क़र्ज़ (qarz)

noun A common everyday noun meaning 'debt' or 'loan' -- both the financial sense and the extended sense of a moral obligation or favor owed.
Sense 1 : financial debt/loan
noun, masculine
Synonyms: उधार (udhaar), ऋण (rin, formal)
Frequency: high
Cultural Note: You will hear क़र्ज़ (qarz) constantly in conversations about weddings, farming, and family finances in North India -- taking on क़र्ज़ (qarz) for a daughter's wedding is a very real and often-discussed social pressure. Note the nuqta under the र -- it comes from Persian/Urdu, and dropping the nuqta (करज) would look like a spelling mistake to most readers, though it doesn't change the pronunciation much in casual speech.
Common Mistakes: 1) Learners often use उधार (udhaar) and क़र्ज़ (qarz) interchangeably, but क़र्ज़ (qarz) leans toward a more formal or larger sum (a bank loan, a family debt), while उधार (udhaar) fits everyday small borrowing, like from a shopkeeper. 2) The common verb pairing is क़र्ज़ लेना (qarz lenaa, to take a loan) and क़र्ज़ चुकाना (qarz chukaanaa, to repay a loan) -- learners sometimes reach for देना (denaa) alone where चुकाना (chukaanaa) is the natural collocation for repayment.
Sample Sentences:
उसने बैंक से पाँच लाख का क़र्ज़ लिया। He took a loan of five lakh rupees from the bank.
(usne baink se paanch laakh kaa qarz liyaa।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Perfective -- Tense: Past -- Voice: Active
हमारे सिर पर बहुत क़र्ज़ है। We are burdened with a lot of debt.
(hamaare sir par bahut qarz hai।)
Register: Casual -- Mood: Indicative -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Active
बेटी की शादी के लिए उसके पिता को क़र्ज़ लेना पड़ा। For his daughter's wedding, her father had to take out a loan.
(betii kii shaadii ke lie uske pitaa ko qarz lenaa padaa।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Perfective -- Tense: Past -- Voice: Active
किसान हर साल नया क़र्ज़ लेकर पुराना चुकाता है। The farmer takes a new loan every year to pay off the old one.
(kisaan har saal nayaa qarz lekar puraanaa chukaataa hai।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Habitual -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Active
कृपया अपना क़र्ज़ जल्दी चुका दीजिए। Please pay off your loan soon.
(kripyaa apnaa qarz jaldii chukaa diijie।)
Register: Formal -- Mood: Imperative -- Voice: Active
अगर उसने क़र्ज़ न लिया होता तो आज इतनी परेशानी न होती। If he hadn't taken the loan, there wouldn't be so much trouble today.
(agar usne qarz n liyaa hotaa to aaj itnii pareshaanii n hotii।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Counterfactual -- Aspect: Perfective -- Voice: Active
क़र्ज़ की किश्तें हर महीने बैंक द्वारा काटी जाती हैं। The loan installments are deducted by the bank every month.
(qarz kii kishten har mahiine baink dvaaraa kaatii jaatii hain।)
Register: Formal -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Habitual -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Passive
उम्मीद है कि सरकार किसानों का क़र्ज़ माफ़ कर दे। It is hoped that the government will waive off the farmers' loans.
(ummiid hai ki sarkaar kisaanon kaa qarz maaf kar de।)
Register: Formal -- Mood: Subjunctive -- Voice: Active
वह क़र्ज़ में डूबा हुआ था और किसी से नज़र नहीं मिला पाता था। He was drowning in debt and couldn't look anyone in the eye.
(vah qarz men doobaa huaa thaa aur kisii se nazar nahiin milaa paataa thaa।)
Register: Literary -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Perfective -- Tense: Past -- Voice: Active
क्या तुम मुझे थोड़ा क़र्ज़ दे सकते हो? Can you lend me a little money?
(kyaa tum mujhe thodaa qarz de sakte ho?)
Register: Casual -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Habitual -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Active
जब तक क़र्ज़ पूरा नहीं चुकेगा, वह चैन से नहीं सो पाएगा। Until the debt is fully paid off, he won't be able to sleep peacefully.
(jab tak qarz pooraa nahiin chukegaa, vah chain se nahiin so paaegaa।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Indicative -- Tense: Future -- Voice: Active
Sense 2 : moral debt/obligation, something owed emotionally
noun, masculine
Synonyms: एहसान (ehsaan), अहसान (ahsaan, variant spelling)
Frequency: medium
Cultural Note: This is the sense behind the classic idea of 'माँ का क़र्ज़' (maan kaa qarz, 'a debt to one's mother') -- a very common trope in Hindi film dialogue and everyday speech about a child's lifelong gratitude and duty toward parents. It works exactly like English 'I owe you one,' but carries a heavier, almost sacred weight in Hindi.
Common Mistakes: 1) This figurative sense is often paired with होना (honaa) or रहना (rahnaa) rather than लेना (lenaa) -- e.g. आपका क़र्ज़ है (aapkaa qarz hai, 'I owe you') -- learners sometimes force the financial-borrowing verbs onto this emotional sense where they sound odd.
Sample Sentences:
माँ का क़र्ज़ ज़िंदगी में कभी नहीं चुकाया जा सकता। A mother's debt can never be repaid in a lifetime.
(maan kaa qarz zindgii men kabhii nahiin chukaayaa jaa saktaa।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Indicative -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Passive
मैं आपके एहसानों का क़र्ज़ हमेशा याद रखूँगा। I will always remember the debt of gratitude I owe you.
(main aapke ehsaanon kaa qarz hameshaa yaad rakhoongaa।)
Register: Formal -- Mood: Indicative -- Tense: Future -- Voice: Active
उस पर अपने गुरु का क़र्ज़ था, इसलिए वह हर मुश्किल में उनकी मदद करता था। He owed a debt of gratitude to his teacher, so he helped him through every difficulty.
(us par apne guru kaa qarz thaa, islie vah har mushkil men unkii madad kartaa thaa।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Habitual -- Tense: Past -- Voice: Active
अगर तुम मेरी बात मान लो, तो मैं तुम्हारा क़र्ज़दार रहूँगा। If you agree to this, I will be forever in your debt.
(agar tum merii baat maan lo, to main tumhaaraa qarzdaar rahoongaa।)
Register: Casual -- Mood: Subjunctive -- Tense: Future -- Voice: Active
बेटा हमेशा अपने माँ-बाप का क़र्ज़ महसूस करता है। A son always feels the debt he owes his parents.
(betaa hameshaa apne maan-baap kaa qarz mahsoos kartaa hai।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Habitual -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Active
अगर उस वक़्त तुमने मेरा साथ न दिया होता, तो आज मुझ पर यह क़र्ज़ न होता। If you hadn't supported me back then, I wouldn't owe you this debt today.
(agar us vaqt tumne meraa saath n diyaa hotaa, to aaj mujh par yah qarz n hotaa।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Counterfactual -- Aspect: Perfective -- Voice: Active
इस मेहरबानी का क़र्ज़ उतार पाना मुमकिन नहीं है। It is not possible to ever pay off the debt of this kindness.
(is meharbaanii kaa qarz utaar paanaa mumkin nahiin hai।)
Register: Formal -- Mood: Indicative -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Active
फिल्म के आखिर में हीरो कहता है, 'माँ का क़र्ज़ तो सिर्फ भगवान चुका सकता है।' At the end of the film, the hero says, 'Only God can repay the debt owed to a mother.'
(philm ke aakhir men hiiro kahtaa hai, 'maan kaa qarz to sirph bhagvaan chukaa saktaa hai।')
Register: Literary -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Habitual -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Active
उसने अपनी जान बचाकर मुझ पर एक बड़ा क़र्ज़ चढ़ा दिया। By saving my life, he put me deeply in his debt.
(usne apnii jaan bachaakar mujh par ek badaa qarz chadhaa diyaa।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Perfective -- Tense: Past -- Voice: Active
इस क़र्ज़ को कभी मत भूलना कि तुम्हारे दादाजी ने हमारे लिए क्या किया था। Never forget this debt of gratitude for what your grandfather did for us.
(is qarz ko kabhii mat bhoolnaa ki tumhaare daadaajii ne hamaare lie kyaa kiyaa thaa।)
Register: Formal -- Mood: Imperative -- Voice: Active
Morphology
Noun
(sg.m.direct): क़र्ज़ (qarz)
(sg.m.oblique): क़र्ज़ (qarz)
(pl.m.direct): क़र्ज़ (qarz)
(pl.m.oblique): क़र्ज़ों (qarzon)