चश्मा (chashmaa)
noun
A common everyday noun meaning 'spectacles/glasses'; it also has a secondary sense referring to a natural spring of water. Both senses come from the same Persian-origin word, whose core image is an 'eye' or 'aperture' through which something is seen or flows.
Sense
1
:
eyeglasses, spectacles
noun, masculine
Synonyms: ऐनक (ainak)
Frequency: high
Cultural Note: You'll hear चश्मा लगाना (chashmaa lagaanaa, 'to put on glasses') constantly in Delhi households, especially from parents nagging kids about eye strain from too much screen time. Sunglasses get their own compound, धूप का चश्मा (dhoop kaa chashmaa, 'sun glasses' -- literally 'glasses of sunlight'), rather than a separate root word.
Common Mistakes: 1) चश्मा (chashmaa) is grammatically singular in Hindi even though English 'glasses' is plural -- learners often mistakenly pluralize the verb or adjective agreement around it. 2) The verb used for 'wearing' glasses is लगाना (lagaanaa) or पहनना (pahannaa), not डालना (daalnaa), which would sound odd here.
Sample Sentences:
मुझे पढ़ने के लिए चश्मा लगाना पड़ता है।
I have to wear glasses to read.
(mujhe padhne ke lie chashmaa lagaanaa padtaa hai।)
अपना चश्मा लगाओ, टीवी बहुत पास से देख रहे हो।
Put on your glasses, you're watching TV from way too close.
(apnaa chashmaa lagaao, tiivii bahut paas se dekh rahe ho।)
मेरा चश्मा कहीं टूट गया है, मुझे कुछ साफ़ नहीं दिख रहा।
My glasses have broken somewhere, I can't see anything clearly.
(meraa chashmaa kahiin toot gayaa hai, mujhe kuchh saaf nahiin dikh rahaa।)
पापा हमेशा कहते हैं कि इतना फ़ोन चलाओगे तो चश्मा लग जाएगा।
Papa always says if you use your phone this much, you'll end up needing glasses.
(paapaa hameshaa kahte hain ki itnaa fon chalaaoge to chashmaa lag jaaegaa।)
बाहर धूप तेज़ है, धूप का चश्मा साथ ले लो।
It's really sunny outside, bring your sunglasses along.
(baahar dhoop tez hai, dhoop kaa chashmaa saath le lo।)
अगर मुझे चश्मा न लगाना पड़ता तो कितना अच्छा होता।
It would have been so nice if I didn't have to wear glasses.
(agar mujhe chashmaa n lagaanaa padtaa to kitnaa achchhaa hotaa।)
डॉक्टर ने मुझे नया चश्मा बनाने की सलाह दी है।
The doctor has advised me to get new glasses made.
(doktar ne mujhe nayaa chashmaa banaane kii salaah dii hai।)
क्या तुम्हें लगता है कि मुझे चश्मा लगाना चाहिए?
Do you think I should wear glasses?
(kyaa tumhen lagtaa hai ki mujhe chashmaa lagaanaa chaahie?)
उसका चश्मा हर जगह ढूँढ़ा गया, पर वह मेज़ के नीचे ही पड़ा था।
His glasses were searched for everywhere, but they were lying right under the table.
(uskaa chashmaa har jagah dhoondhaa gayaa, par vah mez ke niiche hii padaa thaa।)
दादी बिना चश्मे के अखबार का एक अक्षर भी नहीं पढ़ पातीं।
Grandma can't read even a single letter of the newspaper without her glasses.
(daadii binaa chashme ke akhbaar kaa ek akshar bhii nahiin padh paatiin।)
काश मुझे भी वैसा स्टाइलिश धूप का चश्मा मिल जाता।
I wish I could get sunglasses that stylish too.
(kaash mujhe bhii vaisaa staailish dhoop kaa chashmaa mil jaataa।)
Sense
2
:
natural spring (of water)
noun, masculine
Synonyms: स्रोत (srot, more general term for 'source')
Frequency: low
Cultural Note: This sense shows up mostly in descriptions of hill stations and pilgrimage spots -- for instance a गरम पानी का चश्मा (garam paanii kaa chashmaa, 'hot water spring') near a Himalayan town. The link to the 'glasses' sense is poetic: both are an 'eye' -- one through which you see, one through which water emerges from the earth.
Sample Sentences:
पहाड़ों में एक ठंडे पानी का चश्मा है।
There is a cold water spring in the mountains.
(pahaadon men ek thande paanii kaa chashmaa hai।)
उस मंदिर के पास एक गरम पानी का चश्मा है, जहाँ यात्री नहाते हैं।
Near that temple there is a hot water spring, where pilgrims bathe.
(us mandir ke paas ek garam paanii kaa chashmaa hai, jahaan yaatrii nahaate hain।)
हम पहाड़ी की चढ़ाई करते हुए एक प्राकृतिक चश्मे तक पहुँचे।
While climbing the hill, we reached a natural spring.
(ham pahaadii kii chadhaaii karte hue ek praakritik chashme tak pahunche।)
गाँव वाले उस चश्मे का पानी पीते थे, इससे पहले कि पाइपलाइन बनी।
The villagers used to drink water from that spring, before the pipeline was built.
(gaanv vaale us chashme kaa paanii piite the, isse pahle ki paaiplaain banii।)
अगर वह चश्मा सूख जाता, तो पूरा गाँव पानी के लिए तरस जाता।
If that spring dried up, the whole village would suffer for water.
(agar vah chashmaa sookh jaataa, to pooraa gaanv paanii ke lie taras jaataa।)
इस पहाड़ी क्षेत्र में कई गरम पानी के चश्मे पाए जाते हैं।
Many hot water springs are found in this hilly region.
(is pahaadii kshetr men kaii garam paanii ke chashme paae jaate hain।)
स्थानीय लोग मानते हैं कि इस चश्मे के पानी में औषधीय गुण हैं।
Local people believe that the water of this spring has medicinal properties.
(sthaaniiy log maante hain ki is chashme ke paanii men aushdhiiy gun hain।)
चट्टान से एक झरना और एक छोटा चश्मा दोनों निकल रहे थे।
Both a waterfall and a small spring were emerging from the rock.
(chattaan se ek jharnaa aur ek chhotaa chashmaa donon nikal rahe the।)
काश हमें रास्ते में कोई चश्मा मिल जाता, इतनी प्यास लगी है।
I wish we could find a spring along the way, I'm so thirsty.
(kaash hamen raaste men koii chashmaa mil jaataa, itnii pyaas lagii hai।)
Morphology
Noun
(sg.m.direct):
चश्मा
(chashmaa)
(sg.m.oblique):
चश्मे
(chashme)
(pl.m.direct):
चश्मे
(chashme)
(pl.m.oblique):
चश्मों
(chashmon)