साफ़ (saaf)

adjective/adverb Mainly an adjective meaning 'clean' or 'clear', with a closely related adverbial sense meaning 'clearly, plainly' -- often in the frame साफ़ साफ़ (saaf saaf) or साफ़-साफ़ कहना (saaf-saaf kahnaa).
Sense 1 : clean, unsoiled
adjective
Synonyms: स्वच्छ (svachchh, formal)
Frequency: high
Cultural Note: This is the word you will hear a mother say constantly: हाथ साफ़ करो (haath saaf karo, 'clean your hands') or कमरा साफ़ करो (kamraa saaf karo, 'clean the room'). Note the nuqta under the फ़ -- it is pronounced with a real 'f' sound (not 'ph'), as in English 'safe' minus the e.
Common Mistakes: 1) Learners sometimes reach for स्वच्छ (svachchh) in everyday speech because it is the word plastered on government cleanliness campaigns (स्वच्छ भारत, svachchh bhaarat) -- but in daily conversation about a clean room, clean clothes, or clean hands, साफ़ (saaf) is what people actually say.
Sample Sentences:
अपने हाथ साफ़ करो, फिर खाना खाओ। Clean your hands, then eat your food.
(apne haath saaf karo, phir khaanaa khaao।)
Register: Casual -- Mood: Imperative -- Voice: Active
यह कमरा बहुत साफ़ है। This room is very clean.
(yah kamraa bahut saaf hai।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Indicative -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Active
मेरी माँ रोज़ घर साफ़ करती है। My mother cleans the house every day.
(merii maan roz ghar saaf kartii hai।)
Register: Casual -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Habitual -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Active
मैं अपना कमरा साफ़ कर रहा हूँ। I am cleaning my room.
(main apnaa kamraa saaf kar rahaa hoon।)
Register: Casual -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Continuous -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Active
उसने कपड़े साफ़ करके अलमारी में रख दिए। She cleaned the clothes and put them in the cupboard.
(usne kapde saaf karke almaarii men rakh die।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Perfective -- Tense: Past -- Voice: Active
अगर बर्तन साफ़ नहीं होंगे तो खाना नहीं परोसा जाएगा। If the dishes aren't clean, the food won't be served.
(agar bartan saaf nahiin honge to khaanaa nahiin parosaa jaaegaa।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Indicative -- Tense: Future -- Voice: Passive
काश मेरा कमरा हमेशा इतना साफ़ रहता। If only my room stayed this clean all the time.
(kaash meraa kamraa hameshaa itnaa saaf rahtaa।)
Register: Casual -- Mood: Counterfactual -- Aspect: Habitual -- Voice: Active
कृपया सुनिश्चित करें कि रसोई पूरी तरह साफ़ रहे। Please ensure that the kitchen remains completely clean.
(kripyaa sunishchit karen ki rasoii poorii tarah saaf rahe।)
Register: Formal -- Mood: Subjunctive -- Voice: Active
यह चादर बिल्कुल साफ़ नहीं लग रही, इसे बदल दो। This sheet doesn't look clean at all, change it.
(yah chaadar bilkul saaf nahiin lag rahii, ise badal do।)
Register: Casual -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Continuous -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Active
पूरा घर साफ़ किया गया था मेहमानों के आने से पहले। The whole house had been cleaned before the guests arrived.
(pooraa ghar saaf kiyaa gayaa thaa mehmaanon ke aane se pahle।)
Register: Formal -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Perfective -- Tense: Past -- Voice: Passive
साफ़ बर्तनों में खाना खाना सेहत के लिए अच्छा होता है। Eating food in clean dishes is good for health.
(saaf bartnon men khaanaa khaanaa sehat ke lie achchhaa hotaa hai।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Habitual -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Active
Sense 2 : clear, transparent, unobstructed
adjective Used for clear water, clear sky, clear glass, and clear vision alike -- the same word covers all of these where English might switch words.
Synonyms: स्पष्ट (spasht, formal)
Frequency: high
Cultural Note: You will hear this about weather all the time in Delhi: आज आसमान बहुत साफ़ है (aaj aasmaan bahut saaf hai, 'the sky is very clear today') -- especially treasured after the smog clears in winter.
Sample Sentences:
आज आसमान बहुत साफ़ है। The sky is very clear today.
(aaj aasmaan bahut saaf hai।)
Register: Casual -- Mood: Indicative -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Active
स्मॉग छँटने के बाद आसमान एकदम साफ़ हो गया। After the smog cleared, the sky became completely clear.
(smog chhantne ke baad aasmaan ekdam saaf ho gayaa।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Perfective -- Tense: Past -- Voice: Active
पहाड़ों पर पानी इतना साफ़ है कि तली दिखती है। In the mountains the water is so clear that you can see the bottom.
(pahaadon par paanii itnaa saaf hai ki talii dikhtii hai।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Habitual -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Active
काश आज शीशा इतना साफ़ होता कि दूर तक देख पाते। If only the glass were this clear today, so we could see far away.
(kaash aaj shiishaa itnaa saaf hotaa ki door tak dekh paate।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Counterfactual -- Aspect: Habitual -- Voice: Active
अगर हवा साफ़ रहेगी तो हम आज ताजमहल से पहाड़ भी देख सकेंगे। If the air stays clear, we'll even be able to see the mountains from the Taj Mahal today.
(agar havaa saaf rahegii to ham aaj taajmahal se pahaad bhii dekh sakenge।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Indicative -- Tense: Future -- Voice: Active
खिड़की का शीशा साफ़ करो ताकि बाहर का नज़ारा साफ़ दिखे। Clean the window glass so the view outside looks clear.
(khidkii kaa shiishaa saaf karo taaki baahar kaa nazaaraa saaf dikhe।)
Register: Casual -- Mood: Imperative -- Voice: Active
उम्मीद है कल आसमान साफ़ रहे, हमें ट्रैकिंग पर जाना है। I hope the sky stays clear tomorrow, we have to go trekking.
(ummiid hai kal aasmaan saaf rahe, hamen traiking par jaanaa hai।)
Register: Casual -- Mood: Subjunctive -- Voice: Active
मौसम विभाग के अनुसार अगले सप्ताह आसमान साफ़ रहने की संभावना है। According to the meteorological department, the sky is likely to remain clear next week.
(mausam vibhaag ke anusaar agle saptaah aasmaan saaf rahne kii sambhaavnaa hai।)
Register: Formal -- Mood: Indicative -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Active
नदी का पानी अब पहले जितना साफ़ नहीं रहा। The river water is not as clear as it used to be.
(nadii kaa paanii ab pahle jitnaa saaf nahiin rahaa।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Perfective -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Active
उस साफ़ झील में हर मछली नज़र आ रही थी। Every fish was visible in that clear lake.
(us saaf jhiil men har machhlii nazar aa rahii thii।)
Register: Literary -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Continuous -- Tense: Past -- Voice: Active
दिवाली के बाद आसमान शायद ही साफ़ पाया जाता है। The sky is hardly ever found clear after Diwali.
(divaalii ke baad aasmaan shaayad hii saaf paayaa jaataa hai।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Habitual -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Passive
Sense 3 : honest, straightforward (of character or intentions)
adjective Common in the fixed phrase साफ़ दिल (saaf dil, 'clean/honest heart') and साफ़ नीयत (saaf niiyat, 'honest intention').
Synonyms: ईमानदार (iimaandaar), खरा (kharaa)
Frequency: medium
Cultural Note: This is the moral extension of 'clean' -- just as English says someone has a 'clean conscience', Hindi says उसका दिल साफ़ है (uskaa dil saaf hai, 'his heart is clean/pure'), tying physical cleanliness and moral integrity together in one word.
Sample Sentences:
उसका दिल साफ़ है, इसलिए सब लोग उस पर भरोसा करते हैं। His heart is clean/pure, that's why everyone trusts him.
(uskaa dil saaf hai, islie sab log us par bharosaa karte hain।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Habitual -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Active
मुझे उसकी नीयत साफ़ नहीं लगती। His intentions don't seem honest to me.
(mujhe uskii niiyat saaf nahiin lagtii।)
Register: Casual -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Habitual -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Active
अगर तुम्हारा इरादा साफ़ होता, तो तुम यूँ छिपते नहीं। If your intentions were honest, you wouldn't be hiding like this.
(agar tumhaaraa iraadaa saaf hotaa, to tum yoon chhipte nahiin।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Counterfactual -- Aspect: Habitual -- Voice: Active
व्यापार में हमेशा साफ़ रहना चाहिए। One should always be honest in business.
(vyaapaar men hameshaa saaf rahnaa chaahie।)
Register: Formal -- Mood: Subjunctive -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Active
साफ़ रहो, चाहे कोई कुछ भी कहे। Stay honest, no matter what anyone says.
(saaf raho, chaahe koii kuchh bhii kahe।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Imperative -- Voice: Active
क्या तुम्हें यकीन है कि उसकी नीयत सचमुच साफ़ थी? Are you sure his intentions were really honest?
(kyaa tumhen yakiin hai ki uskii niiyat sachmuch saaf thii?)
Register: Casual -- Mood: Indicative -- Tense: Past -- Voice: Active
जब तक उसका दिल साफ़ रहेगा, वह कभी धोखा नहीं देगा। As long as his heart stays honest, he will never betray anyone.
(jab tak uskaa dil saaf rahegaa, vah kabhii dhokhaa nahiin degaa।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Indicative -- Tense: Future -- Voice: Active
साक्षात्कार में उम्मीदवार का इरादा साफ़ होना चाहिए। In an interview, the candidate's intentions should be honest.
(saakshaatkaar men ummiidvaar kaa iraadaa saaf honaa chaahie।)
Register: Formal -- Mood: Subjunctive -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Active
साफ़ दिल वाले लोग कम ही मिलते हैं आजकल। People with pure/honest hearts are rarely found these days.
(saaf dil vaale log kam hii milte hain aajkal।)
Register: Literary -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Habitual -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Active
मैंने उससे पूछा कि क्या उसका मन साफ़ है, पर वह चुप रहा। I asked him whether his heart/mind was pure, but he stayed silent.
(mainne usse poochhaa ki kyaa uskaa man saaf hai, par vah chup rahaa।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Perfective -- Tense: Past -- Voice: Active
Sense 4 : clearly, plainly, outright
adverb Frequently doubled as साफ़ साफ़ (saaf saaf) for emphasis, e.g. with कहना (kahnaa, 'to say') or बताना (bataanaa, 'to tell').
Synonyms: स्पष्ट रूप से (spasht roop se, formal)
Frequency: high
Cultural Note: साफ़ इनकार (saaf inkaar, 'flat refusal') and साफ़ मुकर गया (saaf mukar gayaa, 'flatly denied it') show this adverbial sense used for blunt, no-nonsense refusals or statements -- a very Delhi way of shutting a conversation down.
Common Mistakes: 1) Learners often forget the doubled form साफ़ साफ़ (saaf saaf) is far more natural in speech than the single word when the meaning is 'tell me straight' -- साफ़ साफ़ बताओ (saaf saaf bataao, 'tell me plainly') is the everyday version.
Sample Sentences:
उसने साफ़ इनकार कर दिया। He flatly refused.
(usne saaf inkaar kar diyaa।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Perfective -- Tense: Past -- Voice: Active
वह साफ़ मुकर गया कि उसने पैसे नहीं लिए। He flatly denied that he had taken the money.
(vah saaf mukar gayaa ki usne paise nahiin lie।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Perfective -- Tense: Past -- Voice: Active
मैं साफ़ कह रहा हूँ कि मुझे यह मंज़ूर नहीं है। I am saying it clearly -- this is not acceptable to me.
(main saaf kah rahaa hoon ki mujhe yah manzoor nahiin hai।)
Register: Casual -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Continuous -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Active
साफ़ बताओ, तुम आ रहे हो या नहीं। Tell me plainly, are you coming or not.
(saaf bataao, tum aa rahe ho yaa nahiin।)
Register: Casual -- Mood: Imperative -- Voice: Active
उसने साफ़ कह दिया कि वह इस काम के लिए राज़ी नहीं है। She said outright that she was not willing to do this work.
(usne saaf kah diyaa ki vah is kaam ke lie raazii nahiin hai।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Perfective -- Tense: Past -- Voice: Active
अगर तुझे मंज़ूर नहीं है तो साफ़ बोल दे, इतना घुमा क्यों रहा है? If you don't agree, just say it flatly -- why are you beating around the bush so much?
(agar tujhe manzoor nahiin hai to saaf bol de, itnaa ghumaa kyon rahaa hai?)
Register: Casual -- Mood: Imperative -- Voice: Active
साफ़ है कि वह झूठ बोल रहा है। It's plainly obvious that he's lying.
(saaf hai ki vah jhooth bol rahaa hai।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Indicative -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Active
काश वह साफ़ बता देता कि उसे क्या चाहिए। If only he had stated plainly what he wanted.
(kaash vah saaf bataa detaa ki use kyaa chaahie।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Counterfactual -- Aspect: Perfective -- Voice: Active
मीटिंग में मैनेजर ने साफ़ कह दिया कि इस बार कोई छुट्टी नहीं मिलेगी। In the meeting, the manager said flatly that no leave would be granted this time.
(miiting men mainejar ne saaf kah diyaa ki is baar koii chhuttii nahiin milegii।)
Register: Formal -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Perfective -- Tense: Past -- Voice: Active
उसकी बात से साफ़ झलकता है कि वह नाराज़ है। It's clearly evident from what she says that she's upset.
(uskii baat se saaf jhalaktaa hai ki vah naaraaz hai।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Habitual -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Active
जब तक तुम साफ़ नहीं बताओगे, कोई फ़ैसला नहीं हो सकता। Until you state it plainly, no decision can be made.
(jab tak tum saaf nahiin bataaoge, koii faislaa nahiin ho saktaa।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Indicative -- Tense: Future -- Voice: Active
Morphology
Adjective (invariant)
invariant: साफ़ (saaf)