लाठी (laathii)

noun A stout stick or staff -- from the plain wooden walking-stick of an elder to the police baton -- with a strong extended sense in the idiom of power and control.
Sense 1 : stick, staff, cane
noun, feminine
Synonyms: डंडा (dandaa), सोंटा (sontaa, rare)
Frequency: high
Cultural Note: Picture an old villager walking with a लाठी (laathii) for support, or a policeman carrying one on patrol -- both images are deeply familiar in Indian daily life. The word also anchors the well-known phrase लाठी चलाना (laathii chalaanaa, 'to wield the stick'), used for police action against crowds.
Common Mistakes: 1) Learners sometimes confuse लाठी (laathii) with डंडा (dandaa) as fully interchangeable -- लाठी (laathii) specifically suggests a long, sturdy staff (used for walking, herding, or as a weapon), while डंडा (dandaa) is the more general word for any stick or rod.
Sample Sentences:
बूढ़े आदमी के हाथ में एक मोटी लाठी थी। The old man had a thick stick in his hand.
(boodhe aadmii ke haath men ek motii laathii thii।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Indicative -- Tense: Past -- Voice: Active
दादाजी लाठी के सहारे चलते हैं। Grandfather walks with the support of a stick.
(daadaajii laathii ke sahaare chalte hain।)
Register: Casual -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Habitual -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Active
पुलिसवाला अपनी लाठी लेकर गश्त लगा रहा था। The policeman was patrolling with his stick.
(pulisvaalaa apnii laathii lekar gasht lagaa rahaa thaa।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Continuous -- Tense: Past -- Voice: Active
भीड़ को तितर-बितर करने के लिए पुलिस ने लाठी चलाई। The police wielded their sticks to disperse the crowd.
(bhiid ko titar-bitar karne ke lie pulis ne laathii chalaaii।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Perfective -- Tense: Past -- Voice: Active
अगर वे शांत नहीं हुए तो पुलिस लाठी चलाएगी। If they don't calm down, the police will wield their sticks.
(agar ve shaant nahiin hue to pulis laathii chalaaegii।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Indicative -- Tense: Future -- Voice: Active
बाजार जाते समय अपनी लाठी साथ ले जाना, रास्ता ऊबड़-खाबड़ है। Take your stick along when you go to the market, the path is bumpy.
(baajaar jaate samay apnii laathii saath le jaanaa, raastaa oobad-khaabad hai।)
Register: Casual -- Mood: Imperative -- Voice: Active
अगर मेरे पास लाठी होती तो मैं कुत्ते को भगा देता। If I had a stick, I would have chased the dog away.
(agar mere paas laathii hotii to main kutte ko bhagaa detaa।)
Register: Casual -- Mood: Counterfactual -- Aspect: Habitual -- Voice: Active
मैं चाहता हूँ कि तुम बाहर निकलते समय लाठी ज़रूर रखो, कुत्ते बहुत हैं गली में। I want you to definitely keep a stick when you go out, there are a lot of dogs in the lane.
(main chaahtaa hoon ki tum baahar nikalte samay laathii zaroor rakho, kutte bahut hain galii men।)
Register: Casual -- Mood: Subjunctive -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Active
लाठी को हल्के लकड़ी से बनाया जाता है ताकि उसे उठाना आसान हो। The stick is made from light wood so that it is easy to carry.
(laathii ko halke lakdii se banaayaa jaataa hai taaki use uthaanaa aasaan ho।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Habitual -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Passive
यह लाठी मेरे परदादा की है, बहुत पुरानी है। This stick belongs to my great-grandfather, it is very old.
(yah laathii mere pardaadaa kii hai, bahut puraanii hai।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Indicative -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Active
प्रदर्शनकारियों पर लाठी चलाई गई, जिससे कई लोग घायल हो गए। Sticks were wielded against the protesters, injuring many people.
(pradarshankaariyon par laathii chalaaii gaii, jisse kaii log ghaayal ho gae।)
Register: Formal -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Perfective -- Tense: Past -- Voice: Passive
Sense 2 : authority, force, coercive power (figurative)
noun, feminine This figurative sense lives almost entirely inside set phrases and proverbs rather than as a standalone noun use.
Synonyms: ताकत (taakat, different word, broader sense of 'force'), डंडे का ज़ोर (dande kaa zor, related idiom)
Frequency: medium
Cultural Note: The proverb जिसकी लाठी उसकी भैंस (jiskii laathii uskii bhains, 'whoever holds the stick owns the buffalo') is a classic bit of Hindi folk wisdom about might making right, and it's the main place this figurative sense of लाठी (laathii) as 'coercive power' comes alive.
Common Mistakes: 1) This sense is rarely used alone -- learners should expect it embedded in fixed expressions like जिसकी लाठी उसकी भैंस (jiskii laathii uskii bhains, 'whoever holds the stick owns the buffalo' -- might is right) rather than as a free-standing word meaning 'power'.
Sample Sentences:
जिसकी लाठी उसकी भैंस, यही तो इस दुनिया का असली नियम है। Whoever holds the stick owns the buffalo -- that's the real rule of this world.
(jiskii laathii uskii bhains, yahii to is duniyaa kaa aslii niyam hai।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Habitual -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Active
यहाँ तो जिसकी लाठी उसकी भैंस वाला हिसाब चलता है, कानून कोई नहीं देखता। Around here it's a case of might makes right; nobody bothers with the law.
(yahaan to jiskii laathii uskii bhains vaalaa hisaab chaltaa hai, kaanoon koii nahiin dekhtaa।)
Register: Casual -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Habitual -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Active
गाँव में जिसकी लाठी चलती है, उसी की बात सुनी जाती है। In the village, whoever's power holds sway is the one who gets heard.
(gaanv men jiskii laathii chaltii hai, usii kii baat sunii jaatii hai।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Habitual -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Passive
अगर उसके पास लाठी न होती, तो कोई उसकी बात न मानता। If he didn't have the power behind him, no one would have listened to him.
(agar uske paas laathii n hotii, to koii uskii baat n maantaa।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Counterfactual -- Aspect: Habitual -- Voice: Active
पुलिस की लाठी के आगे किसी की भी हिम्मत नहीं टिकती। In the face of the police's power, no one's courage holds up.
(pulis kii laathii ke aage kisii kii bhii himmat nahiin tiktii।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Habitual -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Active
सत्ता की लाठी जिसके हाथ में होती है, इतिहास भी उसी के मुताबिक लिखा जाता है। Whoever wields the power of the state, history too gets written according to them.
(sattaa kii laathii jiske haath men hotii hai, itihaas bhii usii ke mutaabik likhaa jaataa hai।)
Register: Literary -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Habitual -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Passive
उन दिनों जिसके पास ज़मीन और लाठी दोनों थी, वही असली मालिक कहलाता था। In those days, whoever had both land and power was called the true master.
(un dinon jiske paas zamiin aur laathii donon thii, vahii aslii maalik kahlaataa thaa।)
Register: Literary -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Habitual -- Tense: Past -- Voice: Passive
मत भूलो, आज जो लाठी तुम्हारे हाथ में है, कल किसी और के हाथ में हो सकती है। Don't forget, the power you hold today could be in someone else's hands tomorrow.
(mat bhoolo, aaj jo laathii tumhaare haath men hai, kal kisii aur ke haath men ho saktii hai।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Imperative -- Voice: Active
क्या यह ठीक है कि सिर्फ लाठी के दम पर फैसले किए जाएँ? Is it right that decisions get made purely on the strength of raw power?
(kyaa yah thiik hai ki sirph laathii ke dam par phaisle kie jaaen?)
Register: Formal -- Mood: Subjunctive -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Passive
Morphology
Noun
(sg.f.direct): लाठी (laathii)
(sg.f.oblique): लाठी (laathii)
(pl.f.direct): लाठियाँ (laathiyaan)
(pl.f.oblique): लाठियों (laathiyon)