सैनिक (sainik)

noun/adjective Primarily a noun meaning 'soldier'; it also has a common adjective use meaning 'military/pertaining to the army', as in सैनिक कार्रवाई (sainik kaarrvaaii, 'military action').
Sense 1 : soldier
noun, masculine
Synonyms: जवान (javaan), फ़ौजी (faujii, colloquial), सिपाही (sipaahii)
Frequency: high
Cultural Note: In Delhi-NCR, where many families have someone who has served, फ़ौजी (faujii) is the affectionate word used around the dinner table -- 'हमारा फ़ौजी भाई' (hamaaraa faujii bhaaii, 'our soldier brother') -- while सैनिक (sainik) is what you read in the newspaper headline about the same person. Government schemes and memorials almost always use सैनिक (sainik), as in पूर्व सैनिक (poorv sainik, 'ex-serviceman').
Common Mistakes: 1) Learners often reach for सिपाही (sipaahii) for any uniformed man, but सिपाही (sipaahii) usually means a police constable or low-ranking guard, while सैनिक (sainik) specifically means a soldier in the armed forces -- mixing these up changes who you are talking about. 2) फ़ौजी (faujii) is the warm, everyday word people use at home or in casual talk (e.g. about a relative in the army), while सैनिक (sainik) is the more formal/written term used in news and official contexts.
Sample Sentences:
सीमा पर हज़ारों सैनिक तैनात हैं। Thousands of soldiers are stationed at the border.
(siimaa par hazaaron sainik tainaat hain।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Perfective -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Active
उसका बेटा सेना में सैनिक बनना चाहता है। His son wants to become a soldier in the army.
(uskaa betaa senaa men sainik bannaa chaahtaa hai।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Habitual -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Active
युद्ध में कई सैनिक शहीद हो गए। Many soldiers were martyred in the war.
(yuddh men kaii sainik shahiid ho gae।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Perfective -- Tense: Past -- Voice: Active
पूर्व सैनिकों को इस योजना में विशेष लाभ मिलता है। Ex-servicemen get special benefits under this scheme.
(poorv sainikon ko is yojnaa men vishesh laabh miltaa hai।)
Register: Formal -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Habitual -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Active
सैनिक अपनी जान की बाज़ी लगाकर देश की रक्षा करते हैं। Soldiers risk their lives to protect the country.
(sainik apnii jaan kii baazii lagaakar desh kii rakshaa karte hain।)
Register: Formal -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Habitual -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Active
काश हर सैनिक सुरक्षित घर लौट पाता। If only every soldier could return home safely.
(kaash har sainik surakshit ghar laut paataa।)
Register: Literary -- Mood: Counterfactual -- Aspect: Habitual -- Voice: Active
स्मारक पर शहीद सैनिकों के नाम खुदे हुए हैं। The names of the martyred soldiers are engraved on the memorial.
(smaarak par shahiid sainikon ke naam khude hue hain।)
Register: Formal -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Perfective -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Passive
सैनिकों को समय पर वेतन और सुविधाएँ दी जानी चाहिए। Soldiers should be given their salary and facilities on time.
(sainikon ko samay par vetan aur suvidhaaen dii jaanii chaahie।)
Register: Formal -- Mood: Subjunctive -- Voice: Passive
अगर वह सैनिक न होता, तो सीमा पर तैनात न होता। If he had not been a soldier, he would not have been posted at the border.
(agar vah sainik n hotaa, to siimaa par tainaat n hotaa।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Counterfactual -- Aspect: Habitual -- Voice: Active
सैनिक हो तुम, तो अपने कर्तव्य से पीछे मत हटो। If you are a soldier, then do not retreat from your duty.
(sainik ho tum, to apne kartavy se piichhe mat hato।)
Register: Literary -- Mood: Imperative -- Voice: Active
समाचार पत्र में लिखा था कि दो सैनिक घायल हुए हैं। It was written in the newspaper that two soldiers were injured.
(samaachaar patr men likhaa thaa ki do sainik ghaayal hue hain।)
Register: Formal -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Perfective -- Tense: Past -- Voice: Passive
जब तक सैनिक सीमा पर डटे रहेंगे, देश सुरक्षित रहेगा। As long as soldiers remain steadfast at the border, the country will be safe.
(jab tak sainik siimaa par date rahenge, desh surakshit rahegaa।)
Register: Formal -- Mood: Indicative -- Tense: Future -- Voice: Active
Sense 2 : military, pertaining to the army
adjective Used attributively before a noun, e.g. सैनिक अड्डा (sainik addaa, 'military base'), सैनिक कार्रवाई (sainik kaarrvaaii, 'military action').
Synonyms: फ़ौजी (faujii, colloquial), सैन्य (sainy, formal)
Frequency: medium
Cultural Note: You will meet this adjective constantly in news Hindi -- सैनिक कार्रवाई (sainik kaarrvaaii, 'military action'), सैनिक स्कूल (sainik skool, 'military school', a well-known category of boarding schools across India that prepare boys for the armed forces).
Common Mistakes: 1) Learners sometimes confuse this adjective use with the noun sense; सैनिक (sainik) as adjective describes something belonging to the military (an action, a base), not a person.
Sample Sentences:
सरकार ने सीमा पर सैनिक कार्रवाई शुरू कर दी है। The government has started military action at the border.
(sarkaar ne siimaa par sainik kaarrvaaii shuroo kar dii hai।)
Register: Formal -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Perfective -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Active
मेरा भाई सैनिक स्कूल में पढ़ता है। My brother studies in a military school.
(meraa bhaaii sainik skool men padhtaa hai।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Habitual -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Active
दोनों देशों के बीच सैनिक तनाव लगातार बढ़ रहा है। Military tension between the two countries is constantly increasing.
(donon deshon ke biich sainik tanaav lagaataar badh rahaa hai।)
Register: Formal -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Continuous -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Active
क्षेत्र में सैनिक अड्डा बनाने की योजना बनाई गई थी। A plan had been made to build a military base in the region.
(kshetr men sainik addaa banaane kii yojnaa banaaii gaii thii।)
Register: Formal -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Perfective -- Tense: Past -- Voice: Passive
यदि सैनिक सहायता समय पर मिलती, तो हालात इतने बुरे न होते। If military assistance had arrived on time, the situation would not have been so bad.
(yadi sainik sahaaytaa samay par miltii, to haalaat itne bure n hote।)
Register: Formal -- Mood: Counterfactual -- Aspect: Habitual -- Voice: Active
देश के सैनिक ठिकानों की सुरक्षा और मज़बूत की जाए। May the security of the country's military installations be further strengthened.
(desh ke sainik thikaanon kii surakshaa aur mazboot kii jaae।)
Register: Formal -- Mood: Subjunctive -- Voice: Passive
इतिहासकारों ने उस युग की सैनिक व्यवस्था पर विस्तार से लिखा है। Historians have written in detail about the military system of that era.
(itihaaskaaron ne us yug kii sainik vyavasthaa par vistaar se likhaa hai।)
Register: Literary -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Perfective -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Active
सैनिक शक्ति के बल पर साम्राज्य ने आधी दुनिया जीत ली थी। On the strength of military power, the empire had conquered half the world.
(sainik shakti ke bal par saamraajy ne aadhii duniyaa jiit lii thii।)
Register: Literary -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Perfective -- Tense: Past -- Voice: Active
क्या तुम्हें पता है कि पास वाले शहर में एक सैनिक छावनी है? Do you know that there's a military cantonment in the nearby city?
(kyaa tumhen pataa hai ki paas vaale shahar men ek sainik chhaavnii hai?)
Register: Casual -- Mood: Indicative -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Active
आने वाले सालों में सैनिक खर्च और बढ़ेगा। Military spending will increase further in the coming years.
(aane vaale saalon men sainik kharch aur badhegaa।)
Register: Formal -- Mood: Indicative -- Tense: Future -- Voice: Active
Morphology
Noun
(sg.m.direct): सैनिक (sainik)
(sg.m.oblique): सैनिक (sainik)
(pl.m.direct): सैनिक (sainik)
(pl.m.oblique): सैनिकों (sainikon)
Adjective (invariant)
invariant: सैनिक (sainik)