बूढ़ा (boodhaa)

adjective/noun An everyday adjective meaning 'old' (of age, for people/animals), which also functions as a noun meaning 'old man'.
Sense 1 : old (in age)
adjective
Synonyms: वृद्ध (vriddh, formal), बुज़ुर्ग (buzurg, respectful, used more for people), उम्रदराज़ (umradraaz, formal)
Frequency: high
Cultural Note: You will hear बूढ़ा आदमी (boodhaa aadmii, 'old man') and बूढ़ी औरत (boodhii aurat, 'old woman') constantly in daily speech, but in front of the elders themselves, most Delhi families switch to बुज़ुर्ग (buzurg) out of respect -- the same instinct that makes English speakers prefer 'senior citizen' over 'old person' in polite company.
Common Mistakes: 1) Learners use बूढ़ा (boodhaa) for old objects like buildings or books; it applies to living things (people, animals), not things -- for objects use पुराना (puraanaa). 2) Calling someone बूढ़ा (boodhaa) directly to their face can sound blunt or even rude; बुज़ुर्ग (buzurg) is the polite, respectful choice when referring to elders.
Sample Sentences:
वह आदमी बहुत बूढ़ा है। That man is very old.
(vah aadmii bahut boodhaa hai।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Indicative -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Active
मेरी दादी बूढ़ी हो गई हैं, पर अभी भी हर सुबह सैर पर जाती हैं। My grandmother has grown old, but she still goes for a walk every morning.
(merii daadii boodhii ho gaii hain, par abhii bhii har subah sair par jaatii hain।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Perfective -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Active
जब मैं बूढ़ा हो जाऊँगा, तो शहर छोड़कर पहाड़ों में रहूँगा। When I grow old, I will leave the city and live in the mountains.
(jab main boodhaa ho jaaoongaa, to shahar chhodkar pahaadon men rahoongaa।)
Register: Casual -- Mood: Indicative -- Tense: Future -- Voice: Active
बचपन में वह पेड़ मुझे पहले से ही बूढ़ा लगता था। In my childhood, that tree already seemed old to me.
(bachpan men vah ped mujhe pahle se hii boodhaa lagtaa thaa।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Habitual -- Tense: Past -- Voice: Active
अगर वह इतना बूढ़ा न होता, तो खुद सामान उठा लेता। If he weren't so old, he would have carried the luggage himself.
(agar vah itnaa boodhaa n hotaa, to khud saamaan uthaa letaa।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Counterfactual -- Aspect: Habitual -- Voice: Active
बूढ़ी होने के बावजूद उसकी आवाज़ में अब भी वही ताकत है। Despite being old, her voice still has that same strength.
(boodhii hone ke baavjood uskii aavaaz men ab bhii vahii taakat hai।)
Register: Formal -- Mood: Indicative -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Active
गाँव में एक बूढ़ा कुत्ता रोज़ उस दुकान के बाहर बैठा रहता है। In the village, an old dog sits outside that shop every day.
(gaanv men ek boodhaa kuttaa roz us dukaan ke baahar baithaa rahtaa hai।)
Register: Casual -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Habitual -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Active
काश मैं इतना बूढ़ा न होता कि सीढ़ियाँ चढ़ने में साँस फूल जाए। I wish I weren't so old that climbing stairs leaves me breathless.
(kaash main itnaa boodhaa n hotaa ki siidhiyaan chadhne men saans phool jaae।)
Register: Casual -- Mood: Counterfactual -- Aspect: Habitual -- Voice: Active
उस बूढ़े पेड़ की कहानी इस गाँव के हर बच्चे को पता है। Every child in this village knows the story of that old tree.
(us boodhe ped kii kahaanii is gaanv ke har bachche ko pataa hai।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Indicative -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Active
यह किताब इतनी बूढ़ी हो चुकी है कि इसके पन्ने अपने-आप टूटने लगे हैं। This book has become so old that its pages have started falling apart on their own.
(yah kitaab itnii boodhii ho chukii hai ki iske panne apne-aap tootne lage hain।)
Register: Literary -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Perfective -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Active
डॉक्टर ने कहा कि बूढ़े मरीज़ों को यह दवा सावधानी से दी जानी चाहिए। The doctor said this medicine should be given to old patients carefully.
(doktar ne kahaa ki boodhe mariizon ko yah davaa saavdhaanii se dii jaanii chaahie।)
Register: Formal -- Mood: Subjunctive -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Passive
Sense 2 : old man
noun, masculine Used as a standalone noun (with the masculine inflection) to mean 'the old man,' distinct from its adjectival use modifying another noun.
Synonyms: बुज़ुर्ग (buzurg, respectful), वृद्ध (vriddh, formal)
Frequency: medium
Cultural Note: In village stories and films, बूढ़ा (boodhaa) often shows up as a stock character -- 'the old man of the house' -- much like 'the old man' in English folk tales, carrying a mix of affection and mild exasperation.
Sample Sentences:
उस बूढ़े ने मुझे रास्ता बताया। That old man showed me the way.
(us boodhe ne mujhe raastaa bataayaa।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Perfective -- Tense: Past -- Voice: Active
गाँव का बूढ़ा हर शाम पेड़ के नीचे बैठता है। The old man of the village sits under the tree every evening.
(gaanv kaa boodhaa har shaam ped ke niiche baithtaa hai।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Habitual -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Active
घर का बूढ़ा बरामदे में बैठा है। The old man of the house is sitting on the veranda.
(ghar kaa boodhaa baraamde men baithaa hai।)
Register: Casual -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Perfective -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Active
एक बूढ़ा अपनी लाठी के सहारे धीरे-धीरे चल रहा था। An old man was walking slowly, leaning on his stick.
(ek boodhaa apnii laathii ke sahaare dhiire-dhiire chal rahaa thaa।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Continuous -- Tense: Past -- Voice: Active
बूढ़े को सड़क पार करने में मदद करो। Help the old man cross the road.
(boodhe ko sadak paar karne men madad karo।)
Register: Casual -- Mood: Imperative -- Voice: Active
काश वह बूढ़ा अपनी कहानियाँ फिर से सुना पाता। If only that old man could tell his stories again.
(kaash vah boodhaa apnii kahaaniyaan phir se sunaa paataa।)
Register: Literary -- Mood: Counterfactual -- Aspect: Habitual -- Voice: Active
कहानी में एक बूढ़ा अपने बेटों को ज़मीन बाँटता है। In the story, an old man divides his land among his sons.
(kahaanii men ek boodhaa apne beton ko zamiin baanttaa hai।)
Register: Literary -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Habitual -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Active
उस बूढ़े से इतनी उम्मीद मत रखो, वह थक चुका है। Don't expect so much from that old man, he's already tired out.
(us boodhe se itnii ummiid mat rakho, vah thak chukaa hai।)
Register: Casual -- Mood: Imperative -- Voice: Active
बूढ़े को अकेला छोड़कर मत जाओ, वह गिर सकता है। Don't leave the old man alone, he might fall.
(boodhe ko akelaa chhodkar mat jaao, vah gir saktaa hai।)
Register: Casual -- Mood: Subjunctive -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Active
उस बूढ़े को गाँव में सब बड़े आदर से बुलाते हैं। Everyone in the village addresses that old man with great respect.
(us boodhe ko gaanv men sab bade aadar se bulaate hain।)
Register: Formal -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Habitual -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Active
Morphology
Adjective (variable)
(sg.m): बूढ़ा (boodhaa)
(pl.m): बूढ़े (boodhe)
(sg.f): बूढ़ी (boodhii)
(pl.f): बूढ़ी (boodhii)
Noun
(sg.m.direct): बूढ़ा (boodhaa)
(sg.m.oblique): बूढ़े (boodhe)
(pl.m.direct): बूढ़े (boodhe)
(pl.m.oblique): बूढ़ों (boodhon)