त्याग (tyaag)

noun A weighty, somewhat formal noun built on the verb त्यागना (tyaagnaa, to renounce/abandon); it covers both the concrete act of giving something up and the abstract virtue of selfless renunciation or sacrifice.
Sense 1 : sacrifice, selfless renunciation (as a virtue)
noun, masculine
Synonyms: बलिदान (balidaan), कुर्बानी (kurbaanii), संन्यास (sannyaas, specifically renouncing worldly life)
Frequency: medium
Cultural Note: This is the word invoked when Indian parents talk about how much they 'gave up' for their children, or when describing a mother's or a freedom fighter's spirit -- it carries a moral weight that English 'sacrifice' only partly captures. It shares its root with त्यागना (tyaagnaa, 'to abandon/renounce'), and you will often see it paired with तपस्या (tapasyaa, austerity/penance) in devotional or nationalist rhetoric.
Common Mistakes: 1) Learners often reach for बलिदान (balidaan) as a blanket synonym, but त्याग (tyaag) leans toward giving something up quietly and continuously (a habit, a comfort, a claim), while बलिदान (balidaan) suggests a dramatic, often one-time offering (like a life or a limb). 2) As a noun it needs a supporting verb like करना (karnaa) or often the compound त्याग करना (tyaag karnaa) -- it does not function as a verb on its own.
Sample Sentences:
माँ का त्याग शब्दों में बयान नहीं किया जा सकता। A mother's sacrifice cannot be described in words.
(maan kaa tyaag shabdon men bayaan nahiin kiyaa jaa saktaa।)
Register: Formal -- Mood: Indicative -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Passive
स्वतंत्रता सेनानियों के त्याग की वजह से आज हम आज़ाद हैं। Because of the sacrifice of the freedom fighters, we are free today.
(svatantrtaa senaaniyon ke tyaag kii vajah se aaj ham aazaad hain।)
Register: Formal -- Mood: Indicative -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Active
उसने अपने भाई-बहनों के लिए बहुत त्याग किया है। She has made a great sacrifice for her siblings.
(usne apne bhaaii-bahnon ke lie bahut tyaag kiyaa hai।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Perfective -- Tense: Past -- Voice: Active
पिताजी हमेशा कहते हैं कि उन्होंने हमारे लिए बहुत त्याग किया। Dad always says that he made a lot of sacrifices for us.
(pitaajii hameshaa kahte hain ki unhonne hamaare lie bahut tyaag kiyaa।)
Register: Casual -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Habitual -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Active
अगर तुम में त्याग की भावना नहीं है, तो यह काम मत करो। If you don't have a spirit of sacrifice, then don't do this work.
(agar tum men tyaag kii bhaavnaa nahiin hai, to yah kaam mat karo।)
Register: Casual -- Mood: Imperative -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Active
संतों का जीवन त्याग और तपस्या से भरा होता है। The life of saints is filled with sacrifice and penance.
(santon kaa jiivan tyaag aur tapasyaa se bharaa hotaa hai।)
Register: Devotional -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Habitual -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Active
काश, मैं भी अपने परिवार के लिए इतना त्याग कर पाता। I wish I too could have made such a sacrifice for my family.
(kaash, main bhii apne parivaar ke lie itnaa tyaag kar paataa।)
Register: Literary -- Mood: Counterfactual -- Aspect: Habitual -- Voice: Active
यदि उसने वह त्याग न किया होता, तो आज हम यहाँ न होते। If he had not made that sacrifice, we would not be here today.
(yadi usne vah tyaag n kiyaa hotaa, to aaj ham yahaan n hote।)
Register: Literary -- Mood: Counterfactual -- Aspect: Perfective -- Voice: Active
देश के लिए त्याग करना हर नागरिक का कर्तव्य समझा जाता है। Making sacrifices for the nation is considered every citizen's duty.
(desh ke lie tyaag karnaa har naagrik kaa kartavy samjhaa jaataa hai।)
Register: Formal -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Habitual -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Passive
गुरु ने शिष्यों को त्याग का महत्व समझाया। The guru explained to his disciples the importance of sacrifice.
(guru ne shishyon ko tyaag kaa mahatv samjhaayaa।)
Register: Devotional -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Perfective -- Tense: Past -- Voice: Active
Sense 2 : the act of giving up, abandoning, or relinquishing (something concrete)
noun, masculine Takes an object via की (kii) genitive construction: [thing]-का त्याग (kaa tyaag, 'renunciation of [thing]'), as in नौकरी का त्याग (naukrii kaa tyaag, 'giving up the job').
Synonyms: परित्याग (parityaag, more formal/literary), छोड़ना (chhodnaa, the everyday verb equivalent, not a noun synonym in the strict sense)
Frequency: medium
Cultural Note: You will meet this sense in formal or written contexts -- resignation letters, political speeches, news reports -- e.g. पद का त्याग (pad kaa tyaag, 'renunciation/resignation of a post'). It is the noun form standing behind everyday छोड़ना (chhodnaa), much as 'renunciation' stands behind 'to give up' in English.
Common Mistakes: 1) Learners sometimes use त्याग (tyaag) where a simple verb like छोड़ना (chhodnaa) would sound far more natural in casual speech -- त्याग (tyaag) is bookish/formal, so 'त्याग करना' (tyaag karnaa) in everyday talk about quitting smoking or a job can sound stiff compared to just छोड़ देना (chhod denaa).
Sample Sentences:
उन्होंने पद का त्याग कर दिया। He resigned from his post.
(unhonne pad kaa tyaag kar diyaa।)
Register: Formal -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Perfective -- Tense: Past -- Voice: Active
मंत्री ने अपने पद का त्याग करने की घोषणा की। The minister announced the resignation of his post.
(mantrii ne apne pad kaa tyaag karne kii ghoshnaa kii।)
Register: Formal -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Perfective -- Tense: Past -- Voice: Active
क्या वह सच में अपनी संपत्ति का त्याग करेगा? Will he really give up his property?
(kyaa vah sach men apnii sampatti kaa tyaag karegaa?)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Indicative -- Tense: Future -- Voice: Active
नागरिकता का त्याग करने से पहले सारे कागज़ात जमा करने होंगे। Before renouncing citizenship, all the documents will have to be submitted.
(naagriktaa kaa tyaag karne se pahle saare kaagzaat jamaa karne honge।)
Register: Formal -- Mood: Indicative -- Tense: Future -- Voice: Active
अगर उन्हें भ्रष्टाचार का प्रमाण मिलता तो वे पद का त्याग कर देते। If he had found proof of corruption, he would have resigned from his post.
(agar unhen bhrashtaachaar kaa pramaan miltaa to ve pad kaa tyaag kar dete।)
Register: Formal -- Mood: Counterfactual -- Aspect: Habitual -- Voice: Active
इस पद का त्याग करना उनके लिए आसान नहीं था। Giving up this post was not easy for him.
(is pad kaa tyaag karnaa unke lie aasaan nahiin thaa।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Indicative -- Tense: Past -- Voice: Active
राष्ट्रपति के त्याग-पत्र में इस्तीफे का कारण नहीं बताया गया। The reason for the resignation was not stated in the president's resignation letter.
(raashtrapti ke tyaag-patr men istiiphe kaa kaaran nahiin bataayaa gayaa।)
Register: Formal -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Perfective -- Tense: Past -- Voice: Passive
कृपया अपने पद का त्याग करने का औपचारिक पत्र सचिवालय को भेजें। Please send a formal letter of resignation from your post to the secretariat.
(kripyaa apne pad kaa tyaag karne kaa aupchaarik patr sachivaalay ko bhejen।)
Register: Formal -- Mood: Imperative -- Voice: Active
उसने अपनी नागरिकता का त्याग कर दिया है और अब विदेश में रहता है। He has renounced his citizenship and now lives abroad.
(usne apnii naagriktaa kaa tyaag kar diyaa hai aur ab videsh men rahtaa hai।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Perfective -- Tense: Past -- Voice: Active
कंपनी के निर्देशक पद का त्याग किए जाने की खबर अखबारों में छाई रही। The news of the resignation from the company's director post remained prominent in the newspapers.
(kampnii ke nirdeshak pad kaa tyaag kie jaane kii khabar akhbaaron men chhaaii rahii।)
Register: Formal -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Continuous -- Tense: Past -- Voice: Passive
Morphology
Noun
(sg.m.direct): त्याग (tyaag)
(sg.m.oblique): त्याग (tyaag)
(pl.m.direct): त्याग (tyaag)
(pl.m.oblique): त्यागों (tyaagon)