नदी (nadii)

noun A single-sense everyday noun meaning 'river'.
Sense 1 : river
noun, feminine
Synonyms: सरिता (saritaa, literary), दरिया (dariyaa)
Frequency: high
Cultural Note: India's rivers -- गंगा (gangaa), यमुना (yamunaa), नर्मदा (narmdaa) -- are spoken of with real reverence, often personified as goddesses ('माँ गंगा', maan gangaa, 'Mother Ganga'). Even in ordinary speech, a river is rarely just geography; there's an emotional or devotional undertone lurking nearby.
Common Mistakes: 1) Learners sometimes assume feminine nouns ending in ई (ii) always take ियाँ in the plural without checking -- नदी (nadii) does follow this pattern (नदियाँ, nadiyaan), but it is worth confirming case by case since not all ई-ending nouns behave identically.
Sample Sentences:
यह नदी बहुत गहरी है। This river is very deep.
(yah nadii bahut gahrii hai।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Indicative -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Active
गंगा नदी हिमालय से निकलती है। The Ganga river originates from the Himalayas.
(gangaa nadii himaalay se nikaltii hai।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Habitual -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Active
हम शाम को नदी के किनारे बैठे थे। We were sitting by the riverbank in the evening.
(ham shaam ko nadii ke kinaare baithe the।)
Register: Casual -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Perfective -- Tense: Past -- Voice: Active
बाढ़ के बाद नदी का पानी बहुत बढ़ गया। After the flood, the river's water rose a lot.
(baadh ke baad nadii kaa paanii bahut badh gayaa।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Perfective -- Tense: Past -- Voice: Active
माँ गंगा की पूजा हर सुबह की जाती है। Mother Ganga is worshipped every morning.
(maan gangaa kii poojaa har subah kii jaatii hai।)
Register: Devotional -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Habitual -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Passive
काश हम नदी में नाव से यात्रा कर पाते। If only we could travel by boat on the river.
(kaash ham nadii men naav se yaatraa kar paate।)
Register: Casual -- Mood: Counterfactual -- Aspect: Habitual -- Voice: Active
अगर बारिश और होती, तो नदी उफान पर आ जाती। If it had rained more, the river would have swelled over.
(agar baarish aur hotii, to nadii uphaan par aa jaatii।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Counterfactual -- Aspect: Habitual -- Voice: Active
नदी के किनारे मत जाओ, पानी बहुत तेज़ बह रहा है। Don't go near the river, the water is flowing very fast.
(nadii ke kinaare mat jaao, paanii bahut tez bah rahaa hai।)
Register: Casual -- Mood: Imperative -- Voice: Active
नर्मदा नदी मध्य प्रदेश से होकर गुजरती है। The Narmada river passes through Madhya Pradesh.
(narmdaa nadii madhy pradesh se hokar gujartii hai।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Habitual -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Active
शायद यह नदी भारत की सबसे पवित्र नदियों में से एक हो। Perhaps this river is one of the most sacred rivers of India.
(shaayad yah nadii bhaarat kii sabse pavitr nadiyon men se ek ho।)
Register: Literary -- Mood: Subjunctive -- Voice: Active
यमुना नदी दिल्ली से गुजरते हुए बहुत प्रदूषित हो जाती है। The Yamuna river becomes very polluted as it passes through Delhi.
(yamunaa nadii dillii se gujarte hue bahut pradooshit ho jaatii hai।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Habitual -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Active
कहते हैं कि नदी में स्नान करने से पाप धुल जाते हैं। It is said that bathing in the river washes away one's sins.
(kahte hain ki nadii men snaan karne se paap dhul jaate hain।)
Register: Devotional -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Habitual -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Passive
Morphology
Noun
(sg.f.direct): नदी (nadii)
(sg.f.oblique): नदी (nadii)
(pl.f.direct): नदियाँ (nadiyaan)
(pl.f.oblique): नदियों (nadiyon)