शरमिंदा (sharmindaa)
adjective
A single-sense adjective meaning 'ashamed, embarrassed' -- describes the emotional state of a person, always used with होना (honaa) or a causative like करना (karnaa).
Sense
1
:
ashamed, embarrassed
adjective
Synonyms: लज्जित (lajjit, literary), शर्मसार (sharmsaar, literary)
Frequency: high
Cultural Note: This word carries a slightly softer, more relational shade than pure guilt -- it is the feeling of having let someone down in front of others, often family. You'll hear it a lot in the context of izzat (izzat, honor/reputation) culture, as in बच्चों की हरकतों से माँ-बाप शरमिंदा हो जाते हैं (bachchon kii harakton se maan-baap sharmindaa ho jaate hain, 'parents get embarrassed by their children's behavior').
Common Mistakes: 1) Learners often try to use this with an ने-marked subject as if it were a normal transitive verb of action -- but शरमिंदा (sharmindaa) is an adjective describing a state, so the person feeling it just takes होना (honaa): राम शरमिंदा हुआ (raam sharmindaa huaa, 'Ram became ashamed'), never राम ने शरमिंदा किया (raam ne sharmindaa kiyaa) to mean 'Ram felt ashamed.' 2) To say someone *made* another person ashamed, you need a separate person as the subject with शरमिंदा करना (sharmindaa karnaa): उसने मुझे शरमिंदा किया (usne mujhe sharmindaa kiyaa, 'He made me ashamed/embarrassed').
Sample Sentences:
मुझे अपनी गलती पर बहुत शर्मिंदा हूँ।
I am very ashamed of my mistake.
(mujhe apnii galtii par bahut sharmindaa hoon।)
बच्चों की हरकतों से माँ-बाप शरमिंदा हो जाते हैं।
Parents get embarrassed by their children's behavior.
(bachchon kii harakton se maan-baap sharmindaa ho jaate hain।)
उसने सबके सामने झूठ बोलकर मुझे शर्मिंदा कर दिया।
He embarrassed me in front of everyone by lying.
(usne sabke saamne jhooth bolkar mujhe sharmindaa kar diyaa।)
अगर तुम ऐसा करते तो पूरा परिवार शर्मिंदा होता।
If you had done that, the whole family would have been ashamed.
(agar tum aisaa karte to pooraa parivaar sharmindaa hotaa।)
बेटा, अपने माँ-बाप को कभी शर्मिंदा मत करना।
Son, never embarrass your parents.
(betaa, apne maan-baap ko kabhii sharmindaa mat karnaa।)
क्या तुम्हें अपने व्यवहार पर शर्मिंदा नहीं होना चाहिए?
Shouldn't you be ashamed of your behavior?
(kyaa tumhen apne vyavahaar par sharmindaa nahiin honaa chaahie?)
समाज के सामने परिवार को शर्मिंदा किया गया।
The family was made to feel ashamed in front of society.
(samaaj ke saamne parivaar ko sharmindaa kiyaa gayaa।)
महोदय, हमें इस असुविधा के लिए अत्यंत शर्मिंदा होना पड़ा।
Sir, we were made to feel extremely embarrassed for this inconvenience.
(mahoday, hamen is asuvidhaa ke lie atyant sharmindaa honaa padaa।)
वह अपने पिता के सामने आँखें नीची किए शर्मिंदा खड़ा था।
He stood ashamed in front of his father with his eyes lowered.
(vah apne pitaa ke saamne aankhen niichii kie sharmindaa khadaa thaa।)
काश मैं उस दिन शर्मिंदा न हुआ होता।
I wish I hadn't felt ashamed that day.
(kaash main us din sharmindaa n huaa hotaa।)
उसकी हरकत से पूरी टीम शर्मिंदा महसूस कर रही थी।
The whole team was feeling embarrassed because of his behavior.
(uskii harkat se poorii tiim sharmindaa mahsoos kar rahii thii।)
Morphology
Adjective (invariant)
invariant:
शरमिंदा
(sharmindaa)