आदि (aadi)
adjective/noun
Mainly a written/spoken-formal word meaning 'etcetera, and so on' used after a list; also has a literary noun sense meaning 'beginning, origin.'
Sense
1
:
and so on, etcetera
adjective Placed directly after the last item in a list, with no comma needed before it: सेब, केला आदि (seb, kelaa aadi, 'apples, bananas, etc.').
Synonyms: वगैरह (vagairah), इत्यादि (ityaadi, one-word variant combining इत्+आदि)
Frequency: high
Cultural Note: You will see आदि (aadi) constantly in written Hindi, forms, notices, and news, e.g. फल, सब्ज़ी आदि (phal, sabzii aadi, 'fruits, vegetables, etc.'); in casual speech, वगैरह (vagairah) is what people actually say more often at the sabzi mandi or dinner table.
Common Mistakes: 1) Learners often add एवं (evan) or और (aur) before आदि (aadi), but native speakers just tack it on directly after the last list item with no connector. 2) आदि (aadi) suggests the list could continue in a similar vein, whereas वगैरह (vagairah) can sound slightly more casual or dismissive -- the two are close but not perfectly interchangeable in tone.
Sample Sentences:
बाज़ार में फल, सब्ज़ी आदि सब कुछ मिल जाता है।
You can get fruits, vegetables, etc. -- everything -- in the market.
(baazaar men phal, sabzii aadi sab kuchh mil jaataa hai।)
फॉर्म में नाम, पता, फ़ोन नंबर आदि भरना ज़रूरी है।
It is necessary to fill in the name, address, phone number, etc. in the form.
(phorm men naam, pataa, fon nambar aadi bharnaa zaroorii hai।)
स्कूल में हिंदी, अंग्रेज़ी, गणित आदि विषय पढ़ाए जाते हैं।
Subjects like Hindi, English, mathematics, etc. are taught in school.
(skool men hindii, angrezii, ganit aadi vishay padhaae jaate hain।)
कृपया अपना आधार कार्ड, पैन कार्ड आदि दस्तावेज़ साथ लाएँ।
Please bring documents such as your Aadhaar card, PAN card, etc.
(kripyaa apnaa aadhaar kaard, pain kaard aadi dastaavez saath laaen।)
अगर मौसम अच्छा होता तो हम पार्क, बाज़ार आदि जगहों पर घूमने जाते।
If the weather had been good, we would have gone around to places like the park, the market, etc.
(agar mausam achchhaa hotaa to ham paark, baazaar aadi jagahon par ghoomne jaate।)
रिपोर्ट में बिक्री, मुनाफ़ा, नुकसान आदि के आँकड़े दिए गए थे।
The report gave figures for sales, profit, loss, etc.
(riport men bikrii, munaafaa, nuksaan aadi ke aankde die gae the।)
समिति चाहती है कि सदस्य समय, नियम आदि का पालन करें।
The committee wants members to follow the timing, rules, etc.
(samiti chaahtii hai ki sadasy samay, niyam aadi kaa paalan karen।)
इतिहास की किताब में राजा, रानी, युद्ध आदि की कहानियाँ लिखी होती हैं।
History books contain stories of kings, queens, wars, etc.
(itihaas kii kitaab men raajaa, raanii, yuddh aadi kii kahaaniyaan likhii hotii hain।)
नोटिस में छुट्टी, समय-सारणी आदि की जानकारी दी जाएगी।
The notice will give information about the holiday, timetable, etc.
(notis men chhuttii, samay-saarnii aadi kii jaankaarii dii jaaegii।)
मंदिर, मस्जिद, गिरजाघर आदि सभी पूजा स्थल हैं।
Temples, mosques, churches, etc. are all places of worship.
(mandir, masjid, girjaaghar aadi sabhii poojaa sthal hain।)
Sense
2
:
beginning, origin
noun, masculine
Synonyms: शुरुआत (shuruaat), प्रारंभ (praarambh, literary)
Frequency: literary
Cultural Note: This is the older, more literary sense behind the etc.-usage: आदि (aadi) originally means 'the first, the origin,' as in the phrase आदि से अंत तक (aadi se ant tak, 'from beginning to end'). You will meet it in religious or philosophical contexts, like आदि पुरुष (aadi purush, 'the primal/original being'), more than in daily chatter.
Sample Sentences:
यह कथा आदि से अंत तक सत्य है।
This story is true from beginning to end.
(yah kathaa aadi se ant tak saty hai।)
ईश्वर को आदि पुरुष कहा जाता है।
God is called the primal being.
(iishvar ko aadi purush kahaa jaataa hai।)
सृष्टि का आदि किसी को ज्ञात नहीं।
No one knows the origin of creation.
(srishti kaa aadi kisii ko gyaat nahiin।)
यदि हमें सत्य समझना हो, तो हमें आदि तक जाना होगा।
If we wish to understand the truth, we will have to go back to the beginning.
(yadi hamen saty samajhnaa ho, to hamen aadi tak jaanaa hogaa।)
यह ग्रंथ जगत के आदि का वर्णन करता है।
This scripture describes the origin of the universe.
(yah granth jagat ke aadi kaa varnan kartaa hai।)
काश हम आदि के रहस्य को जान पाते।
If only we could know the mystery of the beginning.
(kaash ham aadi ke rahasy ko jaan paate।)
आदि में केवल शून्य था।
In the beginning, there was only void.
(aadi men keval shoony thaa।)
आदि और अंत का यह चक्र अनवरत चलता रहता है।
This cycle of beginning and end continues unceasingly.
(aadi aur ant kaa yah chakr anavrat chaltaa rahtaa hai।)
Morphology
Adjective (invariant)
invariant:
आदि
(aadi)
Noun
(sg.m.direct):
आदि
(aadi)
(sg.m.oblique):
आदि
(aadi)
(pl.m.direct):
आदि
(aadi)
(pl.m.oblique):
आदिों
([[आदिों]])