बंद (band)
adjective/noun
Mainly an adjective meaning 'closed/shut' and, extended from that, 'stopped/off', plus a related noun sense meaning 'closure/strike' and an adverbial-ish sense used with verbs like करना (karnaa) and होना (honaa).
Sense
1
:
closed, shut
adjective
Synonyms: बंद (band), मुंदा (mundaa, less common, mainly for eyes/eyelids)
Frequency: high
Cultural Note: You will hear this word constantly in daily life: shopkeepers announce दुकान बंद है (dukaan band hai, 'the shop is closed') at lunch break, and doors, windows, taps, and even phones (फ़ोन बंद है, fon band hai, 'the phone is off/unreachable') all take बंद (band) rather than a separate word for each kind of 'off'.
Common Mistakes: 1) Learners often try to use बंद (band) as a verb by itself; it is an adjective and needs होना (honaa) or करना (karnaa) to actually express 'to close' -- दुकान बंद है (dukaan band hai, 'the shop is closed') vs. दुकान बंद हुई (dukaan band huii, 'the shop closed'). 2) For 'closed' referring to eyes, आँखें बंद करना (aankhen band karnaa) is the natural phrase, not a literal translation of 'shut your eyes.'
Sample Sentences:
दुकान बंद है, दोपहर में फिर आना।
The shop is closed, come again in the afternoon.
(dukaan band hai, dopahar men phir aanaa।)
कृपया खिड़की बंद कर दें, बाहर बहुत धूल है।
Please close the window, there is a lot of dust outside.
(kripyaa khidkii band kar den, baahar bahut dhool hai।)
दरवाज़ा बंद कर दो, बच्चा सो रहा है।
Shut the door, the child is sleeping.
(darvaazaa band kar do, bachchaa so rahaa hai।)
जब मैं पहुँचा, तो सारी खिड़कियाँ बंद थीं।
When I arrived, all the windows were closed.
(jab main pahunchaa, to saarii khidkiyaan band thiin।)
रात को नल बंद रहता है।
The tap remains closed at night.
(raat ko nal band rahtaa hai।)
अगर दरवाज़ा बंद होता, तो बिल्ली अंदर न आती।
If the door had been closed, the cat would not have come in.
(agar darvaazaa band hotaa, to billii andar n aatii।)
त्योहार के दिन सारी दुकानें बंद रहेंगी।
All the shops will remain closed on the festival day.
(tyohaar ke din saarii dukaanen band rahengii।)
मुमकिन है कि आज लाइब्रेरी बंद हो।
It's possible the library is closed today.
(mumkin hai ki aaj laaibrerii band ho।)
बंद दरवाज़े के पीछे से आवाज़ आ रही थी।
A voice was coming from behind the closed door.
(band darvaaze ke piichhe se aavaaz aa rahii thii।)
सुरक्षा कारणों से यह सड़क बंद कर दी गई है।
This road has been closed for security reasons.
(surakshaa kaarnon se yah sadak band kar dii gaii hai।)
आँखें बंद करो और गहरी साँस लो।
Close your eyes and take a deep breath.
(aankhen band karo aur gahrii saans lo।)
Sense
2
:
turned off, not functioning, stopped (of machines, processes, services)
adjective
Synonyms: बंद (band), खराब (kharaab, 'out of order', for machines specifically)
Frequency: high
Cultural Note: This is the word you'll use for everything from a dead phone battery to a stalled car to a canceled train service -- Hindi doesn't reach for separate vocabulary the way English does for 'off,' 'broken,' 'stalled,' and 'out of service.'
Common Mistakes: 1) For electronics, बंद (band) means 'switched off/not working,' while ऑफ़ (of) is also common colloquially -- both are fine, but बंद (band) is the native, everyday choice. 2) Don't confuse this with बंद (band) meaning a strike/shutdown (the noun sense) -- टीवी बंद है (tiivii band hai, 'the TV is off') vs. आज शहर में बंद है (aaj shahar men band hai, 'there's a shutdown/strike in the city today').
Sample Sentences:
मेरा फोन बंद है।
My phone is off.
(meraa phon band hai।)
गाड़ी बीच रास्ते में बंद हो गई।
The car stalled in the middle of the road.
(gaadii biich raaste men band ho gaii।)
बारिश में अक्सर बिजली बंद हो जाती है।
The power often goes off during rain.
(baarish men aksar bijlii band ho jaatii hai।)
टीवी बंद कर दो, बहुत देर हो गई है।
Turn off the TV, it's very late.
(tiivii band kar do, bahut der ho gaii hai।)
उस रूट पर ट्रेन सेवा फिलहाल बंद है।
Train service on that route is currently stopped.
(us root par tren sevaa philahaal band hai।)
अगर लैपटॉप बहुत गरम हो जाए तो वह अपने आप बंद हो जाता है।
If the laptop gets too hot, it shuts off on its own.
(agar laiptop bahut garam ho jaae to vah apne aap band ho jaataa hai।)
अगर बैटरी चार्ज होती, तो फोन बंद न होता।
If the battery had been charged, the phone wouldn't have turned off.
(agar baitrii chaarj hotii, to phon band n hotaa।)
पिछले महीने से यह फैक्ट्री बंद पड़ी है।
This factory has been shut down since last month.
(pichhle mahiine se yah phaiktrii band padii hai।)
इंजन में खराबी की वजह से सिस्टम बंद कर दिया गया।
The system was shut down because of a fault in the engine.
(injan men kharaabii kii vajah se sistam band kar diyaa gayaa।)
क्या तुम्हारा वाईफाई बंद है?
Is your wifi off?
(kyaa tumhaaraa vaaiiphaaii band hai?)
अगले हफ्ते तक यह लाइन बंद रहेगी।
This line will remain out of service until next week.
(agle haphte tak yah laain band rahegii।)
Sense
3
:
a general strike, forced shutdown of businesses/transport as protest
noun, masculine Commonly heard as भारत बंद (bhaarat band, 'India shutdown') in news contexts, referring to a nationwide strike called by political parties or unions.
Synonyms: हड़ताल (hadtaal, more specifically a labor/worker strike)
Frequency: medium
Cultural Note: बंद (band) as a 'shutdown protest' is a very Indian civic institution -- political parties or unions call a बंद (band) and shops voluntarily (or under pressure) pull down their shutters; you'll see the word plastered across news headlines like भारत बंद (bhaarat band) during major protests.
Common Mistakes: 1) This बंद (band) is a noun naming the event itself, distinct from the adjective sense -- आज बंद है (aaj band hai) can mean either 'it's closed today' or 'there's a strike today' depending on context, which can genuinely confuse learners.
Sample Sentences:
कल व्यापारियों ने कीमतों के खिलाफ बंद बुलाया है।
Traders have called a strike tomorrow against the price hikes.
(kal vyaapaariyon ne kiimton ke khilaaph band bulaayaa hai।)
आज भारत बंद है, इसलिए सड़कों पर बहुत कम गाड़ियाँ हैं।
Today there's an India-wide strike, so there are very few vehicles on the roads.
(aaj bhaarat band hai, islie sadkon par bahut kam gaadiyaan hain।)
पिछले हफ्ते किसानों ने पूरे राज्य में बंद करवा दिया था।
Last week the farmers got a shutdown enforced across the whole state.
(pichhle haphte kisaanon ne poore raajy men band karvaa diyaa thaa।)
यूनियन नेता ने ऐलान किया कि अगर मांगें नहीं मानी गईं तो बंद बुलाया जाएगा।
The union leader announced that if the demands were not met, a strike would be called.
(yooniyan netaa ne ailaan kiyaa ki agar maangen nahiin maanii gaiin to band bulaayaa jaaegaa।)
अगर सरकार यह कानून वापस नहीं लेती, तो विरोधी दल बंद का ऐलान कर सकते हैं।
If the government doesn't withdraw this law, the opposition parties might announce a strike.
(agar sarkaar yah kaanoon vaapas nahiin letii, to virodhii dal band kaa ailaan kar sakte hain।)
यार, आज बंद है, इसलिए दुकानें खुलेंगी नहीं, बाहर मत निकलना।
Dude, there's a strike today so the shops won't open, don't go out.
(yaar, aaj band hai, islie dukaanen khulengii nahiin, baahar mat nikalnaa।)
बंद के दौरान बाजार पूरी तरह सुनसान पड़ा रहता है।
During a strike, the market stays completely deserted.
(band ke dauraan baajaar poorii tarah sunsaan padaa rahtaa hai।)
काश यह बंद इतनी बार न बुलाया जाता, इससे मज़दूरों को ही नुकसान होता है।
If only this strike weren't called so often, it's the laborers who end up suffering.
(kaash yah band itnii baar n bulaayaa jaataa, isse mazdooron ko hii nuksaan hotaa hai।)
प्रशासन ने अफवाह फैलाने वालों को चेतावनी दी कि बंद के नाम पर हिंसा बर्दाश्त नहीं की जाएगी।
The administration warned rumor-mongers that violence in the name of the strike would not be tolerated.
(prashaasan ne aphvaah phailaane vaalon ko chetaavnii dii ki band ke naam par hinsaa bardaasht nahiin kii jaaegii।)
बंद सफल रहा या नहीं, यह तो शाम तक ही पता चलेगा।
Whether the strike was successful or not, we'll only know by evening.
(band saphal rahaa yaa nahiin, yah to shaam tak hii pataa chalegaa।)
Morphology
Adjective (invariant)
invariant:
बंद
(band)
Noun
(sg.m.direct):
बंद
(band)
(sg.m.oblique):
बंद
(band)
(pl.m.direct):
बंद
(band)
(pl.m.oblique):
बंदों
(bandon)