दाल (daal)

noun The everyday word for lentils/pulses, both as the raw ingredient and the cooked dish; also lives inside a very common idiom about something not working out.
Sense 1 : cooked lentil dish/curry
noun, feminine
Frequency: high
Cultural Note: दाल-चावल (daal-chaaval, 'dal-rice') or दाल-रोटी (daal-rotii, 'dal-roti') is the daily comfort meal in most North Indian homes -- when someone says घर की दाल (ghar kii daal, 'home-style dal'), they mean something simple, familiar, and nourishing rather than restaurant food.
Sample Sentences:
माँ ने आज अरहर की दाल बनाई है। Mom has made arhar dal today.
(maan ne aaj arahar kii daal banaaii hai।)
Register: Casual -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Perfective -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Active
हम रोज़ रात को दाल-चावल खाते हैं। We eat dal-rice every night.
(ham roz raat ko daal-chaaval khaate hain।)
Register: Casual -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Habitual -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Active
क्या तुम दाल में थोड़ा और नमक डालोगी? Will you add a little more salt to the dal?
(kyaa tum daal men thodaa aur namak daalogii?)
Register: Casual -- Mood: Indicative -- Tense: Future -- Voice: Active
दाल को धीमी आग पर पकने दो। Let the dal cook on a low flame.
(daal ko dhiimii aag par pakne do।)
Register: Casual -- Mood: Imperative -- Voice: Active
अगर वक़्त होता तो मैं आज दाल-रोटी बनाता। If I had time, I would have made dal-roti today.
(agar vaqt hotaa to main aaj daal-rotii banaataa।)
Register: Casual -- Mood: Counterfactual -- Aspect: Habitual -- Voice: Active
बाहर के खाने से मन भर गया, अब तो घर की दाल ही अच्छी लगती है। I'm tired of outside food; now only home-style dal feels good.
(baahar ke khaane se man bhar gayaa, ab to ghar kii daal hii achchhii lagtii hai।)
Register: Casual -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Habitual -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Active
रेस्टोरेंट में दाल तड़के के साथ परोसी गई। The dal was served with tadka at the restaurant.
(restorent men daal tadke ke saath parosii gaii।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Perfective -- Tense: Past -- Voice: Passive
शायद दाल में हल्दी थोड़ी कम हो। Perhaps there's a bit less turmeric in the dal.
(shaayad daal men haldii thodii kam ho।)
Register: Casual -- Mood: Subjunctive -- Voice: Active
पापा हमेशा कहते हैं कि सादी दाल-रोटी से बेहतर कुछ नहीं। Dad always says nothing is better than simple dal-roti.
(paapaa hameshaa kahte hain ki saadii daal-rotii se behtar kuchh nahiin।)
Register: Casual -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Habitual -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Active
जब मैं बीमार था, तो दादी दाल का पानी छानकर लाती थीं। When I was sick, grandmother used to strain and bring dal broth.
(jab main biimaar thaa, to daadii daal kaa paanii chhaankar laatii thiin।)
Register: Casual -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Habitual -- Tense: Past -- Voice: Active
कृपया मुझे थोड़ी दाल और दे दीजिए। Please give me a little more dal.
(kripyaa mujhe thodii daal aur de diijie।)
Register: Formal -- Mood: Imperative -- Voice: Active
Sense 2 : lentils, pulses (raw)
noun, feminine
Frequency: high
Cultural Note: Walk into any Indian grocery and you will see bins of दाल (daal) sorted by type -- मूंग (moong), मसूर (masoor), चना (chanaa), तूर (toor) -- each with its own name, but 'दाल' (daal) alone is the umbrella term for all of them in their dry, uncooked state.
Common Mistakes: 1) Learners often treat दाल (daal) as a mass noun only in the plural English sense ('lentils'); in Hindi it behaves as a normal singular feminine noun -- दाल अच्छी है (daal achchhii hai, 'the lentils/dal is good'), not दालें अच्छी हैं (daalen achchhii hain) unless you specifically mean multiple varieties.
Sample Sentences:
बाज़ार से एक किलो दाल ले आना। Bring a kilo of lentils from the market.
(baazaar se ek kilo daal le aanaa।)
Register: Casual -- Mood: Imperative -- Voice: Active
इस डिब्बे में मूंग की दाल रखी है। Mung lentils are kept in this container.
(is dibbe men moong kii daal rakhii hai।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Perfective -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Active
पकाने से पहले दाल को अच्छी तरह धो लो। Wash the lentils well before cooking them.
(pakaane se pahle daal ko achchhii tarah dho lo।)
Register: Casual -- Mood: Imperative -- Voice: Active
मेरी माँ हर महीने अलग-अलग तरह की दाल खरीदती हैं। My mother buys different kinds of lentils every month.
(merii maan har mahiine alag-alag tarah kii daal khariidtii hain।)
Register: Casual -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Habitual -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Active
दुकानदार ने कहा कि चने की दाल आज खत्म हो गई है। The shopkeeper said that the chana lentils have run out today.
(dukaandaar ne kahaa ki chane kii daal aaj khatm ho gaii hai।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Perfective -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Active
सर्दियों में तूर की दाल की माँग बढ़ जाती है। The demand for toor lentils increases in winter.
(sardiyon men toor kii daal kii maang badh jaatii hai।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Habitual -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Active
अगर दाल गीली हो जाए तो जल्दी खराब हो सकती है। If the lentils get damp, they can spoil quickly.
(agar daal giilii ho jaae to jaldii kharaab ho saktii hai।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Subjunctive -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Active
किराने की दुकान में हर तरह की दाल एक ही जगह मिल जाती है। Every kind of lentil is found in one place at the grocery store.
(kiraane kii dukaan men har tarah kii daal ek hii jagah mil jaatii hai।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Habitual -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Passive
बरसात में दाल को नमी से बचाकर रखना चाहिए। One should keep lentils protected from moisture during the rains.
(barsaat men daal ko namii se bachaakar rakhnaa chaahie।)
Register: Formal -- Mood: Subjunctive -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Active
थोक बाज़ार में दाल के भाव इस हफ्ते बढ़े हैं। Lentil prices have gone up this week in the wholesale market.
(thok baazaar men daal ke bhaav is haphte badhe hain।)
Register: Formal -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Perfective -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Active
काश हमारे यहाँ मसूर की दाल भी उगाई जा सकती। If only masoor lentils could be grown here too.
(kaash hamaare yahaan masoor kii daal bhii ugaaii jaa saktii।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Counterfactual -- Aspect: Habitual -- Voice: Passive
Sense 3 : idiom: something not working out / a scheme failing to gain traction
noun, feminine Occurs almost exclusively inside the fixed idiom दाल न गलना (daal n galnaa, 'for the dal to not cook/soften' = for a plan to fail to come together) and its negative counterpart दाल गलना (daal galnaa, for something to actually work out).
Frequency: medium
Cultural Note: यहाँ आपकी दाल नहीं गलेगी (yahaan aapkii daal nahiin galegii, 'your dal won't cook here') is a classic put-down meaning 'your tricks won't work here' -- the image is of lentils that stubbornly refuse to soften no matter how long they simmer, a perfect metaphor for a scheme that just will not come together.
Common Mistakes: 1) This sense only surfaces inside the set phrase दाल नहीं गलना/गलेगी (daal nahiin galnaa/galegii) -- learners sometimes try to use दाल (daal) alone to mean 'plan' or 'scheme,' which does not work; the idiom must stay intact.
Sample Sentences:
यहाँ तुम्हारी दाल नहीं गलेगी। Your tricks won't work here.
(yahaan tumhaarii daal nahiin galegii।)
Register: Casual -- Mood: Indicative -- Tense: Future -- Voice: Active
उसने बहुत कोशिश की, पर उसकी दाल नहीं गली। He tried a lot, but his scheme just didn't work out.
(usne bahut koshish kii, par uskii daal nahiin galii।)
Register: Casual -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Perfective -- Tense: Past -- Voice: Active
इस दफ़्तर में झूठ बोलकर किसी की दाल नहीं गलती। In this office, nobody gets away with lying -- it just doesn't fly.
(is daftar men jhooth bolkar kisii kii daal nahiin galtii।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Habitual -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Active
अगर वह इतना बेईमान न होता, तो शायद उसकी दाल गल जाती। If he hadn't been so dishonest, his plan might actually have worked.
(agar vah itnaa beiimaan n hotaa, to shaayad uskii daal gal jaatii।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Counterfactual -- Aspect: Perfective -- Voice: Active
देख लेना, यहाँ उसकी दाल नहीं गलने वाली। Mark my words, his scheme is not going to work out here.
(dekh lenaa, yahaan uskii daal nahiin galne vaalii।)
Register: Casual -- Mood: Indicative -- Tense: Future -- Voice: Active
क्या तुम्हें लगता है कि यहाँ तुम्हारी दाल गल जाएगी? Do you really think your tricks are going to work here?
(kyaa tumhen lagtaa hai ki yahaan tumhaarii daal gal jaaegii?)
Register: Casual -- Mood: Indicative -- Tense: Future -- Voice: Active
सावधान रहना, इस बाज़ार में हर किसी की दाल नहीं गलती। Be careful, not everyone's schemes work out in this market.
(saavdhaan rahnaa, is baazaar men har kisii kii daal nahiin galtii।)
Register: Casual -- Mood: Imperative -- Voice: Active
नए मैनेजर के सामने पुरानी चालबाज़ी की दाल नहीं गलेगी। The old tricks won't work in front of the new manager.
(nae mainejar ke saamne puraanii chaalbaazii kii daal nahiin galegii।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Indicative -- Tense: Future -- Voice: Active
मुझे शक है कि इस योजना में उनकी दाल गलेगी भी या नहीं। I doubt whether their scheme is even going to work in this plan.
(mujhe shak hai ki is yojnaa men unkii daal galegii bhii yaa nahiin।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Subjunctive -- Tense: Future -- Voice: Active
Morphology
Noun
(sg.f.direct): दाल (daal)
(sg.f.oblique): दाल (daal)
(pl.f.direct): दालें (daalen)
(pl.f.oblique): दालों (daalon)