ठप्प (thapp)
adjective
An informal, expressive word describing something that has come to a complete standstill or stopped working -- used for machines, businesses, transport, or activities grinding to a halt.
Sense
1
:
shut down, at a standstill, defunct
adjective Almost always used predicatively with होना (honaa) or पड़ना (padnaa), e.g. काम ठप्प है (kaam thapp hai, 'the work has come to a standstill'), rather than attributively before a noun.
Synonyms: बंद (band), निष्क्रिय (nishkriy, formal), खराब (kharaab, broken, narrower sense)
Frequency: high
Cultural Note: You will hear this constantly in news reports and everyday complaints -- ट्रैफिक ठप्प है (traiphik thapp hai, 'traffic is at a standstill') during a Delhi jam, or बिजली ठप्प है (bijlii thapp hai, 'the power is out') during a cut. It has a punchy, almost onomatopoeic feel -- the doubled प्प gives it a sense of something stopping dead.
Common Mistakes: 1) Learners often reach for बंद (band) in every context, but ठप्प (thapp) specifically conveys a sudden or complete halt (a factory stops running, traffic grinds to a stop) rather than simply 'closed' (a shop being closed for the day). 2) It is invariant in this adjectival use -- it does not change form for gender or number of the noun it describes.
Sample Sentences:
आज सुबह से ट्रैफिक ठप्प है।
Traffic has been at a complete standstill since this morning.
(aaj subah se traiphik thapp hai।)
कल रात तूफान की वजह से पूरे इलाके में बिजली ठप्प हो गई।
Last night, due to the storm, the power went out completely across the whole area.
(kal raat toophaan kii vajah se poore ilaake men bijlii thapp ho gaii।)
हड़ताल की वजह से फैक्ट्री का काम कई दिनों से ठप्प पड़ा है।
Because of the strike, the factory's work has been shut down for several days.
(hadtaal kii vajah se phaiktrii kaa kaam kaii dinon se thapp padaa hai।)
अगर सर्वर ठप्प हो गया तो पूरी वेबसाइट बंद हो जाएगी।
If the server goes down, the entire website will stop working.
(agar sarvar thapp ho gayaa to poorii vebsaait band ho jaaegii।)
अगर बारिश और तेज़ होती तो पूरा शहर ठप्प हो जाता।
If the rain had been any heavier, the whole city would have come to a standstill.
(agar baarish aur tez hotii to pooraa shahar thapp ho jaataa।)
मशीन को ज़्यादा गरम मत होने दो, वरना काम ठप्प हो जाएगा।
Don't let the machine overheat, or the whole operation will grind to a halt.
(mashiin ko zyaadaa garam mat hone do, varnaa kaam thapp ho jaaegaa।)
बैंक का सिस्टम आज पूरे दिन ठप्प रहा।
The bank's system was down all day today.
(baink kaa sistam aaj poore din thapp rahaa।)
प्रशासन ने कहा है कि नेटवर्क में खराबी के कारण सेवाएँ ठप्प कर दी गई हैं।
The administration has said that services have been shut down due to a network fault.
(prashaasan ne kahaa hai ki netvark men kharaabii ke kaaran sevaaen thapp kar dii gaii hain।)
यार, मेट्रो का काम इतना धीमा है कि लगता है सब कुछ ठप्प पड़ा है।
Dude, the metro work is so slow it feels like everything's completely stalled.
(yaar, metro kaa kaam itnaa dhiimaa hai ki lagtaa hai sab kuchh thapp padaa hai।)
पानी की सप्लाई हफ्ते भर से ठप्प है, लोग परेशान हैं।
The water supply has been shut down for a whole week, and people are fed up.
(paanii kii saplaaii haphte bhar se thapp hai, log pareshaan hain।)
उम्मीद है कि हड़ताल खत्म होने के बाद उत्पादन ठप्प न रहे।
Hopefully, production doesn't remain shut down after the strike ends.
(ummiid hai ki hadtaal khatm hone ke baad utpaadan thapp n rahe।)
Morphology
Adjective (invariant)
invariant:
ठप्प
(thapp)