ज़बरदस्ती (zabardastii)

adverb/noun Covers both the noun ('force, coercion') and the adverbial use ('forcibly, against one's will'); the two senses share the same form and are closely linked.
Sense 1 : forcibly, against someone's will
adverb
Synonyms: जबरन (jabran), बलपूर्वक (balpoorvak, formal)
Frequency: high
Cultural Note: This is the word every Delhi parent uses when nagging a kid to eat: ज़बरदस्ती खाना खिलाना (zabardastii khaanaa khilaanaa, 'to force-feed food') is a classic household scene. It carries a mild moral disapproval built in -- doing something ज़बरदस्ती (zabardastii) is rarely presented as a good thing, even when well-intentioned.
Common Mistakes: 1) Learners often insert a postposition after ज़बरदस्ती (zabardastii) as if it were a noun object, but in this sense it functions directly as an adverb before the verb: ज़बरदस्ती खिलाना (zabardastii khilaanaa, 'to force-feed'), not ज़बरदस्ती से खिलाना (zabardastii se khilaanaa) -- though the से (se) version is also heard and not wrong, just slightly more formal/noun-like. 2) Don't confuse with ज़रूरत (zaroorat, 'need') -- similar sound, unrelated meaning.
Sample Sentences:
माँ बच्चे को ज़बरदस्ती खाना खिलाती है। The mother force-feeds the child.
(maan bachche ko zabardastii khaanaa khilaatii hai।)
Register: Casual -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Habitual -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Active
उसने मुझे ज़बरदस्ती अपने साथ चलने पर मजबूर कर दिया। He forcibly made me go with him.
(usne mujhe zabardastii apne saath chalne par majboor kar diyaa।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Perfective -- Tense: Past -- Voice: Active
कोई किसी पर अपनी मर्ज़ी ज़बरदस्ती नहीं थोप सकता। No one can forcibly impose their will on someone else.
(koii kisii par apnii marzii zabardastii nahiin thop saktaa।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Habitual -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Active
उसकी ज़मीन ज़बरदस्ती छीन ली गई। His land was forcibly seized.
(uskii zamiin zabardastii chhiin lii gaii।)
Register: Formal -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Perfective -- Tense: Past -- Voice: Passive
मुझे ज़बरदस्ती मत करो, मैं खुद खा लूँगा। Don't force me, I'll eat on my own.
(mujhe zabardastii mat karo, main khud khaa loongaa।)
Register: Casual -- Mood: Imperative -- Voice: Active
अगर तुम ज़बरदस्ती करते तो मैं कभी हाँ नहीं कहती। If you had forced the issue, I would never have said yes.
(agar tum zabardastii karte to main kabhii haan nahiin kahtii।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Counterfactual -- Aspect: Habitual -- Voice: Active
दुकानदार ने ज़बरदस्ती सामान बेचने की कोशिश की। The shopkeeper tried to sell the goods forcibly.
(dukaandaar ne zabardastii saamaan bechne kii koshish kii।)
Register: Casual -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Perfective -- Tense: Past -- Voice: Active
बच्चों को ज़बरदस्ती पढ़ाई में मत झोंकिए, उन्हें दिलचस्पी पैदा करने दीजिए। Please don't shove children into studies by force, let them develop interest.
(bachchon ko zabardastii padhaaii men mat jhonkie, unhen dilchaspii paidaa karne diijie।)
Register: Formal -- Mood: Imperative -- Voice: Active
क्या सरकार किसी को ज़बरदस्ती टीका लगाने का हुक्म दे सकती है? Can the government order that someone be vaccinated by force?
(kyaa sarkaar kisii ko zabardastii tiikaa lagaane kaa hukm de saktii hai?)
Register: Formal -- Mood: Subjunctive -- Aspect: Habitual -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Active
प्रेम ज़बरदस्ती नहीं करवाया जा सकता, यह तो दिल से होता है। Love cannot be forced upon someone, it comes from the heart.
(prem zabardastii nahiin karvaayaa jaa saktaa, yah to dil se hotaa hai।)
Register: Literary -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Habitual -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Passive
पुलिस उसे ज़बरदस्ती थाने ले गई। The police forcibly took him to the police station.
(pulis use zabardastii thaane le gaii।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Perfective -- Tense: Past -- Voice: Active
Sense 2 : force, coercion, insistence
noun, feminine Takes करना (karnaa) as its light verb: ज़बरदस्ती करना (zabardastii karnaa, 'to insist/use force'), and takes पर (par) to mark the person pressured: किसी पर ज़बरदस्ती करना (kisii par zabardastii karnaa, 'to force someone').
Synonyms: जोर-ज़बरदस्ती (jor-zabardastii, compound intensifier), बलात्कार (balaatkaar, narrower/serious -- only for sexual assault, not general force), दबाव (dabaav, pressure, broader)
Frequency: high
Cultural Note: You will hear this constantly in everyday complaints -- a kid saying मुझ पर ज़बरदस्ती मत करो (mujh par zabardastii mat karo, 'don't force me') to a parent, or friends teasing each other about being made to do something. It is mild enough for domestic squabbles but can also scale up to describe real coercion in serious contexts.
Common Mistakes: 1) Learners sometimes reach for ताकत (taakat, 'strength/power') when they mean coercive pressure -- ताकत (taakat) is about physical or political strength, while ज़बरदस्ती (zabardastii) is specifically about imposing will on someone against their consent.
Sample Sentences:
मुझ पर ज़बरदस्ती मत करो। Don't force me.
(mujh par zabardastii mat karo।)
Register: Casual -- Mood: Imperative -- Voice: Active
वह हमेशा अपनी बात मनवाने के लिए ज़बरदस्ती करता है। He always uses force to get his way.
(vah hameshaa apnii baat manvaane ke lie zabardastii kartaa hai।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Habitual -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Active
माँ ने खाना खिलाने के लिए थोड़ी ज़बरदस्ती की। Mom used a bit of force to make me eat.
(maan ne khaanaa khilaane ke lie thodii zabardastii kii।)
Register: Casual -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Perfective -- Tense: Past -- Voice: Active
इस मामले में किसी तरह की ज़बरदस्ती नहीं की जानी चाहिए। No kind of coercion should be used in this matter.
(is maamle men kisii tarah kii zabardastii nahiin kii jaanii chaahie।)
Register: Formal -- Mood: Subjunctive -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Passive
अगर वह ज़बरदस्ती न करता तो मैं खुद ही मान जाता। If he hadn't used force, I would have agreed myself.
(agar vah zabardastii n kartaa to main khud hii maan jaataa।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Counterfactual -- Aspect: Habitual -- Voice: Active
पुलिस पर गवाही बदलवाने के लिए ज़बरदस्ती करने का आरोप है। The police are accused of using coercion to get the testimony changed.
(pulis par gavaahii badalvaane ke lie zabardastii karne kaa aarop hai।)
Register: Formal -- Mood: Indicative -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Active
यार, तुम मुझसे ज़बरदस्ती मत करवाओ, मैं वैसे ही तैयार हूँ। Dude, don't make it come to force, I'm already ready anyway.
(yaar, tum mujhse zabardastii mat karvaao, main vaise hii taiyaar hoon।)
Register: Casual -- Mood: Imperative -- Voice: Active
कर्मचारियों से ओवरटाइम के लिए ज़बरदस्ती करवाई जा रही थी। The employees were being coerced into working overtime.
(karmchaariyon se ovartaaim ke lie zabardastii karvaaii jaa rahii thii।)
Register: Formal -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Continuous -- Tense: Past -- Voice: Passive
काश वह हर बात में ज़बरदस्ती न करे। I wish he wouldn't insist forcefully on everything.
(kaash vah har baat men zabardastii n kare।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Subjunctive -- Voice: Active
बच्चों पर पढ़ाई को लेकर इतनी ज़बरदस्ती ठीक नहीं है। So much pressure on children about studies isn't right.
(bachchon par padhaaii ko lekar itnii zabardastii thiik nahiin hai।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Indicative -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Active
राजा ने प्रजा से भारी कर वसूलने के लिए ज़बरदस्ती का सहारा लिया। The king resorted to coercion to collect heavy taxes from the subjects.
(raajaa ne prajaa se bhaarii kar vasoolne ke lie zabardastii kaa sahaaraa liyaa।)
Register: Literary -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Perfective -- Tense: Past -- Voice: Active
Morphology
Noun
(sg.f.direct): ज़बरदस्ती (zabardastii)
(sg.f.oblique): ज़बरदस्ती (zabardastii)
(pl.f.direct): ज़बरदस्तियाँ (zabardastiyaan)
(pl.f.oblique): ज़बरदस्तियों (zabardastiyon)