest son the boss of the little ones and sent them off to the market.
(maan ne bade bete ko chhoton kaa senaapti banaakar baazaar bhej diyaa।)
Register: Casual -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Perfective -- Tense: Past -- Voice: Active
इस टीम का सेनापति बनना कोई आसान काम नहीं है। Becoming the head of this team is no easy task.
(is tiim kaa senaapti bannaa koii aasaan kaam nahiin hai।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Habitual -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Active
अगर तुम इस प्रोजेक्ट के सेनापति बनते, तो सब कुछ वक़्त पर हो जाता। If you had become the head of this project, everything would have gotten done on time.
(agar tum is projekt ke senaapti bante, to sab kuchh vaqt par ho jaataa।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Counterfactual -- Aspect: Habitual -- Voice: Active
दफ़्तर में सब उसे मज़ाक में सेनापति बुलाते हैं क्योंकि वह हर काम में आदेश देता रहता है। Everyone at the office jokingly calls him the chief because he keeps giving orders about everything.
(daftar men sab use mazaak men senaapti bulaate hain kyonki vah har kaam men aadesh detaa rahtaa hai।)
Register: Casual -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Habitual -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Active
रसोई की सेनापति तो दादी ही हैं, उनके बिना कुछ नहीं बनता। Grandma is the boss of the kitchen -- nothing gets cooked without her.
(rasoii kii senaapti to daadii hii hain, unke binaa kuchh nahiin bantaa।)
Register: Casual -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Habitual -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Active
क्या तुम इस टोली के सेनापति बनना चाहोगे? Would you like to become the leader of this group?
(kyaa tum is tolii ke senaapti bannaa chaahoge?)
Register: Casual -- Mood: Subjunctive -- Tense: Future -- Voice: Active
जब तक कोई सेनापति न चुना जाए, काम शुरू नहीं होगा। Until some leader is chosen, the work won't begin.
(jab tak koii senaapti n chunaa jaae, kaam shuroo nahiin hogaa।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Subjunctive -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Passive
बनो तुम इस मुहिम के सेनापति और सबको साथ लेकर चलो। Be the leader of this campaign and take everyone along with you.
(bano tum is muhim ke senaapti aur sabko saath lekar chalo।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Imperative -- Voice: Active
Morphology
Noun
(sg.m.direct): सेनापति (senaapti)
(sg.m.oblique): सेनापति (senaapti)
(pl.m.direct): सेनापति (senaapti)
(pl.m.oblique): सेनापतिों ([[सेनापतिों]])