मौसम (mausam)

noun Refers to weather in the day-to-day sense and also to season (the recurring stretch of the year), plus a common figurative use for the general 'mood' or 'atmosphere' of a moment or situation.
Sense 1 : weather
noun, masculine
Frequency: high
Cultural Note: Small talk about मौसम (mausam) is just as common in Delhi as in London, but with sharper stakes -- Delhi's मौसम (mausam) swings from bone-chilling winter fog to brutal 45-degree summers, so people discuss it with real feeling, not just politeness.
Common Mistakes: 1) Learners often try to use है (hai) alone the way English says 'it is hot/cold' -- Hindi instead builds the sentence around मौसम (mausam) plus an adjective, as in मौसम गरम है (mausam garam hai, 'the weather is hot'), or uses दative constructions like मुझे ठंड लग रही है (mujhe thand lag rahii hai, 'I feel cold') rather than making मौसम the subject of a feeling verb. 2) कैसा (kaisaa) not क्या (kyaa) is used to ask 'how is the weather' -- मौसम कैसा है? (mausam kaisaa hai?, 'how is the weather?').
Sample Sentences:
आज मौसम बहुत अच्छा है। The weather is very nice today.
(aaj mausam bahut achchhaa hai।)
Register: Casual -- Mood: Indicative -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Active
दिल्ली का मौसम गर्मियों में बहुत खराब हो जाता है। Delhi's weather gets really bad in the summer.
(dillii kaa mausam garmiyon men bahut kharaab ho jaataa hai।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Habitual -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Active
कल मौसम बहुत खराब था, बारिश और तूफान दोनों थे। The weather was terrible yesterday, there was both rain and a storm.
(kal mausam bahut kharaab thaa, baarish aur toophaan donon the।)
Register: Casual -- Mood: Indicative -- Tense: Past -- Voice: Active
बाहर मत जाओ, मौसम बिगड़ रहा है। Don't go outside, the weather is turning bad.
(baahar mat jaao, mausam bigad rahaa hai।)
Register: Casual -- Mood: Imperative -- Aspect: Continuous -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Active
अगर मौसम साफ रहा, तो हम पहाड़ों पर जाएँगे। If the weather stays clear, we'll go to the mountains.
(agar mausam saaph rahaa, to ham pahaadon par jaaenge।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Subjunctive -- Tense: Future -- Voice: Active
अगर मौसम इतना गर्म न होता, तो मैं शाम को टहलने जाता। If the weather weren't so hot, I would go for a walk in the evening.
(agar mausam itnaa garm n hotaa, to main shaam ko tahalne jaataa।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Counterfactual -- Aspect: Habitual -- Voice: Active
मौसम विभाग ने कल भारी बारिश की चेतावनी जारी की है। The weather department has issued a warning of heavy rain tomorrow.
(mausam vibhaag ne kal bhaarii baarish kii chetaavnii jaarii kii hai।)
Register: Formal -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Perfective -- Tense: Past -- Voice: Active
उड़ान खराब मौसम की वजह से रद्द कर दी गई। The flight was cancelled due to bad weather.
(udaan kharaab mausam kii vajah se radd kar dii gaii।)
Register: Formal -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Perfective -- Tense: Past -- Voice: Passive
यार, इस मौसम में तो सिर्फ चाय और पकौड़े ही चाहिए। Dude, in this weather you just need tea and pakoras.
(yaar, is mausam men to sirph chaay aur pakaude hii chaahie।)
Register: Casual -- Mood: Indicative -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Active
क्या तुमने आज का मौसम देखा? कैसी धूप निकली है! Did you see today's weather? What sunshine has come out!
(kyaa tumne aaj kaa mausam dekhaa? kaisii dhoop niklii hai!)
Register: Casual -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Perfective -- Tense: Past -- Voice: Active
काश मौसम थोड़ा ठंडा होता, फिर पिकनिक पर चलते। I wish the weather were a bit cooler, then we would go on a picnic.
(kaash mausam thodaa thandaa hotaa, phir piknik par chalte।)
Register: Casual -- Mood: Counterfactual -- Voice: Active
Sense 2 : season
noun, masculine Used in compounds like बारिश का मौसम (baarish kaa mausam, 'the rainy season') and सर्दी का मौसम (sardii kaa mausam, 'the winter season') to name a specific season, rather than the everyday 'weather' sense.
Synonyms: ऋतु (ritu, literary)
Frequency: high
Cultural Note: Mango season, wedding season, monsoon season -- all of these get called X का मौसम (X kaa mausam) in daily conversation; आम का मौसम (aam kaa mausam, 'mango season') is a phrase every Delhi household looks forward to every summer.
Common Mistakes: 1) ऋतु (ritu) is the textbook word for 'season' taught in school, but in real speech मौसम (mausam) is what people actually say -- learners sometimes overuse ऋतु (ritu) and sound bookish.
Sample Sentences:
गर्मियों में आम का मौसम आता है। Mango season comes in the summer.
(garmiyon men aam kaa mausam aataa hai।)
Register: Casual -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Habitual -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Active
दिल्ली में सर्दियों का मौसम शादियों का भी मौसम होता है। In Delhi, the winter season is also the wedding season.
(dillii men sardiyon kaa mausam shaadiyon kaa bhii mausam hotaa hai।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Habitual -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Active
पिछले साल बरसात का मौसम बहुत लंबा चला था। Last year the monsoon season went on for a very long time.
(pichhle saal barsaat kaa mausam bahut lambaa chalaa thaa।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Perfective -- Tense: Past -- Voice: Active
क्या तुम्हें पता है कि इस साल फूलों का मौसम कब शुरू होगा? Do you know when flower season will start this year?
(kyaa tumhen pataa hai ki is saal phoolon kaa mausam kab shuroo hogaa?)
Register: Casual -- Mood: Indicative -- Tense: Future -- Voice: Active
काश अभी आम का मौसम होता। If only it were mango season right now.
(kaash abhii aam kaa mausam hotaa।)
Register: Casual -- Mood: Counterfactual -- Aspect: Habitual -- Voice: Active
त्योहारों का मौसम शुरू हो चुका है, बाज़ार सज गए हैं। Festival season has already begun, the markets have been decorated.
(tyohaaron kaa mausam shuroo ho chukaa hai, baazaar saj gae hain।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Indicative -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Active
अंगूर का मौसम खत्म होने से पहले इनका अचार डाल लो। Make pickle from these before grape season ends.
(angoor kaa mausam khatm hone se pahle inkaa achaar daal lo।)
Register: Casual -- Mood: Imperative -- Voice: Active
हमारे शहर में मानसून का मौसम जून के अंत में आता है। In our city, monsoon season arrives at the end of June.
(hamaare shahar men maansoon kaa mausam joon ke ant men aataa hai।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Habitual -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Active
यदि परीक्षाओं का मौसम न होता, तो हम सब घूमने चलते। If it weren't exam season, we'd all go out on a trip.
(yadi pariikshaaon kaa mausam n hotaa, to ham sab ghoomne chalte।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Counterfactual -- Aspect: Habitual -- Voice: Active
प्रत्येक क्षेत्र में फसल का मौसम अलग-अलग समय पर आता है। In each region, the harvest season arrives at a different time.
(pratyek kshetr men phasal kaa mausam alag-alag samay par aataa hai।)
Register: Formal -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Habitual -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Active
इस बार पर्यटन का मौसम कोरोना की वजह से बर्बाद हो गया। This time the tourist season got ruined because of Corona.
(is baar parytan kaa mausam koronaa kii vajah se barbaad ho gayaa।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Perfective -- Tense: Past -- Voice: Active
Sense 3 : mood, atmosphere, vibe (figurative)
noun, masculine Used metaphorically for the emotional or social 'climate' of an occasion or relationship, as in मौसम बदल गया (mausam badal gayaa, 'the mood has changed').
Synonyms: माहौल (maahaul)
Frequency: medium
Cultural Note: This figurative stretch shows up a lot in Hindi film songs and poetry, where मौसम (mausam) becomes a stand-in for romantic mood or a shift in a relationship, e.g. describing a tense gathering as मौसम खराब है (mausam kharaab hai, 'the mood/atmosphere is bad') even though no actual weather is involved.
Sample Sentences:
पार्टी में मौसम अचानक खराब हो गया। The mood at the party suddenly turned bad.
(paartii men mausam achaanak kharaab ho gayaa।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Perfective -- Tense: Past -- Voice: Active
दोनों के बीच मौसम बदल रहा है। The atmosphere between the two of them is changing.
(donon ke biich mausam badal rahaa hai।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Continuous -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Active
जब भी वो कमरे में आती है, मौसम खुशगवार हो जाता है। Whenever she comes into the room, the mood becomes pleasant.
(jab bhii vo kamre men aatii hai, mausam khushagvaar ho jaataa hai।)
Register: Literary -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Habitual -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Active
मीटिंग में मौसम इतना तनावपूर्ण था कि कोई बोल नहीं पाया। The atmosphere in the meeting was so tense that no one could speak.
(miiting men mausam itnaa tanaavpoorn thaa ki koii bol nahiin paayaa।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Indicative -- Tense: Past -- Voice: Active
अगर तुम मुस्कुराओ तो पूरा मौसम बदल जाए। If you smile, the whole mood might change.
(agar tum muskuraao to pooraa mausam badal jaae।)
Register: Literary -- Mood: Subjunctive -- Voice: Active
काश उस शाम मौसम इतना अजीब न होता। I wish the mood that evening hadn't been so strange.
(kaash us shaam mausam itnaa ajiib n hotaa।)
Register: Literary -- Mood: Counterfactual -- Aspect: Habitual -- Voice: Active
यार, आज ऑफिस का मौसम बहुत भारी लग रहा है। Dude, the vibe at the office feels really heavy today.
(yaar, aaj ophis kaa mausam bahut bhaarii lag rahaa hai।)
Register: Casual -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Continuous -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Active
मौसम खराब है, अभी उससे कोई बात मत करना। The mood is bad -- don't bring up anything with him right now.
(mausam kharaab hai, abhii usse koii baat mat karnaa।)
Register: Casual -- Mood: Imperative -- Voice: Active
गाने में शायर ने बिछड़ने के मौसम का बहुत सुंदर वर्णन किया है। In the song, the poet has beautifully described the mood of separation.
(gaane men shaayar ne bichhadne ke mausam kaa bahut sundar varnan kiyaa hai।)
Register: Literary -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Perfective -- Tense: Past -- Voice: Active
उस मुलाकात के बाद दोनों घरों के बीच मौसम सुधर गया। After that meeting, the atmosphere between the two families improved.
(us mulaakaat ke baad donon gharon ke biich mausam sudhar gayaa।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Perfective -- Tense: Past -- Voice: Active
Morphology
Noun
(sg.m.direct): मौसम (mausam)
(sg.m.oblique): मौसम (mausam)
(pl.m.direct): मौसम (mausam)
(pl.m.oblique): मौसमों (mausmon)